health_topic.id,health_topic.ts,health_topic.title,health_topic.content,health_topic.category_1_x_health_topic_id
1,"2018-04-20 02:36:42","B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia for Adults","B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia for Adults require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Your Guide To B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia for Adults B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia for Adults B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia for Adults What Is B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? Causes Symptoms Getting a Diagnosis Questions for Your Doctor Treatment Taking Care of Yourself What to Expect Getting Support What Is B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a cancer that affects your ""B lymphocytes"" -- white blood cells that grow in the soft center of your bones, called marrow. B lymphocytes are supposed to grow into cells that help you fight infections. But in this disease, they turn into ""leukemia"" cells that live longer than normal cells and reproduce quickly. They build up in your bone marrow and move into your bloodstream. From there they can spread to other organs in your body. Although in most cases it can't be cured, treatment can help you live longer and better. And researchers are looking for new treatments to fight the disease. Remember, you have control over the decisions you make about your treatment and your life. Make sure you reach out to family and friends so you can talk to them about your plans, your fears, and your feelings. Ask your doctor about support groups, where you can meet people who understand what you're going through. Causes In most cases, doctors don't know what causes B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL). It doesn't appear to run in families. Some things may increase your chances of getting it: for instance, if you've had chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer in the past. Also, getting chemotherapy and radiation together raises your risk even more. Symptoms Your symptoms depend on the number of leukemia cells you have. Treatments that kill your leukemia cells also get rid of the symptoms. When you first get B-cell ALL, you may feel tired and get a fever. You also might lose your appetite and get night sweats. If the leukemia cells in your bone marrow crowd out cells that are in charge of making blood, you won't have enough normal blood cells. When this happens, you may start feeling weak, dizzy, or light-headed. You may also get symptoms such as: Shortness of breath Repeated infections Bruise easily Frequent bleeding, such as nosebleeds or from your gums Some symptoms depend on where in your body the leukemia cells move. For instance, if they travel to your liver and spleen, they may cause these organs to get bigger. Your belly may swell. You might feel full after you eat only a little bit of food. You may feel pain in your joints or bones if the leukemia cells have spread there. If the cancer cells have moved into the lymph nodes of your neck, underarms, or groin, you may see swelling in those areas. It's not as common, but sometimes the leukemia cells move to the brain and cause headaches or trouble with balance. Leukemia cells that get into your chest may lead to breathing problems. Continued Getting a Diagnosis Your doctor will do a physical exam and ask you questions about your medical history. He may ask you: Do you feel extremely tired? Have you ever felt dizzy or weak? Do you have bruises? Have you been sick a lot recently? Do you get a lot of nosebleeds or do your gums bleed? Your doctor may also want you to take some blood tests that can give clues about whether you have B-cell ALL: Complete blood count (CBC). It checks the number of blood cells in your body, including white blood cells. Peripheral blood smear. It looks for changes in the number of blood cells and how they look. The results of these tests can reveal signs that you may have B-cell ALL, such as too many young white blood cells or too few of the two other types of blood cells -- red blood cells and platelets. You may also need to get a bone marrow test. Your doctor will take samples of your bone marrow, usually from the back of your hip bone. For this test, you lie down on a table and get a shot that will numb the area. Then your doctor uses a needle to remove a small amount of liquid bone marrow. Your doctor will look at the sample under a microscope. He or she will check the size and shape of the white blood cells. Cells that look like they haven't developed fully could be signs that you have B-cell ALL. Once B-cell ALL has been diagnosed, your doctor may want to do tests to see if it has spread to other parts of your body. These might include an X-ray or a CT scan. An X-ray uses radiation in low doses to make images of your body's structures. A CT scan is a series of X-rays from different angles that makes detailed images of what is inside your body. You may also get a test called a spinal tap (lumbar puncture). It checks to see if cancer cells have spread to the brain and spinal cord. For this test, your doctor gives you a shot to numb your lower back. Then he puts a needle in the area around your spinal cord to remove some fluid called CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). Continued Questions for Your Doctor There's a lot to take in when your doctor gives you a diagnosis of B-cell ALL. Some questions you can ask your doctor include: What kind of treatment do you recommend? Are there side effects? How will you check on my progress? Are there clinical trials of new treatments that I should consider joining? Treatment The word ""acute"" in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia means the disease spreads quickly, so it's important to get early treatment. You have different choices for treatment. In general, your treatment will have two phases. The goal of the first phase is ""total remission"" -- to kill the leukemia cells and get rid of all your symptoms. Your doctor may call it the induction phase. If you go into remission, the next stage is to kill any leftover leukemia cells that aren't active but could grow later, causing the disease to return. Your doctor may call this phase of treatment the consolidation phase or ""post-remission therapy."" Talk with your doctor about the best type of treatment for you. And remember, you don't have to face things alone. Talk to family and friends who can give you emotional support. Your treatment options include: Chemotherapy. In this treatment, you take drugs that move through your bloodstream and kill cancer cells throughout your body. You might get these drugs in three phases over about 2 years. While you're getting chemo, you may feel nauseous, but certain medicines can reduce vomiting. Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant. Some people with B-cell ALL may need large doses of chemotherapy. But doctors hesitate to give large amounts, because it can damage your bone marrow. That's where a stem cell transplant can help. After your high-dose chemo, you'll get a transplant of stem cells that can help get your bone marrow working right again. The stem cells in a transplant live in your bone marrow and help make new blood cells. When you get this transplant, a donor will supply the new stem cells. You'll need to get on a waiting list to find a donor who is the right match for you, so your body doesn't ""reject"" the new cells. Close relatives, such as a brother or sister, are the best chance for a good match. If that doesn't work out, you need to get on a list of potential donors from strangers. Sometimes the best chance for the right stem cells for you will be from someone who is the same race or ethnicity as you. Continued Before the transplant, you'll likely need to get treated with high doses of chemo for about a week or two. This can be a tough process, because you may get side effects like nausea and mouth sores. When the high-dose chemo is done, you'll start the transplant. The new stem cells are given to you through an IV. You won't feel any pain from this, and you're awake while it’s happening. After your transplant, it could take 2 to 6 weeks for the stem cells to multiply and start making new blood cells. During this time you may be in the hospital, or at the very least, will need to make visits every day to get checked by your transplant team. It can take 6 months to a year until the number of normal blood cells in your body gets back to what it should be. Targeted therapy. This treatment uses drugs that go after specific parts of cancer cells. You often get the drugs in this type of therapy every day in pill form. They usually have fewer severe side effects than chemotherapy. This treatment doesn't work for everyone, but it puts a lot of people into remission and may help keep the cancer from coming back. CAR T-cell therapy. It's type of gene therapy that the FDA has approved for children and young adults up to age 25 whose B-cell ALL doesn't get better with other treatments. Scientists are working to develop a version of this treatment for people over 25 and for other kinds of cancer. CAR T-cell therapy uses some of your own immune cells, known as T cells, to treat your cancer. Doctors take the cells out of your blood and change them by adding new genes. The new T-cells can work better to find and kill cancer cells.   Continued Taking Care of Yourself While you're getting treatment, you can do a lot of things to manage side effects and stay healthy. Since chemotherapy can sometimes upset your stomach, you can try changing some of your eating habits. For instance, stay away from fried or spicy foods. You can also try eating five or six small meals a day rather than the traditional three meals. If your treatment makes you tired, try to take short naps. You also might find that short walks can help boost your energy. If you're stressed about your treatment, sometimes deep breathing or meditation can help you relax. Reach out to family and friends who can give you emotional support when you need it. What to Expect It's likely that your treatment for B-cell ALL will take a number of years. After your treatment is over, you'll have regular visits to your doctor so she can check to make sure your cancer hasn't returned. Your doctor will also check for any lingering side effects of your therapy. For some people, treatment makes the cancer go away. For others, the cancer may not go away completely, or it may return. If that's the case, you may need regular treatment with chemotherapy or other drugs to keep it in check for as long as possible. It's possible that treatment to fight B-cell ALL may stop working. If that happens, you may want to focus on making sure you're as comfortable as possible, known as palliative care. You may not be able to control your cancer, but you can control choices about how you'll live your life. You don't have to face things alone. Consider joining a support group, where you can you share your feelings with others who understand what it's like. Getting Support You can get more information about B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and learn how to join support groups, on the web site of the American Cancer Society.","{
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2,"2018-04-20 02:36:44",Babesiosis,"Babesiosis require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Important It is possible that the main title of the report Babesiosis is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Piriplasmosis Redwater Fever Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Babesiosis is a rare infectious disease caused by single-celled microorganisms (protozoa) belonging to the Babesia family. It is believed that the Babesia protozoa are usually carried and transmitted by ticks (vectors). Babesiosis occurs primarily in animals; however, in rare cases, babesiosis infection may occur in humans. Certain Babesia species are known to cause babesiosis infection in humans (e.g., Babesia microti), and the deer tick is a known vector. Human babesiosis infection may cause fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, and/or muscle aches (myalgia). Symptoms may be mild in otherwise healthy people; in addition, some infected individuals may exhibit no symptoms (asymptomatic). However, a severe form of babesiosis, which may be life-threatening if untreated, may occur in individuals who have had their spleens removed (splenectomized) or who have an impaired immune system. A different form of babesiosis has been reported in Europe that is associated with a more severe expression of symptoms. Resources Lyme Disease Foundation P.O. Box 332 Tolland, CT 06084-0332 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.lyme.orgCenters for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE Atlanta, GA 30333 Tel: (404)639-3534 Tel: (800)232-4636 TDD: (888)232-6348 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Office of Communications and Government Relations 6610 Rockledge Drive, MSC 6612 Bethesda, MD 20892-6612 Tel: (301)496-5717 Fax: (301)402-3573 Tel: (866)284-4107 TDD: (800)877-8339 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/World Health Organization (WHO) Avenue Appia 20 Geneva 27, 1211 Switzerland Tel: 41227912111 Fax: 41227913111 Internet: http://www.who.int/en/Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center PO Box 8126 Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 Tel: (301)251-4925 Fax: (301)251-4911 Tel: (888)205-2311 TDD: (888)205-3223 Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/ For a Complete Report This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under ""Rare Disease Information"". The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians. It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder. For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email [email protected] Last Updated: 4/8/2009Copyright 1986, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2001, 2003, 2009 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.","{
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3,"2018-04-20 02:36:18","Babinski-Froelich Syndrome","Froelich's Syndrome require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Important It is possible that the main title of the report Froelich's Syndrome is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Adiposogenital Dystrophy Babinski-Froelich Syndrome Dystrophia Adiposogenitalis Frolich's Syndrome Hypothalamic Infantilism-Obesity Launois-Cleret Syndrome Sexual Infantilism Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Froehlich syndrome is a constellation of endocrine abnormalities believed to result from damage to the hypothalamus, a part of the brain where certain functions such as sleep cycles and body temperature are regulated. Froehlich syndrome appears to be acquired while certain other disorders that resemble it, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, are genetic. This syndrome appears to affect males mostly. The more obvious and frequently encountered characteristics are delayed puberty, small testes, and obesity. Teen-age boys with this disorder must be distinguished from those who have inherited growth delay disorders or Prader Willi syndrome. Resources Human Growth Foundation 997 Glen Cove Avenue Suite 5 Glen Head, NY 11545 Tel: (516)671-4041 Fax: (516)671-4055 Tel: (800)451-6434 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.hgfound.org/MAGIC Foundation 6645 W. North Avenue Oak Park, IL 60302 Tel: (708)383-0808 Fax: (708)383-0899 Tel: (800)362-4423 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.magicfoundation.orgThe Arc 1825 K Street NW, Suite 1200 Washington, DC 20006 Tel: (202)534-3700 Fax: (202)534-3731 Tel: (800)433-5255 TDD: (817)277-0553 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.thearc.orgNIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke P.O. Box 5801 Bethesda, MD 20824 Tel: (301)496-5751 Fax: (301)402-2186 Tel: (800)352-9424 TDD: (301)468-5981 Internet: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center PO Box 8126 Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 Tel: (301)251-4925 Fax: (301)251-4911 Tel: (888)205-2311 TDD: (888)205-3223 Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/ For a Complete Report This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under ""Rare Disease Information"". The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians. It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder. For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email [email protected] Last Updated: 1/22/2008Copyright 1986, 1989, 1993, 2004 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.","{
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4,"2018-04-19 01:19:40",Baby,,"{
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5,"2018-04-20 02:37:00","Baby Hygiene","Baby Maintenance: Baths, Nails, and Hair require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); In this Article In this Article In this Article Taking Care of Baby: Baby Baths Taking Care of Baby: Cradle Cap Taking Care of Baby: Cutting Nails Unfortunately for new parents, babies don't come with instruction manuals. So when it comes to even the simplest tasks, like baths and nail trimming, some parents feel confused. If you're unsure about the baby grooming basics, here's a handy guide to help make hygiene as easy as loving your baby. Taking Care of Baby: Baby Baths Until your baby's umbilical cord falls off, which usually happens after the first week, don't give any baths. Instead, give your baby a sponge wash, or ‘top and tail’. Circumcised boys should not be bathed until the penis has totally healed. Here's how: Lay your baby on a towel. If it is cold, you can take off one item of clothing at a time while you wash your baby. Gently wash your baby's face with a lukewarm, wet washcloth. Don't use soap. Add soap to the wet cloth to wash your baby's body. Wash the diaper area last. Rinse your baby off with water and pat your baby dry. Cup your hand under warm water and gently pour it over your baby's head to wet your baby's hair. Put a small amount of baby shampoo on your baby's hair. Gently rub in a circular motion, and then use a plastic cup or your hand to rinse off the shampoo. Don't use any lotions on your baby, and especially avoid adult products.  Once the umbilical cord stump has fallen off, you can graduate to baths. Your baby doesn't need a bath every day -- two to three times a week should be fine. Whether you bathe baby in a baby bath, the sink, or the bathtub is up to you. But considering that babies are slippery when wet, some parents feel better able to handle giving a bath in the smaller space of a baby bath or the sink. The most important thing to remember about baths is to never leave your baby unattended. Babies can slide down and quickly become submerged in even a few inches of water. Using a baby bath seat is no assurance that your baby will be safe in the bathtub. Many seats can easily tip over. If you need to leave the room, wrap your baby in a towel and take her with you. Here are tips for giving your baby a tub bath: Put the washcloth, soap, and shampoo -- everything you'll need for the bath -- close by. That way, you don't have to leave the room once your baby is in the tub. Also, lay out a diaper and clothes where you can easily reach them after the bath. Fill the tub with 2 to 3 inches of water. The bath should be warm but not hot. To be sure the water is the right temperature, test it first with your elbow. Make sure your water heater is set to no more than 120 degrees Fahrenheit so that you can't accidentally scald your baby. Wash baby's face gently with a wet washcloth. Use a wet cotton ball or washcloth (no soap) to clean your baby's eyes and face. Wipe from the inside of each eye to the outside. Make sure you get any dried secretions out of the nose and eyes. Soap the washcloth (use a gentle, no-tears baby soap or wash) and clean your baby's body from top to bottom and front to back. Make sure you clean inside all of the little folds. Wash the diaper area last. Fill a cup with water to wet baby's hair. Put a small amount of baby shampoo on her head. Rub in a gentle circular motion. Keep your baby's head tilted back so the shampoo doesn't run into her eyes. Fill the cup again with clean water to rinse your baby's hair and body. When lifting your baby out of the bath, support her bottom with one hand and the head and neck with the other. Make sure you have a firm hold so your baby doesn't slide away. You don't need to use lotion, but you can apply it after the bath if your baby’s skin is especially dry. After the bath, wrap your baby in a towel and gently pat her dry. Continued Taking Care of Baby: Cradle Cap It's common for babies to develop flaky, red patches of skin on their scalp called cradle cap. It's not a big concern and is easy to treat. Here's how: Before a bath, massage a little bit of petroleum jelly, olive oil, or baby oil into your baby's scalp to loosen the dry skin. Gently rub the oil into your baby's scalp with a soft brush or washcloth to release the flakes. Wash baby's hair with a gentle baby shampoo. Cradle cap should get better on its own. If it sticks around or spreads to baby's face, neck, or other parts of the body, see your doctor. You may need a stronger prescription shampoo for your baby's hair and a cortisone cream for your baby's body. Taking Care of Baby: Cutting Nails Because your baby's fingernails grow very quickly and babies can easily scratch themselves, file or cut the nails about twice a week. Your baby's toenails don't grow as quickly. You can probably get away with cutting them a couple of times a month. Just watch out for any jagged edges that you may need to trim. Whether you opt for baby scissors, a baby nail clipper, or a nail file is up to you. Considering the tiny size of baby's nails, decide which one you're most comfortable using. Filing generally runs less of a risk that you'll cut your baby's skin. Never bite off your baby's nails -- you could give her an infection. Here are some tips to make cutting nails easier: Cut nails after a bath, when they're softer. Sometimes it helps to trim a baby's nails when the baby is asleep and relaxed. If you use scissors or a nail clipper, press the skin under the nail down so you can get to the nail more easily. It may help to have your partner hold the baby's hand steady the first few times so you can concentrate on cutting. Trim her fingernails following the natural curve of the nail. Cut toenails straight across. Use a nail file after clipping to smooth any jagged edges. If you accidentally nip baby's skin with the scissors, apply gentle pressure with a tissue or piece of gauze. Use a tiny bit of ointment on the cut. Don't put on a bandage because your baby could choke on it.","{
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6,"2018-04-20 02:37:04","Baby Safety","Baby Safety require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); In this Article In this Article In this Article Baby Safety in the Car Preventing Baby Falls Baby Safety, Smoking and Fire Safety Preventing Baby Burns Preventing Baby Accidents Baby Bathing Safety Baby Toy Safety Baby Choking or Strangulation Prevention Baby Feeding Safety Baby Sleeping Safety Changing Table Safety Baby Crawling and Walking Safety Other Baby Safety Precautions Your child's safety is your responsibility. The following tips should help you keep your baby out of harm's way from birth through his toddler years. Baby Safety in the Car Always use a federally approved car safety seat when traveling in a motor vehicle. Carefully read safety seat instructions to ensure that the seat has been properly installed. NEVER carry your infant in your lap while you ride in a car. For the first two years of a baby's life, car seats should face the rear of the vehicle. The safest location for the car seat is the middle of the back seat. NEVER put the baby in the front passenger seat of cars, especially those with airbags. If you have a truck with no back seat, you should disengage the airbag while the baby's seat is in the car. If you have questions about safety seats, call the Auto Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (1-888-DASH-2-DOT). To minimize the risk that a child will accidentally be left behind in a car or get trapped inside: Leave a purse, briefcase, or cell phone in the back seat. That way, you get in the habit of checking in the back seat before leaving the vehicle. Make an arrangement with your child’s daycare to have them call you if the child doesn’t show up as expected. Always lock your car and car trunk, even if the car is parked in the driveway at home, and always keep keys out of the reach of little ones.   Preventing Baby Falls If you use an infant carrier, always place it on the floor, never on a counter or tabletop. Make sure if the baby is always strapped in. Never leave your baby alone on a bed, couch, changing table, or infant seat from which he or she can fall or roll off. Even if looking away for a second, an accident can happen.   Continued Baby Safety, Smoking and Fire Safety Do not smoke and do not allow smoking around your baby. Even smoking “outside” is harmful for the baby because clothing, hair and skin still carries smoke particles which affects the baby. Install a working smoke alarm on every level of your home. Change the batteries of your smoke detectors every six months. Have at least one fire extinguisher on every level of your home. If your home uses gas heat, install a carbon monoxide detector.     Preventing Baby Burns Do not hold hot liquids while holding your baby. To prevent burns, do not microwave baby's bottle. Many microwaves heat unevenly, creating ""hot spots"" in your baby's formula that can burn your baby's mouth. Instead, warm the formula by running warm tap water over the bottle or submerging the bottle in a bowl of warm water. Shake the bottle well. Make sure you test the temperature on your hand or wrist before feeding it to your baby. Keep your hot water heater's thermostat at no higher than 120 degrees Farenheit.     Preventing Baby Accidents Keep sharp objects (knives, scissors, tools, razors) and other hazardous items (coins, glass objects, beads, pins, medications) in a secure place out of baby's reach. NEVER shake a baby or throw your baby in the air. This can cause brain damage or blindness. Do not leave your baby alone with a young sibling or a pet, even when your baby is sleeping. Walkers are unsafe at any speed and at any age! Never put your child in a walker. Make sure that your baby cannot pull lamps or other electrical objects on top of him or herself. Use electrical tape to secure electrical cords along baseboards. Eliminate tablecloths that can be pulled from the table. Make sure all drawers have stops, so that your baby or toddler can't pull the drawer out on top of himself. Attach furniture to the wall so the pieces don’t fall over the child. Avoid electronics on top of higher dresser tables that can fall on the child.   Continued Baby Bathing Safety Always test the bath water to make sure it is not too hot before setting your baby in the water. Dipping your elbow in the water is a good way to test. Turn down your hot water heater to 120° F. Never leave your baby unattended in the bathtub or bath ring. It only takes a few seconds for a baby to drown. Store small appliances, such as hair dryers and radios, away from the water and bathing areas. Keep these appliances unplugged and out of reach when not in use.   Baby Toy Safety Inspect your child's toys often. Be sure that toys are unbreakable, do not come apart, do not have small parts that could be chewed or broken off, and are not sharp. The pieces/toys should be larger than your baby's mouth. Use toy chests without lids or with supports that hold a lid open in any position. Be cautious with balloons to prevent choking.   Baby Choking or Strangulation Prevention NEVER put strings or cords around your baby's neck (such as to hold a pacifier) or near baby's crib. Be cautious of strings or buttons on clothing; make sure they are not in danger of choking your baby. Secure cords on blinds and drapes out of reach to prevent accidental strangulation. Put away small objects -- even display items -- that can cause injury or choking if swallowed. Baby Feeding Safety Never prop up your baby's bottle and leave your baby unattended; your baby could choke. Do not put your baby to bed with a bottle. Avoid giving your child raw carrots, unpeeled apples, nuts, hard candies, and other foods that present a choking hazard. In a highchair, always use restraining straps that run around your child's waist and between his legs to keep him from sliding out. Continued Baby Sleeping Safety All infants should be put down for sleep on their backs to reduce the risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, also called SIDS. Give your baby a pacifier before he goes to sleep. This reduces the chance of SIDS. Avoid soft bedding that might suffocate your baby, such as pillows, blankets, plush toys, and bumpers in the crib. Crib slats should be 2 3/8 inches apart or less so head can't get trapped. Keep baby's room at a moderate temperature and dress them in a way that they can't overheat. This also reduces the risk of SIDS. Share a bedroom with your newborn -- but not a bed. Avoid devices marketed to reduce the risk of SIDS, such as sleep positioners. Nursing your baby and making sure that your baby gets all of the recommended vaccines can help protect against SIDS.  Don’t nurse in a chair or on a couch if you feel you might fall asleep. If you baby falls asleep in a car seat, swing or carrier, try to remove her and lay her on a flat surface. Try to have skin-to-skin contact with your baby.       Changing Table Safety Use a sturdy table. Always keep your hands and eyes on baby while he or she is on the changing table. Keep supplies within easy reach.   Baby Crawling and Walking Safety When your baby becomes mobile, here are important tips to keep your baby safe around your home: Put electrical outlet covers on all outlets. Secure electrical cords to baseboards. Install safety gates securely in front of stairs and basement doors. Avoid gates with diamond-shaped slats, which provide footholds for climbing toddlers. Instead, use gates with straight, vertical slats and a swinging door. Store cleaners and medications out of reach and in a locked cabinet. Never store toxic substances in bottles or jars that could be mistaken for food products. If there is a swimming pool in your backyard or your neighborhood, make sure it is surrounded by a fence and has a gate that latches or locks. Better yet, never leave your child unattended when outdoors. Keep your child away from moving machinery, including lawn mowers, overhead garage doors. Also keep kids away from driveways and streets. Going outside? Keep your baby in the shade, if possible. Their skin is thinner and more sensitive. Cover them up with clothes and a hat, limit their time in the sun (especially between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the sun is strongest), don’t let them get overheated, and get them out of the sun right away if they show any signs of sunburn or dehydration, including fussiness, redness, and excessive crying. Install safety locks on cabinets. Turn pot and pan handles on the stove in and cook on the back burners whenever possible. Establish the area in front of the stove as off limits while you are cooking. Keep the toilet lid down to prevent drowning and to keep the lid from slamming on your baby's head or hands. Consider installing toilet lid locks. Cushion hard edges and sharp corners of furniture. If possible, move sharp-edged pieces of furniture away from high traffic areas. Anchor down unsteady pieces of furniture, such as bookcases.   Continued Other Baby Safety Precautions Consider taking a certified CPR class if you are not already certified. You can find out about these classes from your local Red Cross or American Heart Association chapter. You may want to post a demonstration chart near your phone. Your baby's caregivers should be CPR-certified. Gather a list of emergency numbers and keep them by the phone. These numbers should include: your child's pediatrician, your health care provider, your family doctor, a 24-hour nurse-on-call number, the police department, the fire department, 911 reminder, and poison control. If a poison is swallowed, call the poison control center (throughout the USA, call 1-800-222-1222-- American Association of Poison Control Centers.) Keep poisonous house plants out of reach. For information about which plants are poisonous, contact your local county extension office. Beware of any device that claims to help prevent SIDS. Home monitors, wedges and positioners remain unproven. Name a guardian for your child. In the unfortunate event that something happens to you or your spouse, it's a good idea to have a will that names a legal guardian and alternate guardian for your child. Without a will, the court may appoint a guardian you would not have chosen. Be sure to check with the individuals named in your will to make sure they are willing to serve as your child's guardian. In your will, you can also leave assets to your child in the form of a testamentary, or ""after death"" trust.","{
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7,"2018-04-19 01:19:40","Back Pain",,"{
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8,"2018-04-20 02:37:15","Bacterial Arthritis","Arthritis, Infectious require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Important It is possible that the main title of the report Arthritis, Infectious is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Bacterial Arthritis Purulent Arthritis Pyarthrosis Pyogenic Arthritis Septic Arthritis Suppurative Arthritis Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Infectious arthritis is an inflammation of one or more joints that occurs as a result of infection by bacteria, viruses or, less frequently, fungi or parasites. The symptoms of Infectious arthritis depend upon which agent has caused the infection but symptoms often include fever, chills, general weakness, and headaches, followed by inflammation and painful swelling of one or more joints of the body. Most often, the infection begins at some other location in the body and travels via the bloodstream to the joint. Less commonly, the infection starts in the joint in the course of a surgical procedure, injection or other action. Resources Arthritis Foundation 1330 West Peachtree Street, Suite 100 Atlanta, GA 30309 USA Tel: (404)872-7100 Tel: (800)283-7800 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.arthritis.orgCenters for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE Atlanta, GA 30333 Tel: (404)639-3534 Tel: (800)232-4636 TDD: (888)232-6348 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/Arthritis Society 393 University Avenue Suite 1700 Toronto Ontario, M5G IE6 Canada Tel: 4169797228 Fax: 4169798366 Tel: 8003211433 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.arthritis.caNIH/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information Clearinghouse One AMS Circle Bethesda, MD 20892-3675 USA Tel: (301)495-4484 Fax: (301)718-6366 Tel: (877)226-4267 TDD: (301)565-2966 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center PO Box 8126 Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 Tel: (301)251-4925 Fax: (301)251-4911 Tel: (888)205-2311 TDD: (888)205-3223 Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/ For a Complete Report This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under ""Rare Disease Information"". The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians. It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder. For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email [email protected] Last Updated: 5/11/2009Copyright 1986, 1989, 1990, 1997, 1998, 2005, 2009 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.","{
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9,"2018-04-20 02:37:24","Bacterial Meningitis","Meningitis - Topic Overview require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Articles OnMeningitis Meningitis Meningitis Topic Overview Cause Symptoms What Happens What Increases Your Risk When To Call a Doctor Exams and Tests Treatment Overview Prevention Home Treatment Medications Other Treatment Other Places To Get Help Related Information References Credits What is meningitis? Meningitis is inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by an infection. The infection occurs most often in children, teens, and young adults. Also at risk are older adults and people who have long-term health problems, such as a weakened immune system. There are two main kinds of meningitis: Viral meningitis is fairly common. It usually doesn't cause serious illness. In severe cases, it can cause prolonged fever and seizures. Bacterial meningitis isn't as common, but it's very serious. It needs to be treated right away to prevent brain damage and death. What causes meningitis? Viral meningitis is caused by viruses. Bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria. Meningitis can also be caused by other organisms and some medicines, but this is rare. Meningitis is contagious. The germs that cause it can be passed from one person to another through coughing and sneezing and through close contact. What are the symptoms? The most common symptoms among teens and young adults are: A stiff and painful neck, especially when you try to touch your chin to your chest. Fever. Headache. Vomiting. Trouble staying awake. Seizures. Children, older adults, and people with other medical problems may have different symptoms: Babies may be cranky and refuse to eat. They may have a rash. They may cry when held. Young children may act like they have the flu. They may cough or have trouble breathing. Older adults and people with other medical problems may have only a slight headache and fever. It is very important to see a doctor right away if you or your child has these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell whether they are caused by viral or bacterial meningitis. And bacterial meningitis can be deadly if not treated right away. How is meningitis diagnosed? Your doctor will ask questions about your health, do an exam, and use one or more tests. Lumbar puncture is the most important lab test for meningitis. It is also called a spinal tap. A sample of fluid is removed from around the spine and tested to see if it contains organisms that cause the illness. Your doctor may also order other tests, such as blood tests, a CT scan, or an MRI. Continued How is it treated? Bacterial meningitis is treated with antibiotics in a hospital. You may also get dexamethasone, a type of steroid medicine. And you will be watched carefully to prevent serious problems such as hearing loss, seizures, and brain damage. But viral meningitis is more common, and most people with this form of the illness get better in about 2 weeks. With mild cases, you may only need home treatment. Home treatment includes taking medicine for fever and pain and drinking enough fluids to stay hydrated. Can meningitis be prevented? The best way to protect your child from meningitis is to make sure he or she gets all the standard immunizations for children. These include shots for measles, chickenpox, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) disease, and pneumococcal infection. Talk to your doctor about whether you or your child also needs the meningococcal vaccine, which is a shot to prevent bacterial meningitis. Two doses are recommended for all adolescents. And at least one dose is recommended for anyone 6 weeks of age and older who has immune system problems or a damaged or missing spleen. The vaccine is also needed for travel to countries known to have meningitis outbreaks, such as the countries in Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Frequently Asked Questions Learning about meningitis: What is meningitis? What causes it? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? Being diagnosed: How is meningitis diagnosed? How is a lumbar puncture used to diagnose meningitis? Getting treatment: How are bacterial and viral meningitis treated? What kinds of antibiotics are used to treat bacterial meningitis? Ongoing concerns: What complications can develop? What are the long-term problems that can occur?","{
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10,"2018-04-20 02:37:30","Bacterial Meningococcal Meningitis","An Overview of Meningococcal Meningitis require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); In this Article In this Article In this Article What Causes Meningococcal Meningitis? What Are the Symptoms of Meningococcal Meningitis? What's the Treatment for Meningococcal Meningitis? Are There Vaccines for Meningococcal Meningitis? Meningococcal meningitis is a rare but serious bacterial infection. It causes the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord to become inflamed. Each year, approximately 1,000 people in the U.S. get meningococcal disease, which includes meningitis and septicemia (blood infection). Meningococcal meningitis can be fatal or cause great harm without prompt treatment; as many as one out of five people who contract the infection have serious complications. According to the Centers for Disease Control, about 15% of those who survive are left with disabilities that include deafness, brain damage, and neurological problems. Here's what you need to know about the symptoms of meningococcal meningitis and ways to prevent and treat it. What Causes Meningococcal Meningitis? Bacteria and viruses are the two main causes of meningitis. The bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus, causes meningococcal meningitis. In children and teens, meningococcus is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis. In adults, it is the second most common cause. Meningococcal bacteria may cause infection in a part of the body -- the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or respiratory tract, for instance. For unknown reasons, the bacteria may then spread through the bloodstream to the nervous system. When it gets there, it causes meningococcal meningitis. Bacteria can also enter the nervous system directly after severe head trauma, surgery, or infection. Your risk for meningococcal meningitis increases if you are exposed to the bacterium that causes it. Your risk also increases if you've had a recent upper respiratory infection. Babies, children, and teens are at greatest risk. What Are the Symptoms of Meningococcal Meningitis? Symptoms of meningococcal meningitis may vary from case to case. The more common signs and symptoms include: General poor feeling Sudden high fever Severe, persistent headache Neck stiffness Nausea or vomiting Discomfort in bright lights Drowsiness or difficulty awakening Joint pain Confusion or other mental changes A reddish or purple skin rashis a very important sign to watch for. If it does not turn white when you press a glass against it, the rash may be a sign of blood poisoning. This is a medical emergency. Other symptoms of meningitis or blood poisoning may include: Tense or bulging soft spot (in babies) High-pitched or moaning cry (in babies) Stiff, jerky movements or floppiness (in babies or toddlers) Irritability Fast breathing Lethargy or excessive sleepiness Blotchy skin, turning pale or blue Shivering, or cold hands and feet Seizure Continued What's the Treatment for Meningococcal Meningitis? Meningococcal meningitis can cause death or serious complications, such as brain damage, paralysis, gangrene, or deafness. To prevent these problems, it's important to act quickly. Do not wait. Seek immediate medical attention. Go to an emergency room or call 911 if: You notice symptoms of meningococcal meningitis Symptoms do not improve with treatment You think you have been exposed to meningococcal meningitis Tests can confirm a diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis. The doctor may start antibiotics, such as penicillin or ceftriaxone, by an IV, or intravenous line. You or your child may also need other medication to treat problems related to increased spinal fluid pressure. Doctors sometimes prescribe steroids. If you or someone you love has come into close contact (via saliva or other oral secretions) with someone who has meningococcal meningitis -- such as at school, day care, work, or home -- it is very important to get antibiotics to prevent infection. Are There Vaccines for Meningococcal Meningitis? Meningococcal meningitis is a serious disease -- even with treatment. That's why prevention is a far better approach. The meningococcal vaccine can prevent meningitis infection. In the U.S., three types of meningococcal vaccines are used: Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) -- One of these vaccines, Menactra, is approved for people ages 9 months to 55. The other, Menveo, is used in those ages 2 through 55. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) -- This vaccine was approved in the 1970s and protects against most forms of meningococcal disease. This vaccine used is for people as young as 9 months and older than age 55. Serogroup B Meningococcal B - There are two MenB vaccines. Trumenba (MenB-FHbp) and Bexsero (MenB-4C). Both are licensed for ages 10-24 but can be used in older patients. Although they cannot prevent all types of meningococcal disease, both vaccines can prevent many types of the disease. Both are effective in nine out of 10 people. MCV4 tends to give longer protection and is better at preventing transmission of the disease. Doctors recommend a dose of MCV4, which is given as a shot, for children at age 11, and then a booster shot at age 16. If the first dose is missed, the MCV4 can be administered between ages 13 and 15, followed by a booster dose between ages 16 and 18.  Continued The Serogroup B Meningococcal B vaccine is recommended for ages 16 to 18. Other people at risk should also consider getting a vaccine. That includes: People who think they've been exposed to meningococcal meningitis College freshmen living in dorms U.S. military recruits Travelers to areas of the world, such as Africa, where meningococcal disease is common People with a damaged spleen or with terminal complement component deficiency, which is an immune system disorder Lab personnel who are often exposed to the meningococcal bacteria A second dose may be needed for people at high risk. Wait to get vaccinated if you are very ill at the time you're scheduled for the shot. Avoid the vaccine if you: Have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose Have a severe allergy to any vaccine component Have ever had Guillain-Barre Syndrome or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Mild pain or redness at the injection site is common and should not be a problem. But call your doctor right away if you have a strong reaction to the vaccine. This includes a high fever, weakness, or signs of an allergic reaction, such as trouble breathing, a fast heartbeat, or dizziness.","{
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11,"2018-04-20 02:37:33","Bacterial Vaginosis","Bacterial Vaginosis - Topic Overview require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Articles OnBacterial Vaginosis Bacterial Vaginosis Bacterial Vaginosis Topic Overview Cause Symptoms What Happens What Increases Your Risk When To Call a Doctor Exams and Tests Treatment Overview Prevention Home Treatment Medications Other Places To Get Help Related Information References Credits What is bacterial vaginosis? Bacterial vaginosis is a mild infection of the vagina caused by bacteria. Normally, there are a lot of ""good"" bacteria and some ""bad"" bacteria in the vagina. The good types help control the growth of the bad types. In women with bacterial vaginosis, the balance is upset. There are not enough good bacteria and too many bad bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis is usually a mild problem that may go away on its own in a few days. But it can lead to more serious problems. So it's a good idea to see your doctor and get treatment. What causes bacterial vaginosis? Experts are not sure what causes the bacteria in the vagina to get out of balance. But certain things make it more likely to happen. Your risk of getting bacterial vaginosis is higher if you: Have more than one sex partner or have a new sex partner. Douche. You may be able to avoid bacterial vaginosis if you limit your number of sex partners and don't douche or smoke. Bacterial vaginosis is more common in women who are sexually active. But it can occur if you are not sexually active as well. What are the symptoms? The most common symptom is a smelly vaginal discharge. It may look grayish white or yellow. A sign of bacterial vaginosis can be a ""fishy"" smell, which may be worse after sex. About half of women who have bacterial vaginosis do not notice any symptoms. Many things can cause abnormal vaginal discharge, including some sexually transmitted infections (STIs). See your doctor so you can be tested and get the right treatment. How is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed? Doctors diagnose bacterial vaginosis by asking about the symptoms, doing a pelvic exam, and taking a sample of the vaginal discharge. The sample can be tested to find out if you have bacterial vaginosis. What problems can bacterial vaginosis cause? Bacterial vaginosis usually does not cause other health problems. But in some cases it can lead to serious problems. If you have it when you are pregnant, it increases the risk of miscarriage, early (preterm) delivery, and uterine infection after pregnancy. If you have it when you have a pelvic procedure such as a cesarean section, an abortion, or a hysterectomy, you are more likely to get a pelvic infection. If you have it and you are exposed to a sexually transmitted infection (including HIV), you are more likely to catch the infection. Continued How is it treated? Doctors usually prescribe an antibiotic to treat bacterial vaginosis. They come as pills you swallow or as a cream or capsules (called ovules) that you put in your vagina. If you are pregnant, you will need to take pills. Bacterial vaginosis usually clears up in 2 or 3 days with antibiotics, but treatment goes on for 7 days. Do not stop using your medicine just because your symptoms are better. Be sure to take the full course of antibiotics. Antibiotics usually work well and have few side effects. But taking them can lead to a vaginal yeast infection. A yeast infection can cause itching, redness, and a lumpy, white discharge. If you have these symptoms, talk to your doctor about what to do. Frequently Asked Questions Learning about bacterial vaginosis: What is bacterial vaginosis? What causes it? What are the symptoms? What increases my risk? Are there risks related to bacterial vaginosis? Being diagnosed: How is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed? Getting treatment: How is bacterial vaginosis treated? What medicines are used to treat it? What can I do at home to prevent it?","{
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12,"2018-04-20 02:37:34","Bad or Changed Breath","Dental Health and Bad Breath require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); In this Article In this Article In this Article How Does What You Eat Affect Breath? Why Do Poor Habits Cause Bad Breath? What Health Problems Are Associated With Bad Breath? What Can I Do to Prevent Bad Breath? Who Treats Bad Breath? What Products Can I Use to Eliminate Bad Breath? Bad breath, medically called halitosis, can result from poor dental health habits and may be a sign of other health problems. Bad breath can also be made worse by the types of foods you eat and other unhealthy lifestyle habits. How Does What You Eat Affect Breath? Basically, all the food eaten begins to be broken down in your mouth.  If you eat foods with strong odors (such as garlic or onions), brushing and flossing -- even mouthwash -- merely covers up the odor temporarily. The odor will not go away completely until the foods have passed through your body. Why Do Poor Habits Cause Bad Breath? If you don't brush and floss teeth daily, food particles can remain in your mouth, promoting bacterial growth between teeth, around the gums, and on the tongue. This causes bad breath. Antibacterial mouth rinses also can help reduce bacteria. In addition, odor-causing bacteria and food particles can cause bad breath if dentures are not properly cleaned. Smoking or chewing tobacco-based products also can cause bad breath, stain teeth, reduce your ability to taste foods, and irritate your gums. What Health Problems Are Associated With Bad Breath? Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth may be a warning sign of gum (periodontal) disease. Gum disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on teeth. Bacteria cause the formation of toxins to form, which irritate the gums. If gum disease continues untreated, it can damage the gums and jawbone. Other dental causes of bad breath include poorly fitting dental appliances, yeast infections of the mouth, and dental caries (cavities). The medical condition dry mouth (also called xerostomia) also can cause bad breath. Saliva is necessary to moisten the mouth, neutralize acids produced by plaque, and wash away dead cells that accumulate on the tongue, gums, and cheeks. If not removed, these cells decompose and can cause bad breath. Dry mouth may be a side effect of various medications, salivary gland problems, or continuous breathing through the mouth. Many other diseases and illnesses may cause bad breath. Here are some to be aware of: respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis, chronic sinus infections, postnasal drip, diabetes, chronic acid reflux, and liver or kidney problems. Continued What Can I Do to Prevent Bad Breath? Bad breath can be reduced or prevented if you: Practice good oral hygiene. Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste to remove food debris and plaque. Brush teeth after you eat (keep a toothbrush at work or school to brush after lunch). Don't forget to brush the tongue, too. Replace your toothbrush every 2 to 3 months or after an illness. Use floss or an interdental cleaner to remove food particles and plaque between teeth once a day. Rinse with an antibacterial mouthwash twice a day. Dentures should be removed at night and cleaned thoroughly before being placed in your mouth the next morning. See your dentist regularly -- at least twice a year. He or she will conduct an oral exam and professional teeth cleaning and will be able to detect and treat periodontal disease, dry mouth, or other problems that may be the cause of bad mouth odor. Stop smoking and chewing tobacco-based products. Ask your dentist for tips on kicking the habit. Drink lots of water. This will keep your mouth moist. Chewing gum (preferably sugarless) or sucking on candy (preferably sugarless) also stimulates the production of saliva, which helps wash away food particles and bacteria. Gums and mints containing xylitol are best. Keep a log of the foods you eat. If you think they may be causing bad breath, bring the log to your dentist to review. Similarly, make a list of the medications you take. Some drugs may play a role in creating mouth odors. Who Treats Bad Breath? In most cases, your dentist can treat the cause of bad breath. If your dentist determines that your mouth is healthy and the odor is not of oral origin, you may be referred to your family doctor or to a specialist to determine the odor source and treatment plan. If the odor is due to gum disease, for example, your dentist can either treat the disease or refer you to a periodontist, a dentist who specializes in treating gum conditions. Continued What Products Can I Use to Eliminate Bad Breath? An antiseptic mouthwash can help eliminate bacteria that cause bad breath. Ask your dentist about which product is best for you.","{
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        ""category_1.ts"": ""2018-04-19 01:15:09"",
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13,"2018-04-20 02:37:35",BADS,"Oculocutaneous Albinism require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Important It is possible that the main title of the report Oculocutaneous Albinism is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms brown oculocutaneous albinism minimal pigment oculocutaneous albinism OCA1 OCA1A OCA1B OCA3 OCA4 oculocutaneous albinism type 1B platinum oculocutaneous albinism rufous oculocutaneous albinism temperature-sensitive oculocutaneous albinism tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism tyrosinase-related OCA yellow oculocutaneous albinism Disorder Subdivisions oculocutaneous albinism type 1A oculocutaneous albinism type 1B oculocutaneous albinism type 2 oculocutaneous albinism type 3 oculocutaneous albinism type 4 General Discussion Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare inherited disorders characterized by a reduced amount or complete lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. These conditions are caused by mutations in specific genes that are necessary for the production of melanin pigment in specialized cells called melanocytes. Absent or insufficient melanin pigment results abnormal development in the eyes resulting in vision abnormalities and light skin that is very susceptible to damage from the sun including skin cancer. Oculocutaneous albinism is inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic condition. Resources National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation PO Box 959 East Hempstead, NH 03826-0959 Tel: (603)887-2310 Fax: (800)648-2310 Tel: (800)473-2310 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.albinism.orgMarch of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue White Plains, NY 10605 Tel: (914)997-4488 Fax: (914)997-4763 Tel: (888)663-4637 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.marchofdimes.comAlbinism Fellowship P.O. Box 77 Burnley Lancashire, BB11 5GN United Kingdom Tel: 07919543518 Tel: 447919543518 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.albinism.org.ukNIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 31 Center Dr Building 31, Room 2A32 MSC2425 Bethesda, MD 20892 Fax: (866)760-5947 Tel: (800)370-2943 TDD: (888)320-6942 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.nichd.nih.gov/Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center PO Box 8126 Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 Tel: (301)251-4925 Fax: (301)251-4911 Tel: (888)205-2311 TDD: (888)205-3223 Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/ For a Complete Report This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under ""Rare Disease Information"". The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians. It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder. For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email [email protected] Last Updated: 5/25/2012Copyright 1985, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1999, 2007, 2008, 2012 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.","{
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        ""category_1.ts"": ""2018-04-19 01:15:09"",
        ""category_1.title"": ""b""
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14,"2018-04-20 02:37:39","Baillarger's Syndrome","Frey Syndrome require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Important It is possible that the main title of the report Frey Syndrome is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms auriculotermporal syndrome gustatory sweating Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Frey syndrome is a rare disorder that most often occurs as a result of surgery in the area near the parotid glands. The parotid glands are the largest salivary glands in the body located just below the ears on either side of the face. The main symptoms of Frey syndrome are undesirable sweating and flushing occurring on the cheek, temple (temporal region), or behind the ears (retroauricular region) after eating certain foods, especially those that produce a strong salivary response. Symptoms are often mild and well-tolerated. In some cases, symptoms may be more severe and therapy may be necessary. The exact underlying mechanisms that cause Frey syndrome are not fully understood. Frey syndrome most often occurs as a complication of surgery to the area of the face near the parotid glands. Resources NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke P.O. Box 5801 Bethesda, MD 20824 Tel: (301)496-5751 Fax: (301)402-2186 Tel: (800)352-9424 TDD: (301)468-5981 Internet: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center PO Box 8126 Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 Tel: (301)251-4925 Fax: (301)251-4911 Tel: (888)205-2311 TDD: (888)205-3223 Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/International Hyperhidrosis Society 2560 Township Road Suite B Quakertown, PA 18951 Tel: (610)346-6008 Fax: (610)346-6004 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.SweatHelp.org For a Complete Report This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under ""Rare Disease Information"". The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians. It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder. For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email [email protected] Last Updated: 1/14/2011Copyright 1986, 1987, 1988, 1993, 2000, 2011 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.","{
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        ""category_1.ts"": ""2018-04-19 01:15:09"",
        ""category_1.title"": ""b""
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15,"2018-04-19 01:19:40",Balance,,"{
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        ""category_1_x_health_topic.id"": 15,
        ""category_1.id"": 1,
        ""category_1.ts"": ""2018-04-19 01:15:09"",
        ""category_1.title"": ""b""
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16,"2018-04-20 02:37:44",Balantidiasis,"Balantidiasis require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Important It is possible that the main title of the report Balantidiasis is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Balantidiosis Balantidosis Ciliary Dysentery Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Balantidiasis is a rare intestinal infection caused by the bacterium, Balantidium coli, a single celled parasite (ciliate protozoan) that frequently infects pigs but on occasion (rarely) infects humans. Some infected people may have no symptoms or only mild diarrhea and abdominal discomfort but others may experience more severe symptoms reminiscent of an acute inflammation of the intestines. Symptoms of Balantidiasis may be similar to those of other infections that cause intestinal inflammation, for example, amoebic dysentery. Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE Atlanta, GA 30333 Tel: (404)639-3534 Tel: (800)232-4636 TDD: (888)232-6348 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Office of Communications and Government Relations 6610 Rockledge Drive, MSC 6612 Bethesda, MD 20892-6612 Tel: (301)496-5717 Fax: (301)402-3573 Tel: (866)284-4107 TDD: (800)877-8339 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/World Health Organization (WHO) Avenue Appia 20 Geneva 27, 1211 Switzerland Tel: 41227912111 Fax: 41227913111 Internet: http://www.who.int/en/Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center PO Box 8126 Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 Tel: (301)251-4925 Fax: (301)251-4911 Tel: (888)205-2311 TDD: (888)205-3223 Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/ For a Complete Report This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under ""Rare Disease Information"". The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians. It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder. For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email [email protected] Last Updated: 5/11/2009Copyright 1986, 1993, 2000, 2009 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.","{
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        ""category_1.id"": 1,
        ""category_1.ts"": ""2018-04-19 01:15:09"",
        ""category_1.title"": ""b""
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17,"2018-04-20 02:37:50",Baldness,"Understanding Hair Loss -- the Basics require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Articles OnHair Loss Hair Loss Hair Loss What Is Hair Loss? Signs Treatment Prevention Hair Loss In Women How to Care for Thinning Hair What Is Hair Loss?   Hair grows everywhere on the human skin except on the palms of our hands and the soles of our feet, but many hairs are so fine they're virtually invisible. Hair is made up of a protein called keratin that is produced in hair follicles in the outer layer of skin. As follicles produce new hair cells, old cells are being pushed out through the surface of the skin at the rate of about six inches a year. The hair you can see is actually a string of dead keratin cells. The average adult head has about 100,000 to 150,000 hairs and loses up to 100 of them a day; finding a few stray hairs on your hairbrush is not necessarily cause for alarm.   At any one time, about 90% of the hair on a person's scalp is growing. Each follicle has its own life cycle that can be influenced by age, disease, and a wide variety of other factors. This life cycle is divided into three phases:   Anagen -- active hair growth that lasts between two to six years Catagen -- transitional hair growth that lasts two to three weeks Telogen -- resting phase that lasts about two to three months; at the end of the resting phase the hair is shed and a new hair replaces it and the growing cycle starts again.   As people age, their rate of hair growth slows.   There are many types of hair loss, also called alopecia:   Involutional alopecia is a natural condition in which the hair gradually thins with age. More hair follicles go into the resting phase, and the remaining hairs become shorter and fewer in number. Androgenic alopecia is a genetic condition that can affect both men and women. Men with this condition, called male pattern baldness, can begin suffering hair loss as early as their teens or early 20s. It's characterized by a receding hairline and gradual disappearance of hair from the crown and frontal scalp. Women with this condition, called female pattern baldness, don't experience noticeable thinning until their 40s or later. Women experience a general thinning over the entire scalp, with the most extensive hair loss at the crown. Alopecia areata often starts suddenly and causes patchy hair loss in children and young adults. This condition may result in complete baldness (alopecia totalis). But in about 90% of people with the condition, the hair returns within a few years. Alopecia universalis causes all body hair to fall out, including the eyebrows, eyelashes, and pubic hair. Trichotillomania , seen most frequently in children, is a psychological disorder in which a person pulls out one's own hair. Telogen effluvium is temporary hair thinning over the scalp that occurs because of changes in the growth cycle of hair. A large number of hairs enter the resting phase at the same time, causing hair shedding and subsequent thinning. Scarring alopecias result in permanent loss of hair. Inflammatory skin conditions  (cellulitis, folliculitis, acne), and other skin disorders (such as some forms of lupus and lichen planus) often result in scars that destroy the ability of the hair to regenerate. Hot combs and hair too tightly woven and pulled can also result in permanent hair loss.     Continued What Causes Hair Loss? Doctors don't know why certain hair follicles are programmed to have a shorter growth period than others. However, several factors may influence hair loss:   Hormones, such as abnormal levels of androgens (male hormones normally produced by both men and women) Genes, from both male and female parents, may influence a person's predisposition to male or female pattern baldness. Stress, illness, and childbirthcan cause temporary hair loss. Ringworm caused by a fungal infection can also cause hair loss. Drugs, including chemotherapy drugs used in cancer treatment, blood thinners, beta-adrenergic blockers used to control blood pressure, and birth control pills, can cause temporary hair loss. Burns, injuries, and X-rays can cause temporary hair loss. In such cases, normal hair growth usually returns once the injury heals unless a scar is produced. Then, hair will never regrow. Autoimmune disease may cause alopecia areata. In alopecia areata, the immune system revs up for unknown reasons and affects the hair follicles. In most people with alopecia areata, the hair grows back, although it may temporarily be very fine and possibly a lighter color before normal coloration and thickness return. Cosmetic procedures, such as shampooing too often, perms, bleaching, and dyeing hair can contribute to overall hair thinning by making hair weak and brittle. Tight braiding, using rollers or hot curlers, and running hair picks through tight curls can also damage and break hair. However, these procedures don't cause baldness. In most instances hair grows back normally if the source of the problem is removed. Still, severe damage to the hair or scalp sometimes causes permanent bald patches. Medical conditions. Thyroid disease, lupus, diabetes, iron deficiency anemia, eating disorders, and anemia can cause hair loss. Most times, when the underlying condition is treated, the hair will return unless there is scarring as in some forms of lupus, lichen planus or follicular disorders. Diet. A low-protein diet or severely calorie-restricted diet can also cause temporary hair loss.  ","{
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        ""category_1.ts"": ""2018-04-19 01:15:09"",
        ""category_1.title"": ""b""
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18,"2018-04-20 02:37:56","Baller Gerold Syndrome","Baller Gerold Syndrome require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Important It is possible that the main title of the report Baller Gerold Syndrome is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Craniosynostosis with Radial Defects Craniosynostosis-Radial Aplasia Syndrome Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Baller-Gerold Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that is apparent at birth (congenital). The disorder is characterized by distinctive malformations of the skull and facial (craniofacial) area and bones of the forearms and hands. In infants with Baller-Gerold Syndrome, there is premature fusion of the fibrous joints (cranial sutures) between certain bones in the skull (craniosynostosis). As a result, the head may appear unusually short and wide and/or pointed at the top (turribrachycephaly) or relatively triangular in shape (trigonocephaly). Affected infants may also have a prominent forehead; downslanting eyelid folds (palpebral fissures), small, malformed (dysplastic), low-set ears, and/or other craniofacial abnormalities. Baller-Gerold Syndrome is also characterized by underdevelopment (hypoplasia) or absence (aplasia) of the bone on the thumb side of the forearms (radii). In addition, the bone on the ""pinky"" side of the forearms (ulnae) is unusually short and curved and the thumbs may be underdeveloped or absent. In some cases, additional physical abnormalities and/or mental retardation may also be present. Baller-Gerold Syndrome is thought to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Resources Children's Craniofacial Association 13140 Coit Road Suite 517 Dallas, TX 75240 USA Tel: (214)570-9099 Fax: (214)570-8811 Tel: (800)535-3643 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ccakids.comFACES: The National Craniofacial Association PO Box 11082 Chattanooga, TN 37401 Tel: (423)266-1632 Fax: (423)267-3124 Tel: (800)332-2373 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.faces-cranio.orgLet's Face It University of Michigan, School of Dentistry / Dentistry Library 1011 N. University Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078 USA Tel: (360)676-7325 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.dent.umich.edu/faceitAmeriFace P.O. Box 751112 Limekiln, PA 19535 USA Tel: (702)769-9264 Fax: (702)341-5351 Tel: (888)486-1209 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ameriface.orgGenetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center PO Box 8126 Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 Tel: (301)251-4925 Fax: (301)251-4911 Tel: (888)205-2311 TDD: (888)205-3223 Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Cleft Lip and Palate Foundation of Smiles 2044 Michael Ave SW Wyoming, MI 49509 Tel: (616)329-1335 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cleftsmile.org For a Complete Report This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under ""Rare Disease Information"". The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians. It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder. For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email [email protected] Last Updated: 8/17/2007Copyright 1992, 2000, 2006, 2007 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.","{
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        ""category_1.id"": 1,
        ""category_1.ts"": ""2018-04-19 01:15:09"",
        ""category_1.title"": ""b""
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19,"2018-04-20 02:37:59","Balo Disease","What Is Balo’s Disease? require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Articles OnConditions Related to MS Conditions Related to MS Conditions Related to MS Clinically Isolated Syndrome Clinically Isolated Syndrome vs. MS Demyelinating Disorders MS or ALS Transverse Myelitis Parkinson's or MS Gullian-Barre or MS Stroke or MS Sleep Apnea or MS Balo's Disease Schilder's Disease Most doctors think of Balo’s disease as a rare form of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS attacks and damages tissue in your brain and spinal cord, which causes lesions (areas of inflamed tissue). Balo’s disease damages that tissue, too, and it causes lesions in your brain and spinal cord. The difference is that the lesions caused by MS look like blotches or spots, but the ones caused by Balo’s disease look like bull's-eye marks. Because of this, Balo’s disease is sometimes known as Balo’s concentric sclerosis -- the bull's-eye-shaped scars are concentric rings. Another difference between the two conditions is that many people who have MS have periods of time when their symptoms let up. But most people who have Balo’s disease don’t get a break from their symptoms, and their health gets worse over time. Balo’s disease is most common among Asian people, especially people from China and the Philippines. Adults are more likely to get it than children, and it can affect both men and women. People often get the disease in their 30s. Symptoms Many signs of Balo’s disease are similar to MS symptoms. They can include: Headaches Seizures Muscle pain and spasms Muscle weakness Paralysis over time Trouble speaking Trouble thinking or understanding others Changes in behavior Causes Doctors aren’t sure what triggers Balo’s disease. They think it’s a type of autoimmune condition, which is when your body mistakenly attacks healthy tissue and makes it swollen or inflamed. Some people who get Balo’s disease have an illness with a high fever and severe headaches right before they notice other symptoms. Because of this, doctors think it may be linked to an infection, though no one knows for sure. Diagnosis Because Balo’s disease is very rare, it’s best to see a doctor who specializes in problems of the brain and nervous system (a neurologist). He’ll ask about your medical history and your symptoms. He’ll also give you a physical exam to see how well you move and if some of your muscles are weaker than others. And he’ll check to see how good your memory is and how well you speak. Continued He’ll probably also recommend a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of your brain and spinal cord to check for lesions. That uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make detailed pictures of the inside of your body. You also may have blood tests to check for an infection, or your doctor may take a small amount of spinal fluid from your lower back for testing. In some cases, your doctor might suggest an evoked potential (EP) test. A technician will put small patches on your scalp that connect wires to a machine that measures the activity in your brain. She’ll then ask you to watch, listen, or feel certain things (like light patterns, a series of clicks, or short electrical bursts) and see how your brain responds to them. Treatment There is no cure for Balo’s disease, and no medications have been designed to treat it. Your doctor may prescribe some of the same drugs used to treat MS along with steroids (corticosteroids) to help with swelling in your brain and spinal cord tissue. You also may get medicine to help ease pain or muscle problems, like weakness or spasms.","{
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        ""category_1.ts"": ""2018-04-19 01:15:09"",
        ""category_1.title"": ""b""
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20,"2018-04-20 02:38:04","Bancroftian Filariasis","Filariasis require.config({ paths: { ""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"": ""socialshareplugin/2/webmd.m.socialshareplugin.min"" } }); requirejs(['infnite-article/1/responsive-infinite-article.min']); $(function(){ require([""webmd.m.socialshareplugin"", ""css!socialshareplugin/2/socialshareplugin.min.css""], function(socialshare) { $("".module-social-share-container"").socialshareplugin({shareOrder: [""facebook"",""twitter"",""pinterest"",""save"",""email"",""print"",""listen""]}); }); }); Important It is possible that the main title of the report Filariasis is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Bancroftian Filariasis Filarial Elephantiasis Filariasis Malayi Malayi Tropical Eosinphilia Wuchereriasis Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Filariasis is an infectious tropical disease caused by any one of several thread-like parasitic round worms. The two species of worms most often associated with this disease are Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. The larval form of the parasite transmits the disease to humans by the bite of a mosquito. In the early stages of the infection, the patient characteristically complains of fever, chills, headaches and skin lesions. Any one of several antiparasitic agents may be effective in eliminating the worm. However, if the disease is left untreated, obstruction of the lymph flow will cause particular areas of the body especially the legs and external genitals, to swell profoundly. Symptoms are primarily a response to adult worms that cause inflammation. Chronic inflammation may progress to hardening of the lymphatic vessels (fibrosis) and obstruction of the lymph flow. Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE Atlanta, GA 30333 Tel: (404)639-3534 Tel: (800)232-4636 TDD: (888)232-6348 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Office of Communications and Government Relations 6610 Rockledge Drive, MSC 6612 Bethesda, MD 20892-6612 Tel: (301)496-5717 Fax: (301)402-3573 Tel: (866)284-4107 TDD: (800)877-8339 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/World Health Organization (WHO) Avenue Appia 20 Geneva 27, 1211 Switzerland Tel: 41227912111 Fax: 41227913111 Internet: http://www.who.int/en/Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center PO Box 8126 Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 Tel: (301)251-4925 Fax: (301)251-4911 Tel: (888)205-2311 TDD: (888)205-3223 Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/ For a Complete Report This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under ""Rare Disease Information"". The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians. It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder. For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email [email protected] Last Updated: 4/8/2009Copyright 1986, 1994, 1997, 2004, 2009 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.","{
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