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| disease.id | disease.ts | disease.title | disease.overview | disease.symptoms | disease.when_to_see_a_doctor | disease.causes | disease.risk_factors | disease.complications |
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| 1 | 2018-02-01 04:55:39 | Abdominal aortic aneurysm | Abdominal aortic aneurysmAbdominal aortic aneurysmAn abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs when a lower portion of your body's main artery (aorta) becomes weakened and bulges. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is an enlarged area in the lower part of the aorta, the | Abdominal aortic aneurysms often grow slowly and usually without symptoms, making them difficult to detect. Some aneurysms will never rupture. Many start small and stay small, although many expand over time. Others expand quickly. Predicting how fast an a | You should see your doctor if you have any of the symptoms listed above. The recommendations below are for those who have no symptoms. Because being male and smoking significantly increase the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm, men ages 65 to 75 who have | Most aortic aneurysms occur in the part of your aorta that's in your abdomen. Although the exact cause of abdominal aortic aneurysms is unknown, a number of factors may play a role, including: Tobacco use. Cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco use | Abdominal aortic aneurysm risk factors include: Age. Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur most often in people age 65 and older. Tobacco use. Tobacco use is a strong risk factor for the development of an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a higher risk of rupture. | Tears in one or more of the layers of the wall of the aorta (aortic dissection) or a ruptured aortic aneurysm are the main complications of abdominal aortic aneurysms. A ruptured aortic aneurysm can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding. In general, |
| 2 | 2018-02-01 04:55:41 | Bartholin's cyst | Bartholin's cystBartholin's cystThe Bartholin's glands are located on each side of the vaginal opening. They secrete fluid that helps lubricate the vagina. Sometimes the ducts of these glands become obstructed and fluid backs up, forming a cyst. The Barth | If you have a small, noninfected Bartholin's cyst, you may not notice it. If the cyst grows, you might feel a lump or mass near your vaginal opening. Although a cyst is usually painless, it can be tender. A full-blown infection of a Bartholin's cyst can o | Call your doctor if you have a painful lump near the opening of your vagina that doesn't improve after two or three days of self-care — for instance, soaking the area in warm water (sitz bath). If the pain is severe, make an appointment with your doctor r | Experts believe that the cause of a Bartholin's cyst is a backup of fluid. Fluid may accumulate when the opening of the gland (duct) becomes obstructed, perhaps caused by infection or injury. A Bartholin's cyst can become infected, forming an abscess. A n | A Bartholin's cyst or abscess may recur and again require treatment. PreventionThere's no way to prevent a Bartholin's cyst. However, practicing safe sex — in particular, using a condom — and maintaining good hygiene habits may help to prevent infection o | |
| 3 | 2018-02-01 04:55:42 | Absence seizure | Absence seizures involve brief, sudden lapses of consciousness. They're more common in children than in adults. Someone having an absence seizure may look like he or she is staring blankly into space for a few seconds. Then, there is a quick return to a n | Many children appear to have a genetic predisposition to absence seizures. In general, seizures are caused by abnormal electrical impulses from nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. The brain's nerve cells normally send electrical and chemical signals acros | Certain factors are common to children who have absence seizures, including: Age. Absence seizures are more common in children between the ages of 4 and 14. Sex. Absence seizures are more common in girls. Family members who have seizures. Nearly half of c | While most children outgrow absence seizures, some: Must take anti-seizure medications throughout life to prevent seizures Eventually have full convulsions, such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures Other complications can include: Learning difficulties B | ||
| 4 | 2018-02-01 04:55:45 | Acanthosis nigricans | Acanthosis nigricansAcanthosis nigricansAcanthosis nigricans is a skin condition that causes a dark discoloration in body folds and creases. It typically affects the armpits, groin and neck. Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition characterized by areas | Skin changes are the only signs of acanthosis nigricans. You'll notice dark, thickened, velvety skin in body folds and creases — typically in your armpits, groin and back of the neck. The skin changes usually appear slowly. The affected skin may also have | Consult your doctor if you notice changes in your skin — especially if the changes appear suddenly. You may have an underlying condition that needs treatment. | Acanthosis nigricans has been associated with: Insulin resistance. Most people who have acanthosis nigricans have also become resistant to insulin. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that allows your body to process sugar. Insulin resistance is | Acanthosis nigricans risk factors include: Obesity. The heavier you are, the higher your risk of acanthosis nigricans. Race. Studies show that in the United States, acanthosis nigricans is more common among Native Americans. Family history. Some types of | People who have acanthosis nigricans are much more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. |
| 5 | 2018-02-01 04:55:46 | Achalasia | Achalasia is a rare disorder that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass into your stomach. Achalasia occurs when nerves in the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus) become damaged. As a result, the esophagus loses the ability to sque | |||||
| 6 | 2018-02-01 04:55:48 | Achilles tendinitis | Achilles tendinitis is an overuse injury of the Achilles (uh-KILL-eez) tendon, the band of tissue that connects calf muscles at the back of the lower leg to your heel bone. Achilles tendinitis most commonly occurs in runners who have suddenly increased th | Achilles tendinitisAchilles tendinitisAchilles tendinitis is an overuse injury of the Achilles (uh-KILL-eez) tendon, the band of tissue that connects calf muscles at the back of the lower leg to your heel bone. The pain associated with Achilles tendinitis | If you experience persistent pain around the Achilles tendon, call your doctor. Seek immediate medical attention if the pain or disability is severe. You may have a torn (ruptured) Achilles tendon. | Achilles tendinitis is caused by repetitive or intense strain on the Achilles tendon, the band of tissue that connects your calf muscles to your heel bone. This tendon is used when you walk, run, jump or push up on your toes. The structure of the Achilles | A number of factors may increase your risk of Achilles tendinitis, including: Your sex. Achilles tendinitis occurs most commonly in men. Age. Achilles tendinitis is more common as you age. Physical problems. A naturally flat arch in your foot can put more | Achilles tendinitis can weaken the tendon, making it more vulnerable to a tear (rupture) — a painful injury that usually requires surgical repair. PreventionWhile it may not be possible to prevent Achilles tendinitis, you can take measures to reduce your |
| 7 | 2018-02-01 04:55:53 | Achilles tendon rupture | Achilles tendon ruptureAchilles tendon ruptureThe Achilles tendon is a strong fibrous cord that connects the muscles in the back of your calf to your heel bone. If you overstretch your Achilles tendon, it can tear (rupture). Achilles (uh-KILL-eez) tendon | Your Achilles tendon helps you point your foot downward, rise on your toes and push off your foot as you walk. You rely on it virtually every time you walk and move your foot. Rupture usually occurs in the section of the tendon situated within 2 1/2 inche | Factors that may increase your risk of Achilles tendon rupture include: Age. The peak age for Achilles tendon rupture is 30 to 40. Sex. Achilles tendon rupture is up to five times more likely to occur in men than in women. Recreational sports. Achilles te | |||
| 8 | 2018-02-01 04:55:56 | Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | How heartburn and GERD occurHow heartburn and GERD occurAcid reflux occurs when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of your esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into your esophagus. This can cause heartburn and other sig | Seek immediate medical care if you have chest pain, especially if you also have shortness of breath, or jaw or arm pain. These may be signs and symptoms of a heart attack. Make an appointment with your doctor if you: Experience severe or frequent GERD sym | GERD is caused by frequent acid reflux. When you swallow, a circular band of muscle around the bottom of your esophagus (lower esophageal sphincter) relaxes to allow food and liquid to flow into your stomach. Then the sphincter closes again. If the sphinc | Conditions that can increase your risk of GERD include: Obesity Bulging of the top of the stomach up into the diaphragm (hiatal hernia) Pregnancy Connective tissue disorders, such as scleroderma Delayed stomach emptying | Over time, chronic inflammation in your esophagus can cause: Narrowing of the esophagus (esophageal stricture). Damage to the lower esophagus from stomach acid causes scar tissue to form. The scar tissue narrows the food pathway, leading to problems with | |
| 9 | 2018-02-01 04:55:57 | Infant reflux | How infant reflux occursHow infant reflux occursIf the muscle (lower esophageal sphincter) between the esophagus and the stomach relaxes at the wrong time, stomach contents might flow up the baby's esophagus. Infant reflux occurs when food backs up (reflu | Infant reflux generally isn't a cause for concern. It's very unusual for the stomach contents to have enough acid to irritate the throat or esophagus and to cause signs and symptoms. | See your baby's doctor if your baby: Isn't gaining weight Consistently spits up forcefully, causing stomach contents to shoot out of his or her mouth (projectile vomiting) Spits up green or yellow fluid Spits up blood or a material that looks like coffee | In infants, the ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach — the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) — is not yet fully mature. That allows stomach contents to flow backward. Eventually, the LES will open only when your baby swallows and will remai | Infant reflux usually clears up by itself without causing problems for your baby. If your baby has a more-serious condition such as GERD, he or she might show signs of poor growth. Some research indicates that babies who have frequent episodes of spitting | |
| 10 | 2018-02-01 04:56:00 | ACL injury | ACL injuryACL injuryThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the key ligaments that help stabilize your knee joint. The ACL connects your thighbone (femur) to your shinbone (tibia). It's most commonly torn during sports that involve sudden stops and | Seek immediate care if any injury to your knee causes signs or symptoms of an ACL injury. The knee joint is a complex structure of bones, ligaments, tendons and other tissues that work together. It's important to get a prompt and accurate diagnosis to det | Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that connect one bone to another. The ACL, one of two ligaments that cross in the middle of the knee, connects your thighbone (femur) to your shinbone (tibia) and helps stabilize your knee joint. Most ACL injuries happ | Women are more likely to have an ACL injury than are men who participate in the same sports. Studies have suggested some reasons for these differences in risk. In general, women athletes exhibit a strength imbalance in their thighs with the muscles at the | People who experience an ACL injury are at higher risk of developing knee osteoarthritis, in which joint cartilage deteriorates and its smooth surface roughens. Arthritis may occur even if you have surgery to reconstruct the ligament. Multiple factors lik | |
| 11 | 2018-02-01 04:56:02 | Acne | Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It often causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples, and usually appears on the face, forehead, chest, upper back and shoulders. Acne is most common a | Common acneCommon acneAcne occurs when the openings of hair follicles become clogged and blocked with oil secretions and dead skin cells. If the clogged pore becomes infected with bacteria, inflammation results. Cystic acneCystic acneCystic acne — the mos | If self-care remedies don't clear your acne, see your primary care doctor. He or she can prescribe stronger medications. If acne persists or is severe, you may want to seek medical treatment from a doctor who specializes in the skin (dermatologist). For m | Four main factors cause acne: Excess oil production Hair follicles clogged by oil and dead skin cells Bacteria Excess activity of a type of hormone (androgens) Acne typically appears on your face, forehead, chest, upper back and shoulders because these ar | Risk factors for acne include: Age. People of all ages can get acne, but it's most common in teenagers. Hormonal changes. Such changes are common in teenagers, women and girls, and people using certain medications, including those containing corticosteroi | |
| 12 | 2018-02-01 04:56:05 | Acoustic neuroma | Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) An acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) is a benign tumor that develops on the balance (vestibular) and hearing, or auditory (cochlear) nerves leading from your inner ea | The cause of acoustic neuromas appears to be a malfunctioning gene on chromosome 22. Normally, this gene produces a tumor suppressor protein that helps control the growth of Schwann cells covering the nerves. What makes this gene malfunction isn't clear, | Autosomal dominant inheritance patternAutosomal dominant inheritance patternIn an autosomal dominant disorder, the mutated gene is a dominant gene located on one of the nonsex chromosomes (autosomes). You need only one mutated gene to be affected by this | An acoustic neuroma may cause a variety of permanent complications, including: Hearing loss Facial numbness and weakness Difficulties with balance Ringing in the ear Large tumors may press on your brainstem, preventing the normal flow of fluid between you | ||
| 13 | 2018-02-01 04:56:06 | HIV/AIDS | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause dise | The symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary, depending on the phase of infection. | If you think you may have been infected with HIV or are at risk of contracting the virus, see a health care provider as soon as possible. | HIV is caused by a virus. It can spread through sexual contact or blood, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breast-feeding. How does HIV become AIDS?HIV destroys CD4 T cells — white blood cells that play a large role in helping your b | When HIV/AIDS first appeared in the United States, it mainly affected men who had sex with men. However, now it's clear that HIV also spreads through heterosexual sex. Anyone of any age, race, sex or sexual orientation can be infected. However, you're at | HIV infection weakens your immune system, making you much more likely to develop numerous infections and certain types of cancers. Infections common to HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis (TB). In resource-limited nations, TB is the most common opportunistic infection |
| 14 | 2018-02-01 04:56:09 | Acromegaly | Person with acromegalyPerson with acromegalyAcromegaly is a disorder characterized by an enlarged face and hands. As the face changes shape, the jaw may protrude, the nose may enlarge, and the lips may thicken. Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that devel | If you have signs and symptoms associated with acromegaly, contact your doctor for an evaluation. Acromegaly usually develops slowly, and even your family members may not initially notice the gradual physical changes that occur with this disorder. Early d | Pituitary gland and hypothalamusPituitary gland and hypothalamusThe pituitary gland and the hypothalamus are situated within the brain and control hormone production. Acromegaly is caused by the pituitary gland overproducing growth hormone (GH) over time. | Progression of acromegaly can result in major health problems. Complications may include: High blood pressure (hypertension) Cardiovascular disease, particularly enlargement of the heart (cardiomyopathy) Osteoarthritis Diabetes mellitus Goiter Precancerou | ||
| 15 | 2018-02-01 04:56:11 | Actinic keratosis | Actinic keratosisActinic keratosisActinic keratoses are scaly spots or patches on the top layer of skin. With time the spots or patches may become hard with a wart-like surface. An actinic keratosis (ak-TIN-ik ker-uh-TOE-sis) is a rough, scaly patch on yo | An actinic keratosis is caused by frequent or intense exposure to UV rays, from the sun or from tanning beds. | Anyone can develop actinic keratoses. But you may be more likely to develop the condition if you: Are older than 40 Live in a sunny climate Have a history of frequent or intense sun exposure or sunburn Have red or blond hair, and blue or light-colored eye | If treated early, almost all actinic keratoses can be cleared up or removed before they develop into skin cancer. If left untreated, some of these spots may progress to squamous cell carcinoma — a type of cancer that usually isn't life-threatening if dete | ||
| 16 | 2018-02-01 04:56:13 | Acute coronary syndrome | Acute coronary syndrome is a term used to describe a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. One condition under the umbrella of acute coronary syndrome is myocardial infarction (heart attack) — when cell death results | Acute coronary syndrome usually results from the buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) in and on the walls of coronary arteries, the blood vessels delivering oxygen and nutrients to heart muscles. When a plaque deposit ruptures or splits, a blood clot forms | The risk factors for acute coronary syndrome are the same as those for other types of heart disease. Acute coronary syndrome risk factors include: Older age (older than 45 for men and older than 55 for women) High blood pressure High blood cholesterol Cig | |||
| 17 | 2018-02-01 04:56:17 | Sweet's syndrome | Sweet's syndromeSweet's syndromeSweet's syndrome is an uncommon skin condition marked by a distinctive eruption of tiny bumps that enlarge and are often tender to the touch, usually appearing on your back, neck, arms or face. Sweet's syndrome is a rare sk | In most cases, the cause of Sweet's syndrome isn't known. Sweet's syndrome is sometimes associated with cancer, most often leukemia. Occasionally, this disorder may be associated with a solid tumor, such as breast or colon cancer. Sweet's syndrome may als | Sweet's syndrome is uncommon, but certain factors increase your risk, including: Sex. In general, women are more likely to have Sweet's syndrome than are men. Age. Though older adults and even infants can develop Sweet's syndrome, the condition mainly aff | There is a risk of the skin lesions becoming infected. Follow your doctor's recommendations for caring for the affected skin. In cases where Sweet's syndrome is associated with cancer, the eruptions of the lesions may be the first sign of cancer either ap | ||
| 18 | 2018-02-01 04:56:20 | Guillain-Barre syndrome | Nerve and damaged myelin sheathNerve and damaged myelin sheathGuillain-Barre syndrome destroys the protective covering of the peripheral nerves (myelin sheath), preventing the nerves from transmitting signals to the brain. Guillain-Barre (gee-YAH-buh-RAY) | Guillain-Barre syndrome often begins with tingling and weakness starting in your feet and legs and spreading to your upper body and arms. In about half of people with the disorder, symptoms begin in the arms or face. As Guillain-Barre syndrome progresses, | Call your doctor if you have mild tingling in your toes or fingers that doesn't seem to be spreading or getting worse. Seek emergency medical help if you have any of these severe signs or symptoms: Tingling that started in your feet or toes and is now mov | The exact cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome isn't known. The disorder usually appears days or weeks after a respiratory or digestive tract infection. Rarely, recent surgery or immunization can trigger Guillain-Barre syndrome. Recently, there have been a fe | Guillain-Barre syndrome can affect all age groups. But you're at slightly greater risk if: You're a man You're a young adult | Guillain-Barre syndrome affects your nerves. Because nerves control your movements and body functions, people with Guillain-Barre may experience: Breathing difficulties. The weakness or paralysis can spread to the muscles that control your breathing, a po |
| 19 | 2018-02-01 04:56:23 | Acute kidney failure | Kidney cross sectionKidney cross sectionYour blood flows through your kidneys, which are the key organs in the complex system that removes excess fluid and waste material from the blood. Blood that flows into your kidneys is diffused through filtering str | Signs and symptoms of acute kidney failure may include: Decreased urine output, although occasionally urine output remains normal Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet Drowsiness Shortness of breath Fatigue Confusion Nausea Seizur | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms of acute kidney failure. | Acute kidney failure can occur when: You have a condition that slows blood flow to your kidneys You experience direct damage to your kidneys Your kidneys' urine drainage tubes (ureters) become blocked and wastes can't leave your body through your urine Im | Acute kidney failure almost always occurs in connection with another medical condition or event. Conditions that can increase your risk of acute kidney failure include: Being hospitalized, especially for a serious condition that requires intensive care Ad | Potential complications of acute kidney failure include: Fluid buildup. Acute kidney failure may lead to a buildup of fluid in your lungs, which can cause shortness of breath. Chest pain. If the lining that covers your heart (pericardium) becomes inflamed |
| 21 | 2018-02-01 04:56:26 | Acute liver failure | Acute liver failure is loss of liver function that occurs rapidly — in days or weeks — usually in a person who has no pre-existing liver disease. Acute liver failure is less common than chronic liver failure, which develops more slowly. Acute liver failur | Acute liver failure can develop quickly in an otherwise healthy person, and it is life-threatening. If you or someone you know suddenly develops a yellowing of the eyes or skin; tenderness in the upper abdomen; or any unusual changes in mental state, pers | Acute liver failure occurs when liver cells are damaged significantly and are no longer able to function. Potential causes include: Acetaminophen overdose. Taking too much acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) is the most common cause of acute liver failure in | Acute liver failure often causes complications, including: Excessive fluid in the brain (cerebral edema). Too much fluid causes pressure to build up in your brain. Bleeding and bleeding disorders. A failing liver cannot make enough clotting factors, which | ||
| 22 | 2018-02-01 04:56:28 | Acute lymphocytic leukemia | Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made. The word "acute" in acute lymphocytic leukemia comes from the fact that the disease progresses rapidly and creat | Make an appointment with your doctor or your child's doctor if you notice any persistent signs and symptoms that concern you. Many signs and symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia mimic those of the flu. However, flu signs and symptoms eventually improve. | Acute lymphocytic leukemia occurs when a bone marrow cell develops errors in its DNA. The errors tell the cell to continue growing and dividing, when a healthy cell would normally stop dividing and eventually die. When this happens, blood cell production | Factors that may increase the risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia include: Previous cancer treatment. Children and adults who've had certain types of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for other kinds of cancer may have an increased risk of developing acut | ||
| 25 | 2018-02-01 04:56:31 | Acute myelogenous leukemia | Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made. The word "acute" in acute myelogenous leukemia denotes the disease's rapid progression. It's called myelogenous (my-uh-L | Make an appointment with a doctor if you develop any signs or symptoms that seem unusual or that worry you. | Acute myelogenous leukemia is caused by damage to the DNA of developing cells in your bone marrow. When this happens, blood cell production goes wrong. The bone marrow produces immature cells that develop into leukemic white blood cells called myeloblasts | Factors that may increase your risk of acute myelogenous leukemia include: Increasing age. The risk of acute myelogenous leukemia increases with age. Acute myelogenous leukemia is most common in adults age 65 and older. Your sex. Men are more likely to de | ||
| 26 | 2018-02-01 04:56:34 | Radiation sickness | Radiation sickness is damage to your body caused by a large dose of radiation often received over a short period of time (acute). The amount of radiation absorbed by the body — the absorbed dose — determines how sick you'll be. Radiation sickness is also | The severity of signs and symptoms of radiation sickness depends on how much radiation you've absorbed. How much you absorb depends on the strength of the radiated energy and the distance between you and the source of radiation. Signs and symptoms also ar | An accident or attack that causes radiation sickness would no doubt cause a lot of attention and public concern. If such an event occurs, monitor radio, television or online reports to learn about emergency instructions for your area. If you know you've b | Radiation is the energy released from atoms as either a wave or a tiny particle of matter. Radiation sickness is caused by exposure to a high dose of radiation, such as a high dose of radiation received during an industrial accident. Common exposures to l | Radiation exposure that causes immediate radiation sickness significantly increases a person's risk of developing leukemia or cancer later in life. Having radiation sickness could also contribute to both short-term and long-term mental health problems, su | |
| 28 | 2018-02-01 04:56:37 | ARDS | Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. The fluid keeps your lungs from filling with enough air, which means less oxygen reaches your bloodstream. This deprives your org | Bronchioles and alveoliBronchioles and alveoliYour bronchioles are some of the smallest airways in your lungs. Inhaled air passes through tiny ducts from the bronchioles into elastic air sacs (alveoli). The alveoli are surrounded by the alveolar-capillary | Most people who develop ARDS are already hospitalized for another condition, and many are critically ill. You're especially at risk if you have a widespread infection in your bloodstream (sepsis). People who have a history of chronic alcoholism are at hig | If you have ARDS, you can develop other medical problems while in the hospital. The most common problems are: Blood clots. Lying still in the hospital while you're on a ventilator can increase your risk of developing blood clots, particularly in the deep | ||
| 29 | 2018-02-01 04:56:38 | Acute sinusitis | Acute sinusitis (acute rhinosinusitis) causes the cavities around your nasal passages (sinuses) to become inflamed and swollen. This interferes with drainage and causes mucus to build up. With acute sinusitis, it might be difficult to breathe through your | Most people with acute sinusitis don't need to see a doctor. Contact your doctor if you have any of the following: Symptoms that either don't improve within a few days or worsen A persistent fever A history of recurrent or chronic sinusitis | Acute sinusitis is most often caused by the common cold, which is a viral infection. In some cases, a bacterial infection develops. | You may be at increased risk of getting sinusitis if you have: Hay fever or another allergic condition that affects your sinuses A nasal passage abnormality, such as a deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps or tumors A medical condition such as cystic fibros | Acute sinusitis complications are uncommon. If they occur, they might include: Chronic sinusitis. Acute sinusitis may be a flare-up of a long-term problem known as chronic sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks. Meningitis. This infection | |
| 30 | 2018-02-01 04:56:41 | Alcohol use disorder | Alcohol use disorder (which includes a level that's sometimes called alcoholism) is a pattern of alcohol use that involves problems controlling your drinking, being preoccupied with alcohol, continuing to use alcohol even when it causes problems, having t | Alcohol use disorder can be mild, moderate or severe, based on the number of symptoms you experience. Signs and symptoms may include: Being unable to limit the amount of alcohol you drink Wanting to cut down on how much you drink or making unsuccessful at | If you feel that you sometimes drink too much alcohol, or it's causing problems, or your family is concerned about your drinking, talk with your doctor. Other ways to get help include talking with a mental health provider or seeking help from a support gr | Genetic, psychological, social and environmental factors can impact how drinking alcohol affects your body and behavior. Theories suggest that for certain people drinking has a different and stronger impact that can lead to alcohol use disorder. Over time | Risk factors for alcohol use disorder include: Steady drinking over time. Drinking too much on a regular basis for an extended period or binge drinking on a regular basis can lead to alcohol-related problems or alcohol use disorder. Age. People who begin | Alcohol depresses your central nervous system. In some people, the initial reaction may be stimulation. But as you continue to drink, you become sedated. Too much alcohol affects your speech, muscle coordination and vital centers of your brain. A heavy dr |
| 31 | 2018-02-01 04:56:44 | Drug addiction (substance use disorder) | Drug addiction, also called substance use disorder, is a disease that affects a person's brain and behavior and leads to an inability to control the use of a legal or illegal drug or medication. Substances such as alcohol, marijuana and nicotine also are | Drug addiction symptoms or behaviors include, among others: Feeling that you have to use the drug regularly — daily or even several times a day Having intense urges for the drug that block out any other thoughts Over time, needing more of the drug to get | If your drug use is out of control or causing problems, get help. The sooner you seek help, the greater your chances for a long-term recovery. Talk with your primary doctor or see a mental health professional, such as a doctor who specializes in addiction | Like many mental health disorders, several factors may contribute to development of drug addiction. The main factors are: Environment. Environmental factors, including your family's beliefs and attitudes and exposure to a peer group that encourages drug u | People of any age, sex or economic status can become addicted to a drug. Certain factors can affect the likelihood and speed of developing an addiction: Family history of addiction. Drug addiction is more common in some families and likely involves geneti | Drug use can have significant and damaging short-term and long-term effects. Taking some drugs can be particularly risky, especially if you take high doses or combine them with other drugs or alcohol. Here are some examples. Methamphetamine, opiates and c |
| 32 | 2018-02-01 04:56:48 | Compulsive gambling | Compulsive gambling, also called gambling disorder, is the uncontrollable urge to keep gambling despite the toll it takes on your life. Gambling means that you're willing to risk something you value in the hope of getting something of even greater value. | Exactly what causes someone to gamble compulsively isn't well-understood. Like many problems, compulsive gambling may result from a combination of biological, genetic and environmental factors. | Although most people who play cards or wager never develop a gambling problem, certain factors are more often associated with compulsive gambling: Mental health disorders. People who gamble compulsively often have substance abuse problems, personality dis | Compulsive gambling can have profound and long-lasting consequences for your life, such as: Relationship problems Financial problems, including bankruptcy Legal problems or imprisonment Poor work performance or job loss Poor general health Suicide, suicid | ||
| 33 | 2018-02-01 04:56:49 | Nicotine dependence | Nicotine dependence ― also called tobacco dependence ― is an addiction to tobacco products caused by the drug nicotine. Nicotine dependence means you can't stop using the substance, even though it's causing you harm. Nicotine produces physical and mood-al | $(document).ready(function () { $('.video a.transcript').on('click', function () { $(this).next('.transcript').toggle(); return false; }) }); Transcript In many people, nicotine from cigarettes stimulates receptors in the brain to release dopamine, trigge | Anyone who smokes or uses other forms of tobacco is at risk of becoming dependent. Factors that influence who will use tobacco include: Genetics. The likelihood that you will start smoking and keep smoking may be partly inherited — genetic factors may inf | Tobacco smoke contains more than 60 known cancer-causing chemicals and thousands of other harmful substances. Even "all natural" or herbal cigarettes have chemicals that are harmful to your health. Smoking harms almost every organ of your body and impairs | ||
| 35 | 2018-02-01 04:56:50 | Addison's disease | Addison's disease is a disorder that occurs when your body produces insufficient amounts of certain hormones produced by your adrenal glands. In Addison's disease, your adrenal glands produce too little cortisol and often insufficient levels of aldosteron | Addison's disease symptoms usually develop slowly, often over several months, and may include: Extreme fatigue Weight loss and decreased appetite Darkening of your skin (hyperpigmentation) Low blood pressure, even fainting Salt craving Low blood sugar (hy | See your doctor if you have signs and symptoms that commonly occur in people with Addison's disease, such as: Darkening areas of skin (hyperpigmentation) Severe fatigue Unintentional weight loss Gastrointestinal problems, such as nausea, vomiting and abdo | Adrenal glandsAdrenal glandsPerched on top of each of your kidneys, your adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure and other essential functions. Although small, these glands dictate much of what hap | ||
| 36 | 2018-02-01 04:56:51 | Mesenteric lymphadenitis | MesenteryMesenteryThe mesentery is a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall and holds it in place. Mesenteric lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes in the mesentery. Lymphadenitis is a condition in which your lymp | The most common cause of swollen mesenteric lymphadenitis is a viral infection, such as gastroenteritis — often called stomach flu. This infection causes the lymph nodes in the mesentery — the thin tissue that attaches your intestine to the back of your a | If swollen lymph nodes are caused by a serious bacterial infection that isn't treated, the bacteria could spread to your bloodstream, causing a potentially life-threatening infection (sepsis). | |||
| 37 | 2018-02-01 04:56:53 | Adenomyosis | AdenomyosisAdenomyosisWith adenomyosis, the same tissue that lines the uterus (endometrial tissue) is present within and grows into the muscular walls of your uterus. Adenomyosis (ad-uh-no-my-O-sis) occurs when endometrial tissue, which normally lines the | Sometimes, adenomyosis is silent — causing no signs or symptoms — or only mildly uncomfortable. In other cases, adenomyosis may cause: Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding Severe cramping or sharp, knifelike pelvic pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea) | If you have prolonged, heavy bleeding or severe cramping during your periods — and it interferes with your regular activities — make an appointment to see your doctor. | The cause of adenomyosis isn't known. Expert theories about a possible cause include: Invasive tissue growth. Some experts believe that adenomyosis results from the direct invasion of endometrial cells from the lining of the uterus into the muscle that fo | Risk factors for adenomyosis include: Prior uterine surgery, such as a C-section or fibroid removal Childbirth Middle age | If you often have prolonged, heavy bleeding during your periods, chronic anemia may result. Anemia causes fatigue and other health problems. See your doctor if you suspect you may have anemia. Although not harmful, the pain and excessive bleeding associat |
| 38 | 2018-02-01 04:56:54 | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often continues into adulthood. ADHD includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and imp | The primary features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder include inattention and hyperactive-impulsive behavior. ADHD symptoms start before age 12, and in some children, they're noticeable as early as 3 years of age. ADHD symptoms can be mild, mod | If you're concerned that your child shows signs of ADHD, see your pediatrician or family doctor. Your doctor may refer you to a specialist, but it's important to have a medical evaluation first to check for other possible causes of your child's difficulti | While the exact cause of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is not clear, research efforts continue. Factors that may be involved in the development of ADHD include: Genetics. ADHD can run in families, and studies indicate that genes may play a role | Risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may include: Blood relatives, such as a parent or sibling, with ADHD or another mental health disorder Exposure to environmental toxins — such as lead, found mainly in paint and pipes in older buil | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder can make life difficult for children. Children with ADHD: Often struggle in the classroom, which can lead to academic failure and judgment by other children and adults Tend to have more accidents and injuries of al |
| 39 | 2018-02-01 04:56:56 | Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder that includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. Adult ADHD can lead to unstable relationships, | Some people with ADHD have fewer symptoms as they age, but some adults continue to have major symptoms that interfere with daily functioning. In adults, the main features of ADHD may include difficulty paying attention, impulsiveness and restlessness. Sym | If any of the symptoms listed above continually disrupt your life, talk to your doctor about whether you might have ADHD. Different types of health care professionals may diagnose and supervise treatment for ADHD. Seek a provider who has training and expe | While the exact cause of ADHD is not clear, research efforts continue. Factors that may be involved in the development of ADHD include: Genetics. ADHD can run in families, and studies indicate that genes may play a role. Environment. Certain environmental | Risk of ADHD may increase if: You have blood relatives, such as a parent or sibling, with ADHD or another mental health disorder Your mother smoked, drank alcohol or used drugs during pregnancy As a child, you were exposed to environmental toxins — such a | ADHD can make life difficult for you. ADHD has been linked to: Poor school or work performance Unemployment Trouble with the law Alcohol or other substance abuse Frequent car accidents or other accidents Unstable relationships Poor physical and mental hea |
| 40 | 2018-02-01 04:56:56 | Frozen shoulder | Frozen shoulderFrozen shoulderFrozen shoulder occurs when the connective tissue enclosing the joint becomes thickened and tight. Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in your shoulder joint. | Frozen shoulder typically develops slowly, and in three stages. Each stage can last a number of months. Freezing stage. Any movement of your shoulder causes pain, and your shoulder's range of motion starts to become limited. Frozen stage. Pain may begin t | The bones, ligaments and tendons that make up your shoulder joint are encased in a capsule of connective tissue. Frozen shoulder occurs when this capsule thickens and tightens around the shoulder joint, restricting its movement. Doctors aren't sure why th | Certain factors may increase your risk of developing frozen shoulder. Age and sex People 40 and older, particularly women, are more likely to have frozen shoulder. Immobility or reduced mobility People who've had prolonged immobility or reduced mobility o | ||
| 41 | 2018-02-01 04:56:59 | Adjustment disorders | Adjustment disorders are stress-related conditions. You experience more stress than would normally be expected in response to a stressful or unexpected event, and the stress causes significant problems in your relationships, at work or at school. Work pro | Adjustment disorders are caused by significant changes or stressors in your life. Genetics, your life experiences, and your temperament may increase your likelihood of developing an adjustment disorder. | Some things may make you more likely to have an adjustment disorder. Stressful events Stressful life events — both positive and negative — may put you at risk of developing an adjustment disorder. For example: Divorce or marital problems Relationship or i | If adjustment disorders do not resolve, they can eventually lead to more serious mental health problems such as anxiety disorders, depression or substance abuse. PreventionThere are no guaranteed ways to prevent adjustment disorders. But developing health | ||
| 42 | 2018-02-01 04:57:02 | Adnexal tumors | Female reproductive systemFemale reproductive systemThe ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina (vaginal canal) make up the female reproductive system. Adnexal tumors are growths that form on the organs and connective tissues around the uterus | |||||
| 43 | 2018-02-01 04:57:03 | Childhood schizophrenia | Childhood schizophrenia is an uncommon but severe mental disorder in which children interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia involves a range of problems with thinking (cognitive), behavior or emotions. It may result in some combination of hallucinatio | It's not known what causes childhood schizophrenia, but it's thought that it develops in the same way as adult schizophrenia does. Researchers believe that a combination of genetics, brain chemistry and environment contributes to development of the disord | Although the precise cause of schizophrenia isn't known, certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing or triggering schizophrenia, including: Having a family history of schizophrenia Increased immune system activation, such as from inflammation | Left untreated, childhood schizophrenia can result in severe emotional, behavioral and health problems. Complications associated with schizophrenia may occur in childhood or later, such as: Suicide, suicide attempts and thoughts of suicide Self-injury Anx | ||
| 44 | 2018-02-01 04:57:04 | Adrenal cancer | Adrenal glandsAdrenal glandsPerched on top of each of your kidneys, your adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure and other essential functions. Although small, these glands dictate much of what hap | |||||
| 45 | 2018-02-01 04:57:07 | Pheochromocytoma | Pheochromocytoma and irregular blood pressurePheochromocytoma and irregular blood pressureA pheochromocytoma can cause wild fluctuations in blood pressure with normal blood pressure in between spells. This can make the condition more difficult to detect. | Endocrine systemEndocrine systemThe endocrine system includes the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (in females) and testicles (in males). Researchers don't know what causes a pheochromocytoma. The tumor | Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIB (MEN IIB)Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIB (MEN IIB)Pheochromocytoma can occur in the inherited syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIB (MEN IIB). In addition to pheochromocytoma, people with MEN IIB als | High blood pressure can damage multiple organs, particularly tissues of the cardiovascular system, brain and kidneys. Untreated, high blood pressure associated with pheochromocytomas can result in a number of critical conditions, including: Heart disease | ||
| 47 | 2018-02-01 04:57:10 | Benign adrenal tumors | Benign adrenal tumors are noncancerous masses that form in the adrenal glands. As part of your endocrine system, the adrenal glands produce hormones that give instructions to virtually every organ and tissue in your body. You have two adrenal glands, one | |||||
| 48 | 2018-02-01 04:57:12 | Adrenoleukodystrophy | Adrenoleukodystrophy (uh-dree-noh-loo-koh-DIS-truh-fee) is a type of hereditary (genetic) condition that damages the membrane that insulates nerve cells in your brain (myelin sheath). In adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), your body can't break down very long-cha | |||||
| 50 | 2018-02-01 04:57:13 | Adult Still's disease | Adult Still's disease is a rare type of inflammatory arthritis that features fevers, rash and joint pain. Some people have just one episode of adult Still's disease. In other people, the condition persists or recurs. This inflammation can destroy affected | It's not certain what causes adult Still's disease. Some researchers suspect the condition might be triggered by a viral or bacterial infection. | Age is the main risk factor for adult Still's disease, with incidence peaking twice: once from 15 to 25 years and again from 36 to 46 years. Males and females are equally at risk. ComplicationsMost complications from adult Still's disease arise from chron | Most complications from adult Still's disease arise from chronic inflammation of organs and joints. Joint destruction. Chronic inflammation can damage your joints. The most commonly involved joints are your knees and wrists. Your neck, foot, finger and hi | ||
| 51 | 2018-02-01 04:57:14 | Age spots (liver spots) | Age spots on the shoulder and backAge spots on the shoulder and backIf you have fair skin and spend a lot of time in the sun, you're more likely to develop age spots — areas of increased pigmentation. Age spots — also called liver spots and solar lentigin | Age spots are caused by overactive pigment cells. Ultraviolet (UV) light accelerates the production of melanin. On the areas of skin that have had years of frequent and prolonged sun exposure, age spots appear when melanin becomes "clumped" or is produced | Anyone can develop age spots, but you may be more likely to develop the condition if you: Have red hair and light skin Have a history of frequent or intense sun exposure or sunburn | |||
| 52 | 2018-02-01 04:57:18 | Macular degeneration, dry | Vision with macular degenerationVision with macular degenerationAs macular degeneration develops, clear, normal vision (shown left) becomes impaired by a general haziness. With advanced macular degeneration, a blind spot typically forms at the center of y | Inner eyeInner eyeYour eye is a complex and compact structure measuring about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter. It receives millions of pieces of information about the outside world, which are quickly processed by your brain. No one knows exactly what | Factors that may increase your risk of macular degeneration include: Age. This disease is most common in people over 65. Family history and genetics. This disease has a hereditary component. Researchers have identified several genes that are related to de | People whose dry macular degeneration has progressed to central vision loss may experience depression or visual hallucinations. And dry macular degeneration may progress to wet macular degeneration, which can cause rapid vision loss if left untreated. Pre | ||
| 53 | 2018-02-01 04:57:19 | Macular degeneration, wet | Vision with macular degenerationVision with macular degenerationAs macular degeneration develops, clear, normal vision (shown left) becomes impaired by a general haziness. With advanced macular degeneration, a blind spot typically forms at the center of y | Inner eyeInner eyeYour eye is a complex and compact structure measuring about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter. It receives millions of pieces of information about the outside world, which are quickly processed by your brain. No one knows the exact ca | Factors that may increase your risk of macular degeneration include: Age. This disease is most common in people over 65. Family history. This disease has a hereditary component. Researchers have identified several genes related to developing the condition | People whose wet macular degeneration has progressed to central vision loss may experience depression or visual hallucinations (Charles Bonnet syndrome). PreventionThe following measures may help reduce your risk of developing wet macular degeneration: Ha | ||
| 54 | 2018-02-01 04:57:20 | Myelofibrosis | Myelofibrosis is a serious bone marrow disorder that disrupts your body's normal production of blood cells. The result is extensive scarring in your bone marrow, leading to severe anemia, weakness, fatigue and often an enlarged spleen. Myelofibrosis is an | Myelofibrosis occurs when blood stem cells develop a genetic mutation. Blood stem cells have the ability to replicate and divide into the multiple specialized cells that make up your blood — red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. It's not clear | Although the cause of myelofibrosis often isn't known, certain factors are known to increase your risk: Age. Myelofibrosis can affect anyone, but it's most often diagnosed in people older than 50. Another blood cell disorder. A small portion of people wit | Complications that may result from myelofibrosis include: Increased pressure on blood flowing into your liver. Normally, blood flow from the spleen enters your liver through a large blood vessel called the portal vein. Increased blood flow from an enlarge | ||
| 55 | 2018-02-01 04:57:22 | Agoraphobia | Agoraphobia (ag-uh-ruh-FOE-be-uh) is a type of anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed. You fear an actual or anticipated situation, such as using p | Biology — including health conditions and genetics — temperament, environmental stress and learning experiences may all play a role in the development of agoraphobia. | Agoraphobia can begin in childhood, but usually starts in the late teen or early adult years — usually before age 35 — but older adults can also develop it. Women are diagnosed with agoraphobia more often than men are. Risk factors for agoraphobia include | Agoraphobia can greatly limit your life's activities. If your agoraphobia is severe, you may not even be able to leave your home. Without treatment, some people become housebound for years. You may not be able to visit with family and friends, go to schoo | ||
| 58 | 2018-02-01 04:57:24 | Airplane ear | Airplane ear is the stress exerted on your eardrum and other middle ear tissues when the air pressure in your middle ear and the air pressure in the environment are out of balance. You may experience airplane ear at the beginning of a flight when the airp | Airplane ear can occur in one or both ears. Airplane ear signs and symptoms may include: Moderate discomfort or pain in your ear Feeling of fullness or stuffiness in your ear Muffled hearing or slight to moderate hearing loss If airplane ear is severe or | Usually you can do things on your own to treat airplane ear. If discomfort, fullness or muffled hearing lasts more than a few hours or if you experience any severe signs or symptoms, call your doctor. | Middle earMiddle earMiddle earThe middle ear includes three small bones — the hammer, anvil and stirrup. The middle ear is separated from your external ear by the eardrum and connected to the back of your nose and throat by a narrow passageway called the | Any condition that blocks the eustachian tube or limits its function can increase the risk of airplane ear. Common risk factors include: A small eustachian tube, especially in infants and toddlers The common cold Sinus infection Hay fever (allergic rhinit | Airplane ear usually isn't serious and responds to self-care. Long-term complications may occur when the condition is serious or prolonged or if there's damage to middle or inner ear structures. Rare complications may include: Permanent hearing loss Ongoi |
| 59 | 2018-02-01 04:57:27 | Albinism | Albinism includes a group of inherited disorders that are characterized by little or no production of the pigment melanin. The type and amount of melanin your body produces determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes. Most people with albinism are se | Signs of albinism are usually, but not always, apparent in a person's skin, hair and eye color. However, all people with the disorder experience vision problems. | If your child lacks pigment in his or her hair or skin at birth that affects the eyelashes and eyebrows — as is often the case in infants with albinism — your doctor will likely order an eye exam and closely follow any changes in your child's pigmentation | Skin anatomySkin anatomyYour skin has three layers that house your sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, melanocytes, and blood vessels. Albinism is caused by a mutation in one of several genes. Each of these genes provides instructions for making one of | Complications of albinism include skin disorders as well as social and emotional challenges. Skin disorders One of the most serious complications associated with albinism is the risk of sunburn and skin cancer. Social and emotional factors The reactions o | |
| 61 | 2018-02-01 04:57:29 | Alcohol intolerance | Alcohol intolerance can cause immediate, unpleasant reactions after you drink alcohol. The most common signs and symptoms of alcohol intolerance are stuffy nose and skin flushing. Alcohol intolerance is caused by a genetic condition in which the body is u | You may not need to see a doctor if you have a mild intolerance to alcohol or something else in alcoholic beverages. You may simply need to avoid alcohol, limit how much you drink or avoid certain types of alcoholic beverages. However, if you have a serio | Alcohol intolerance occurs when your body doesn't have the proper enzymes to break down (metabolize) the toxins in alcohol. This is caused by inherited (genetic) traits usually found in Asians. Other ingredients commonly found in alcoholic beverages, espe | Risk factors for alcohol intolerance or other reactions to alcoholic beverages include: Being of Asian descent Having asthma or hay fever (allergic rhinitis) Having an allergy to grains or to another food Having Hodgkins lymphoma | Depending on the cause, complications of alcohol intolerance or other reactions to alcoholic beverages can include: Migraines. Drinking alcohol can trigger migraines in some people, possibly as a result of histamines contained in some alcoholic beverages. | |
| 62 | 2018-02-01 04:57:30 | Alcohol poisoning | Alcohol poisoning is a serious — and sometimes deadly — consequence of drinking large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time. Drinking too much too quickly can affect your breathing, heart rate, body temperature and gag reflex and potentially lead t | Alcohol in the form of ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is found in alcoholic beverages, mouthwash, cooking extracts, some medications and certain household products. Ethyl alcohol poisoning generally results from drinking too many alcoholic beverages, especially | A number of factors can increase your risk of alcohol poisoning, including: Your size and weight Your overall health Whether you've eaten recently Whether you're combining alcohol with other drugs The percentage of alcohol in your drinks The rate and amou | Severe complications can result from alcohol poisoning, including: Choking. Alcohol may cause vomiting. Because it depresses your gag reflex, this increases the risk of choking on vomit if you've passed out. Stopping breathing. Accidentally inhaling vomit | ||
| 64 | 2018-02-01 04:57:31 | Alcoholic hepatitis | The liverThe liverThe liver is your largest internal organ. About the size of a football, it's located mainly in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and above your stomach, but a small portion extends into the upper left quadran | Alcoholic hepatitis is a serious disease. Up to 30 to 40 percent of people with severe alcoholic hepatitis can die within one month. See your doctor if: You have any signs or symptoms of alcoholic hepatitis You feel you can't control your drinking You wou | Alcoholic hepatitis develops when the alcohol that you drink damages your liver. Just how alcohol damages the liver — and why it does so only in some heavy drinkers — isn't clear. It is known that: The body's process for breaking down alcohol produces hig | The major risk factor for alcoholic hepatitis is the amount of alcohol you consume. The amount of alcohol intake that puts a person at risk of alcoholic hepatitis isn't known. But most people with the condition have a history of drinking more than 3.4 oun | Esophageal varicesEsophageal varicesEsophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus. They're often due to obstructed blood flow through the portal vein, which carries blood from the intestine, pancreas and spleen to the liver. Normal liver vs. live | |
| 65 | 2018-02-01 04:57:33 | Fetal alcohol syndrome | Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother's pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome causes brain damage and growth problems. The problems caused by fetal alcohol syndrome vary from child to child, but | The severity of fetal alcohol syndrome symptoms varies, with some children experiencing them to a far greater degree than others. Signs and symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome may include any mix of physical defects, intellectual or cognitive disabilities, | If you're pregnant and can't stop drinking, ask your obstetrician, primary care doctor or mental health professional for help. Because early diagnosis may help reduce the risk of long-term problems for children with fetal alcohol syndrome, let your child' | When you're pregnant and you drink alcohol: Alcohol enters your bloodstream and reaches your developing fetus by crossing the placenta Alcohol causes higher blood alcohol concentrations in your developing baby than in your body because a fetus metabolizes | The more alcohol you drink during pregnancy, the greater the chance of problems in your baby. There's no known safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. You could put your baby at risk even before you realize you're pregnant. Don't drink alcoho | Problem behaviors not present at birth that can result from having fetal alcohol syndrome (secondary disabilities) may include: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Aggression, inappropriate social conduct, and breaking rules and laws Alcohol o |
| 67 | 2018-02-01 04:57:36 | Primary aldosteronism | Adrenal glandsAdrenal glandsPerched on top of each of your kidneys, your adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure and other essential functions. Although small, these glands dictate much of what hap | Common conditions causing the overproduction of aldosterone include: A benign growth in an adrenal gland (aldosterone-producing adenoma) — a condition also known as Conn's syndrome Overactivity of both adrenal glands (idiopathic hyperaldosteronism) In rar | Primary aldosteronism can lead to high blood pressure and low potassium levels. These complications in turn can lead to other problems. Problems related to high blood pressure Persistently elevated blood pressure can lead to problems with your heart and k | |||
| 68 | 2018-02-01 04:57:38 | Churg-Strauss syndrome | Churg-Strauss syndrome is a disorder marked by blood vessel inflammation. This inflammation can restrict blood flow to vital organs and tissues, sometimes permanently damaging them. This condition is also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis (gran-u-low-m | The exact cause of Churg-Strauss syndrome is unknown. It's likely that an overactive immune system response is triggered by a combination of genes and environmental factors, such as allergens or certain medications. Instead of simply protecting against in | Possible risk factors for Churg-Strauss syndrome include: Age. On average, people with Churg-Strauss syndrome are diagnosed between 30 and 50 years of age. History of asthma or nasal problems. Most people diagnosed with Churg-Strauss syndrome have a histo | Churg-Strauss syndrome can affect many organs, including your lungs, skin, gastrointestinal system, kidneys, muscles, joints and heart. Without treatment, the disease may be fatal. Complications depend on the organs involved and may include: Peripheral ne | ||
| 70 | 2018-02-01 04:57:41 | Allergies | Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance — such as pollen, bee venom or pet dander — or a food that doesn't cause a reaction in most people. Your immune system produces substances known as antibodies. When you have allergies, | You might see a doctor if you have symptoms you think are caused by an allergy, and over-the-counter allergy medications don't provide enough relief. If you have symptoms after starting a new medication, call the doctor who prescribed it right away. For a | An allergy starts when your immune system mistakes a normally harmless substance for a dangerous invader. The immune system then produces antibodies that remain on the alert for that particular allergen. When you're exposed to the allergen again, these an | You might be more likely to develop an allergy if you: Have a family history of asthma or allergies, such as hay fever, hives or eczema Are a child Have asthma or another allergic condition | Having an allergy increases your risk of certain other medical problems, including: Anaphylaxis. If you have severe allergies, you're at increased risk of this serious allergy-induced reaction. Foods, medications and insect stings are the most common trig | |
| 71 | 2018-02-01 04:57:44 | Hay fever | Hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis, causes cold-like signs and symptoms, such as a runny nose, itchy eyes, congestion, sneezing and sinus pressure. But unlike a cold, hay fever isn't caused by a virus. Hay fever is caused by an allergic response to | See your doctor if: You can't find relief from your hay fever symptoms Allergy medications don't provide relief or cause annoying side effects You have another condition that can worsen hay fever symptoms, such as nasal polyps, asthma or frequent sinus in | When you have hay fever, your immune system identifies a harmless airborne substance as harmful. Your immune system then produces antibodies to this harmless substance. The next time you come in contact with the substance, these antibodies signal your imm | The following can increase your risk of developing hay fever: Having other allergies or asthma Having atopic dermatitis (eczema) Having a blood relative (such as a parent or sibling) with allergies or asthma Living or working in an environment that consta | Problems that may be associated with hay fever include: Reduced quality of life. Hay fever can interfere with your enjoyment of activities and cause you to be less productive. For many people, hay fever symptoms lead to absences from work or school. Poor | |
| 73 | 2018-02-01 04:57:45 | Dust mite allergy | Dust mite allergy is an allergic reaction to tiny bugs that commonly live in house dust. Signs of dust mite allergy include those common to hay fever, such as sneezing and runny nose. Many people with dust mite allergy also experience signs of asthma, suc | Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance such as pollen, pet dander or dust mites. Your immune system produces proteins known as antibodies that protect you from unwanted invaders that could make you sick or cause an infection | The following factors increase your risk of developing a dust mite allergy: Having a family history of allergies. You're more likely to develop a sensitivity to dust mites if several members of your family have allergies. Exposure to dust mites. Being exp | If you have a dust mite allergy, exposure to the mites and their debris can cause complications. Sinus infections. Ongoing (chronic) inflammation of tissues in the nasal passages caused by dust mite allergy can obstruct your sinuses, the hollow cavities c | ||
| 74 | 2018-02-01 04:57:45 | Egg allergy | Eggs are one of the most common allergy-causing foods for children. Egg allergy symptoms usually occur a few minutes to a few hours after eating eggs or foods containing eggs. Signs and symptoms range from mild to severe and can include skin rashes, hives | Egg allergy reactions vary from person to person and usually occur soon after exposure to egg. Egg allergy symptoms can include: Skin inflammation or hives — the most common egg allergy reaction Nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing (allergic rhinitis | See a doctor if you or your child has signs or symptoms of a food allergy shortly after eating eggs or an egg-containing product. If possible, see the doctor when the allergic reaction is occurring. This may help in making a diagnosis. If you or your chil | An immune system overreaction causes food allergies. For egg allergy, the immune system mistakenly identifies certain egg proteins as harmful. When you or your child comes in contact with egg proteins, immune system cells (antibodies) recognize them and s | Certain factors can increase the risk of developing an egg allergy: Atopic dermatitis. Children with this type of skin reaction are much more likely to develop a food allergy than are children who don't have skin problems. Family history. You're at increa | The most significant complication of egg allergy is having a severe allergic reaction requiring an epinephrine injection and emergency treatment. The same immune system reaction that causes egg allergy can also cause other conditions. If you or your child |
| 75 | 2018-02-01 04:57:46 | Food allergy | Food allergy is an immune system reaction that occurs soon after eating a certain food. Even a tiny amount of the allergy-causing food can trigger signs and symptoms such as digestive problems, hives or swollen airways. In some people, a food allergy can | When you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly identifies a specific food or a substance in food as something harmful. In respose, your immune system triggers cells to release an antibody known as immunoglobulin E (IgE) to neutralize the alle | Food allergy risk factors include: Family history. You're at increased risk of food allergies if asthma, eczema, hives or allergies such as hay fever are common in your family. Other allergies. If you're already allergic to one food, you may be at increas | Complications of food allergy can include: Anaphylaxis. This is a life-threatening allergic reaction. Atopic dermatitis (eczema). Food allergy may cause a skin reaction, such as eczema. PreventionThe best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to know and | ||
| 76 | 2018-02-01 04:57:49 | Latex allergy | Latex allergy is a reaction to certain proteins found in natural rubber latex, a product made from the rubber tree. If you have a latex allergy, your body mistakes latex for a harmful substance. Latex allergy may cause itchy skin and hives or even anaphyl | If you're allergic to latex, you're likely to have symptoms after touching latex rubber products, such as gloves or balloons. You can also have symptoms if you breathe in latex particles that are released into the air when someone removes latex gloves. La | Seek emergency medical care if you are having or think you're having an anaphylactic reaction. If you have less severe reactions after exposure to latex, talk to your doctor. If possible, see your doctor when you're reacting, which will aid in diagnosis. | Contact dermatitis on the faceContact dermatitis on the faceContact dermatitis usually affects areas of skin directly exposed to an offending substance. Here, the dry, red rash is likely caused by cosmetics or soap. Poison ivy blistersPoison ivy blistersB | Certain people are at greater risk of developing a latex allergy: People with spina bifida. The risk of latex allergy is highest in people with spina bifida — a birth defect that affects the development of the spine. People with this disorder often are ex | |
| 77 | 2018-02-01 04:57:52 | Milk allergy | Milk allergy, one of the most common food allergies in children, is an abnormal response by the body's immune system to milk and products containing milk. Cow's milk is the usual cause, but milk from sheep, goats, buffalo and other mammals also can cause | Milk allergy symptoms, which differ from person to person, occur a few minutes to a few hours after drinking milk or eating milk products. Immediately after consuming milk, signs and symptoms of a milk allergy might include: Hives Wheezing Vomiting Signs | All true food allergies are caused by an immune system malfunction. Your immune system identifies certain milk proteins as harmful, triggering the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to neutralize the protein (allergen). The next time you come | Certain factors may increase the risk of developing a milk allergy: Other allergies. Many children allergic to milk also have other allergies. Milk allergy is often the first to develop. Atopic dermatitis. Children who have atopic dermatitis — a common, c | Children who are allergic to milk are more likely to develop certain other health problems, including: Allergies to other foods — such as eggs, soy, peanuts or even beef Hay fever — a common reaction to pet dander, dust mites, grass pollen and other subst | |
| 78 | 2018-02-01 04:57:54 | Mold allergy | If you have a mold allergy, your immune system overreacts when you breathe in mold spores. A mold allergy can make you cough, make your eyes itch and cause other symptoms that make you miserable. In some people, mold allergy is linked to asthma and exposu | Mold allergy causes the same signs and symptoms that occur in other types of upper respiratory allergies. Signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis caused by mold allergy can include: Sneezing Runny or stuffy nose Cough and postnasal drip Itchy eyes, nose a | If you have a stuffy nose, sneezing, watery eyes, shortness of breath, wheezing or other bothersome symptoms that persist, see your doctor. | Like any allergy, mold allergy symptoms are triggered by an overly sensitive immune system response. When you inhale tiny, airborne mold spores, your body recognizes them as foreign invaders and develops allergy-causing antibodies to fight them. After the | A number of factors can make you more likely to develop a mold allergy or worsen your existing mold allergy symptoms, including: Having a family history of allergies. If allergies and asthma run in your family, you're more likely to develop a mold allergy | Most allergic responses to mold involve hay fever-type symptoms that can make you miserable but aren't serious. However, certain allergic conditions caused by mold are more severe. These include: Mold-induced asthma. In people allergic to mold, breathing |
| 79 | 2018-02-01 04:57:56 | Nickel allergy | Nickel allergy is a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis — an itchy rash that appears where your skin touches a usually harmless substance. Nickel allergy is often associated with earrings and other jewelry. But nickel can be found in many everyday | An allergic reaction (contact dermatitis) usually begins within hours to days after exposure to nickel. The reaction may last as long as two to four weeks. The reaction tends to occur only where your skin came into contact with nickel, but sometimes may a | If you have a skin rash and don't know how you got it, talk to your doctor. If you've already been diagnosed with nickel allergy and are sure you're reacting to nickel exposure, use the over-the-counter treatments and home remedies your doctor has previou | Nickel allergyNickel allergyNickel allergy is a condition in which contact with items containing nickel causes an itchy rash and possibly blisters at the site of contact. The top photo shows a positive patch test (on the left), after a patch containing ni | Certain factors may increase your risk of developing a nickel allergy, including: Having ear or body piercings. Because nickel is common in jewelry, nickel allergy is most often associated with earrings and other body-piercing jewelry containing nickel. W | |
| 80 | 2018-02-01 04:57:59 | Peanut allergy | Peanut allergy is one of the most common causes of severe allergy attacks. Peanut allergy symptoms can be life-threatening (anaphylaxis). For some people with peanut allergy, even tiny amounts of peanuts can cause a serious reaction. Peanut allergy has be | Talk to your doctor if you have had any signs or symptoms of peanut allergy. Seek emergency treatment if you have a severe reaction to peanuts, especially if you have any signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis. Call 911 or your local emergency number if you or | Peanut allergy occurs when your immune system mistakenly identifies peanut proteins as something harmful. Direct or indirect contact with peanuts causes your immune system to release symptom-causing chemicals into your bloodstream. Exposure to peanuts can | It isn't clear why some people develop allergies while others don't. However, people with certain risk factors have a greater chance of developing peanut allergy. Peanut allergy risk factors include: Age. Food allergies are most common in children, especi | Complications of peanut allergy can include anaphylaxis. Children and adults who have a severe peanut allergy are especially at risk of having this life-threatening reaction. | |
| 81 | 2018-02-01 04:58:01 | Penicillin allergy | Penicillin allergy is an abnormal reaction of your immune system to the antibiotic drug penicillin. Penicillin is prescribed for treating various bacterial infections. Common signs and symptoms of penicillin allergy include hives, rash and itching. Severe | Drug rashDrug rashA drug rash usually starts within two weeks of taking a new medication and begins as discrete red spots that spread, covering large areas of the body. Signs and symptoms of penicillin allergy often occur within an hour after taking a dru | See your doctor as soon as possible if you experience signs or symptoms of penicillin allergy. Call 911 if you experience signs of a severe reaction or suspected anaphylaxis after taking penicillin. | Penicillin allergy occurs when your immune system mistakenly reacts to the drug as a harmful substance, essentially as if it were a viral or bacterial infection. The allergy develops when your immune system has become sensitive to penicillin. This means t | While anyone can have an allergic reaction to penicillin, a few factors can increase your risk. These include: A history of other allergies, such as food allergy or hay fever Allergic reaction to another drug A family history of drug allergy Increased exp | |
| 82 | 2018-02-01 04:58:04 | Pet allergy | Pet allergy is an allergic reaction to proteins found in an animal's skin cells, saliva or urine. Signs of pet allergy include those common to hay fever, such as sneezing and runny nose. Some people may also experience signs of asthma, such as wheezing an | Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance such as pollen, mold or pet dander. Your immune system produces proteins known as antibodies. These antibodies protect you from unwanted invaders that could make you sick or cause an in | Pet allergies are common. However, you're more likely to develop a pet allergy if allergies or asthma runs in your family. Being exposed to pets at an early age may help you avoid pet allergies. Some studies have found that children who live with a dog in | Sinus infections Ongoing (chronic) inflammation of tissues in the nasal passages caused by pet allergy can obstruct the hollow cavities connected to your nasal passages (sinuses). These obstructions may make you more likely to develop bacterial infections | ||
| 83 | 2018-02-01 04:58:07 | Shellfish allergy | Shellfish allergy is an abnormal response by the body's immune system to proteins in certain marine animals. Shellfish include marine animals with shells, such as shrimp, crab, oysters and lobster, as well as octopus, squid and scallops. Some people with | Shellfish allergy symptoms generally develop within minutes to an hour of eating shellfish. They may include: Hives, itching or eczema (atopic dermatitis) Swelling of the lips, face, tongue and throat, or other parts of the body Wheezing, nasal congestion | See a doctor or allergy specialist if you have food allergy symptoms shortly after eating. Seek emergency treatment if you develop signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis. | All food allergies are caused by an immune system overreaction. Your immune system identifies a certain shellfish protein as harmful, triggering the production of antibodies to the shellfish protein (allergen). The next time you come in contact with the a | You're at increased risk of developing a shellfish allergy if allergies of any type are common in your family. Though people of any age can develop a shellfish allergy, it's more common in adults. Among adults, shellfish allergy is more common in women. A | In severe cases, shellfish allergy can lead to anaphylaxis, a dangerous allergic reaction marked by a swollen throat (airway constriction), rapid pulse, shock, and dizziness or lightheadedness. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening. When you have shellfish |
| 84 | 2018-02-01 04:58:09 | Soy allergy | Allergy to soy, a product of soybeans, is a common food allergy. Often, soy allergy starts in infancy with reaction to soy-based infant formula. Although most children outgrow soy allergy, some carry the allergy into adulthood. Mild signs and symptoms of | For most people, soy allergy is uncomfortable but not serious. Rarely, an allergic reaction to soy can be frightening and even life-threatening. Signs and symptoms of a food allergy usually develop within a few minutes to hours after eating a food contain | See your primary care doctor or a doctor who specializes in treating allergies (allergist) if you experience food allergy symptoms shortly after eating. If possible, see your doctor during an allergic reaction. Seek emergency treatment if you develop sign | An immune system reaction causes food allergies. With a soy allergy, your immune system identifies certain soy proteins as harmful, triggering the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to the soy protein (allergen). The next time you come in con | Certain factors may put you at greater risk of developing a soy allergy: Family history. You're at increased risk of allergy to soy or other foods if other allergies, such as hay fever, asthma, hives or eczema, are common in your family. Age. Soy allergy | |
| 85 | 2018-02-01 04:58:10 | Wheat allergy | Wheat allergy is an allergic reaction to foods containing wheat, one of the top eight food allergens in the United States. Allergic reactions can result from eating wheat, but also, in some cases, by inhaling wheat flour. Wheat can be found in many foods, | A child or adult with wheat allergy is likely to develop symptoms within minutes to hours after eating something containing wheat. Wheat allergy symptoms include: Swelling, itching or irritation of the mouth or throat Hives, itchy rash or swelling of the | If someone shows signs of anaphylaxis, call 911 or your local emergency number. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that requires immediate care. If you suspect that you or your child is allergic to wheat or another food, see your doctor. | If you have wheat allergy, exposure to a wheat protein primes your immune system for an allergic reaction. You can develop an allergy to any of the four classes of wheat proteins — albumin, globulin, gliadin and gluten. Sources of wheat proteins Some sour | Certain factors may put you at greater risk of developing a wheat allergy: Family history. You're at increased risk of allergy to wheat or other foods if your parents have food allergies or other allergies, such as hay fever. Age. Wheat allergy is most co | |
| 86 | 2018-02-01 04:58:10 | Hair loss | Hair loss can affect just your scalp or your entire body. It can be the result of heredity, hormonal changes, medical conditions or medications. Anyone — men, women and children — can experience hair loss. Baldness typically refers to excessive hair loss | Male-pattern baldnessMale-pattern baldnessMale-pattern baldness typically appears first at the hairline or top of the head. It can progress to partial or complete baldness. Female-pattern baldnessFemale-pattern baldnessFemale-pattern baldness typically st | See your doctor if your child or you are distressed by hair loss and want to pursue treatment. Also talk to your doctor if you notice sudden or patchy hair loss or more than usual hair loss when combing or washing your or your child's hair. Sudden hair lo | Most people normally shed 50 to 100 hairs a day. This usually doesn't cause noticeable thinning of scalp hair because new hair is growing in at the same time. Hair loss occurs when this cycle of hair growth and shedding is disrupted or when the hair folli | A number of factors can increase your risk of hair loss, including: Family history Age Poor nutrition Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and lupus Stress | |
| 87 | 2018-02-01 04:58:11 | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (a-my-o-TROE-fik LAT-ur-ul skluh-ROE-sis), or ALS, is a progressive nervous system (neurological) disease that destroys nerve cells and causes disability. ALS is often called Lou Gehrig's disease, after the famous baseball pl | ALS is inherited in 5 to 10 percent of cases, while the rest have no known cause. Researchers are studying several possible causes of ALS, including: Gene mutation. Various genetic mutations can lead to inherited ALS, which causes nearly the same symptoms | Established risk factors for ALS include: Heredity. Five to 10 percent of the people with ALS inherited it (familial ALS). In most people with familial ALS, their children have a 50-50 chance of developing the disease. Age. ALS risk increases with age, an | As the disease progresses, people with ALS experience complications, which may include: Breathing problems Over time, ALS paralyzes the muscles you use to breathe. You may need a device to help you breathe at night, similar to what someone with sleep apne | ||
| 88 | 2018-02-01 04:58:14 | Dry socket | Dry socket (alveolar osteitis) is a painful dental condition that sometimes happens after you have a permanent adult tooth extracted. Dry socket is when the blood clot at the site of the tooth extraction fails to develop, or it dislodges or dissolves befo | The precise cause of dry socket remains the subject of study. Researchers suspect that certain issues may be involved, such as: Bacterial contamination of the socket Trauma at the surgical site from a difficult extraction, as with an impacted wisdom tooth | Factors that can increase your risk of developing dry socket include: Smoking and tobacco use. Chemicals in cigarettes or other forms of tobacco may prevent or slow healing and contaminate the wound site. The act of sucking on a cigarette may physically d | Painful, dry socket rarely results in infection or serious complications. However, potential complications may include delayed healing of or infection in the socket or progression to chronic bone infection (osteomyelitis). PreventionWhat you can do before | ||
| 89 | 2018-02-01 04:58:16 | Alzheimer's disease | Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. At first, someone with Alzheimer's disease may notice mild confusion and difficulty remembering. Eventually, people with the disease may even forget im | At first, increasing forgetfulness or mild confusion may be the only symptoms of Alzheimer's disease that you notice. But over time, the disease robs you of more of your memory, especially recent memories. The rate at which symptoms worsen varies from per | Scientists believe that for most people, Alzheimer's disease is caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors that affect the brain over time. Less than 5 percent of the time, Alzheimer's is caused by specific genetic changes tha | AgeIncreasing age is the greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's is not a part of normal aging, but your risk increases greatly after you reach age 65. The rate of dementia doubles every decade after age 60. People with rare genetic change | Memory and language loss, impaired judgment, and other cognitive changes caused by Alzheimer's can complicate treatment for other health conditions. A person with Alzheimer's disease may not be able to: Communicate that he or she is experiencing pain — fo | |
| 90 | 2018-02-01 04:58:20 | Ambiguous genitalia | Ambiguous genitalia is a rare condition in which an infant's external genitals don't appear to be clearly either male or female. In a baby with ambiguous genitalia, the genitals may not be well-formed or the baby may have characteristics of both sexes. Th | Your medical team will likely be the first to recognize ambiguous genitalia soon after your baby is born. Occasionally, ambiguous genitalia is diagnosed before birth (prenatally). Characteristics can vary in severity, depending on when during genital deve | Ambiguous genitalia occurs when something goes wrong during pregnancy to interrupt or disturb the fetus's developing sex organs. How sex organs form in the womb A baby's genetic sex is established at conception, based on the sex chromosomes. The mother's | Family history may play a role in the development of ambiguous genitalia, because many disorders of sex development result from genetic abnormalities that can be inherited. Possible risk factors for ambiguous genitalia include a family history of: Unexpla | Complications of ambiguous genitalia may include: Infertility. Whether people with ambiguous genitalia can have children depends on the specific diagnosis. For example, genetic females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia usually can get pregnant if they s | |
| 91 | 2018-02-01 04:58:23 | Lazy eye (amblyopia) | Lazy eye (amblyopia) is reduced vision in one eye caused by abnormal visual development early in life. The weaker — or lazy — eye often wanders inward or outward. Amblyopia generally develops from birth up to age 7 years. It is the leading cause of decrea | Lazy eye develops because of abnormal visual experience early in life that changes the nerve pathways between a thin layer of tissue (retina) at the back of the eye and the brain. The weaker eye receives fewer visual signals. Eventually, the ability of th | Factors associated with an increased risk of lazy eye include: Premature birth Small size at birth Family history of lazy eye Developmental disabilities | Untreated, lazy eye can cause permanent vision loss. Lazy eye is the cause of permanent vision loss in 2.9 percent of adults. | ||
| 92 | 2018-02-01 04:58:25 | Ameloblastoma | Ameloblastoma is a rare, noncancerous (benign) tumor that develops most often in the jaw near the molars. Ameloblastoma begins in the cells that form the protective enamel lining on your teeth. Ameloblastoma occurs in men more often than it occurs in wome | |||||
| 93 | 2018-02-01 04:58:27 | Amenorrhea | Amenorrhea (uh-men-o-REE-uh) is the absence of menstruation — one or more missed menstrual periods. Women who have missed at least three menstrual periods in a row have amenorrhea, as do girls who haven't begun menstruation by age 15. The most common caus | The main sign of amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods. Depending on the cause of amenorrhea, you might experience other signs or symptoms along with the absence of periods, such as: Milky nipple discharge Hair loss Headache Vision changes Excess | Consult your doctor if you've missed at least three menstrual periods in a row, or if you've never had a menstrual period and you're age 15 or older. | Female reproductive systemFemale reproductive systemThe ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina (vaginal canal) make up the female reproductive system. Amenorrhea can occur for a variety of reasons. Some are normal during the course of a woman | Factors that may increase your risk of amenorrhea may include: Family history. If other women in your family have experienced amenorrhea, you may have inherited a predisposition for the problem. Eating disorders. If you have an eating disorder, such as an | Complications of amenorrhea may include: Infertility. If you don't ovulate and have menstrual periods, you can't become pregnant. Osteoporosis. If your amenorrhea is caused by low estrogen levels, you may also be at risk of osteoporosis — a weakening of y |
| 94 | 2018-02-01 04:58:30 | Chagas disease | Chagas (CHAH-gus) disease is an inflammatory, infectious disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is found in the feces of the triatomine (reduviid) bug. Chagas disease is common in South America, Central America and Mexico, the primary hom | The cause of Chagas disease is the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted from an insect known as the triatomine bug. These insects can become infected by T. cruzi when they ingest blood from an animal already infected with the parasite. Triatom | The following factors may increase your risk of getting Chagas disease: Living in impoverished rural areas of Central America, South America and Mexico Living in a residence that contains triatomine bugs Receiving a blood transfusion or organ transplant f | If Chagas disease progresses to the chronic phase, serious heart or digestive complications may occur. These may include: Heart failure. Heart failure occurs when your heart becomes so weak or stiff that it can't pump enough blood to meet your body's need | ||
| 95 | 2018-02-01 04:58:33 | Amnesia | Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, such as facts, information and experiences. Though forgetting your identity is a common plot device in movies and television, that's not generally the case in real-life amnesia. Instead, people with amnesia — also c | Normal memory function involves many parts of the brain. Any disease or injury that affects the brain can interfere with memory. Amnesia can result from damage to brain structures that form the limbic system, which controls your emotions and memories. The | The chance of developing amnesia might increase if you've experienced: Brain surgery, head injury or trauma Stroke Alcohol abuse Seizures | Amnesia varies in severity and scope, but even mild amnesia takes a toll on daily activities and quality of life. The syndrome can cause problems at work, at school and in social settings. It may not be possible to recover lost memories. Some people with | ||
| 96 | 2018-02-01 04:58:38 | Dissociative disorders | Dissociative disorders are mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity. People with dissociative disorders escape reality in ways that are involuntary and | Dissociative disorders usually develop as a way to cope with trauma. The disorders most often form in children subjected to long-term physical, sexual or emotional abuse or, less often, a home environment that's frightening or highly unpredictable. The st | People who experience long-term physical, sexual or emotional abuse during childhood are at greatest risk of developing dissociative disorders. Children and adults who experience other traumatic events, such as war, natural disasters, kidnapping, torture, | People with dissociative disorders are at increased risk of complications and associated disorders, such as: Self-harm or mutilation Suicidal thoughts and behavior Sexual dysfunction Alcoholism and drug use disorders Depression and anxiety disorders Post- | ||
| 97 | 2018-02-01 04:58:40 | Transient global amnesia | Transient global amnesia is a sudden, temporary episode of memory loss that can't be attributed to a more common neurological condition, such as epilepsy or stroke. During an episode of transient global amnesia, your recall of recent events simply vanishe | Transient global amnesia is identified by its main symptom, which is the inability to form new memories and to recall the recent past. Once that symptom is confirmed, ruling out other possible causes of amnesia is important. | Seek immediate medical attention for anyone who quickly goes from normal awareness of present reality to confusion about what just happened. If the person experiencing memory loss is too disoriented to call an ambulance, call one yourself. Although transi | The underlying cause of transient global amnesia is unknown. There appears to be a link between transient global amnesia and a history of migraines, though the underlying factors that contribute to both conditions aren't fully understood. Some commonly re | Interestingly, high blood pressure and high cholesterol — which are closely linked to strokes — are not risk factors for transient global amnesia. Your sex doesn't seem to affect your risk, either. The clearest risk factors are: Age. People age 50 and old | Transient global amnesia has no direct complications, but it can cause emotional distress. If you have an episode, the gap in your memory can be unsettling, and you're likely to worry about a recurrence. Also, a symptom as dramatic as memory loss often in |
| 99 | 2018-02-01 04:58:42 | Amniotic fluid embolism | Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare but serious condition that occurs when amniotic fluid — the fluid that surrounds a baby in the uterus during pregnancy — or fetal material, such as fetal cells, enters the mother's bloodstream. Amniotic fluid embolism is | Amniotic fluid embolism occurs when amniotic fluid or fetal material enters the mother's bloodstream. Why this happens isn't well understood. A likely cause is a breakdown in the placental barrier, such as from trauma. When this breakdown happens, the imm | Amniotic fluid embolisms are rare, which makes it difficult to identify risk factors. It's estimated that there are between 1 and 12 cases of amniotic fluid embolism for every 100,000 deliveries. Research suggests that several factors might be linked to a | Amniotic fluid embolism can cause serious complications for you and your baby. If you have amniotic fluid embolism, you're at increased risk of: Brain injury. Low blood oxygen can cause permanent, severe neurological damage or brain death. Lengthy hospita | ||
| 100 | 2018-02-01 04:58:43 | Ampullary cancer | Ampullary (AM-poo-la-ree) cancer is a rare cancer that forms in an area of your digestive system called the ampulla of Vater. The ampulla of Vater is located where your bile duct and pancreatic duct join and empty into your small intestine. Ampullary canc | |||||
| 101 | 2018-02-01 04:58:44 | Amyloidosis | Amyloidosis (am-uh-loi-DO-sis) is a rare disease that occurs when a substance called amyloid builds up in your organs. Amyloid is an abnormal protein that is produced in your bone marrow and can be deposited in any tissue or organ. Amyloidosis can affect | In general, amyloidosis is caused by the buildup of an abnormal protein called amyloid. Amyloid is produced in your bone marrow and can be deposited in any tissue or organ. The specific cause of your condition depends on the type of amyloidosis you have. | Anyone can develop amyloidosis. Factors that increase your risk include: Age. Most people diagnosed with AL amyloidosis, the most common type, are between ages 60 and 70, although earlier onset occurs. Sex. Nearly 70 percent of people with AL amyloidosis | The potential complications of amyloidosis depend on which organs the amyloid deposits affect. Amyloidosis can seriously damage your: Kidneys. Amyloid can harm the kidneys' filtering system, causing protein to leak from your blood into your urine. The kid | ||
| 103 | 2018-02-01 04:58:46 | Anal cancer | The anal canalThe anal canalThe anal canal is a tube at the end of your rectum that measures 1 1/2 inches in length (about 4 centimeters). Muscles (anal sphincters) that surround the anal canal relax to allow waste to leave your body. Anal cancer is an un | Anal cancer forms when a genetic mutation turns normal, healthy cells into abnormal cells. Healthy cells grow and multiply at a set rate, eventually dying at a set time. Abnormal cells grow and multiply out of control, and they don't die. The accumulating | Several factors have been found to increase the risk of anal cancer, including: Older age. Most cases of anal cancer occur in people age 50 and older. Many sexual partners. People who have many sexual partners over their lifetimes have a greater risk of a | Anal cancer rarely spreads (metastasizes) to distant parts of the body. Only a small percentage of tumors are found to have spread, but those that do are especially difficult to treat. Anal cancer that metastasizes most commonly spreads to the liver and t | ||
| 104 | 2018-02-01 04:58:49 | Anal fissure | An anal fissure is a small tear in the thin, moist tissue (mucosa) that lines the anus. An anal fissure may occur when you pass hard or large stools during a bowel movement. Anal fissures typically cause pain and bleeding with bowel movements. You also ma | See your doctor if you have pain during bowel movements or notice blood on stools or toilet paper after a bowel movement. | Common causes of anal fissure include: Passing large or hard stools Constipation and straining during bowel movements Chronic diarrhea Inflammation of the anorectal area, caused by Crohn's disease or another inflammatory bowel disease Childbirth Less comm | Factors that may increase your risk of developing an anal fissure include: Infancy. Many infants experience an anal fissure during their first year of life; experts aren't sure why. Aging. Older adults may develop an anal fissure partly due to slowed circ | Complications of anal fissure can include: Failure to heal. An anal fissure that fails to heal within six weeks is considered chronic and may need further treatment. Recurrence. Once you've experienced an anal fissure, you are prone to having another one. | |
| 105 | 2018-02-01 04:58:50 | Anal fistula | Anal fistula is the medical term for an infected tunnel that develops between the skin and the muscular opening at the end of the digestive tract (anus). Most anal fistulas are the result of an infection that starts in an anal gland. This infection result | |||||
| 106 | 2018-02-01 04:58:53 | Anal itching | Anal itching is a common condition. The itch, situated in or around your anus, is often intense and may be accompanied by a strong urge to scratch. You may find anal itching to be embarrassing and uncomfortable. Also called pruritus ani (proo-RIE-tus A-ni | Anal itching may be associated with redness, burning and soreness. The itching and irritation may be temporary or more persistent, depending on the cause. | Most anal itching doesn't require medical care. See your doctor if: Anal itching is severe or persistent You have anal bleeding The anal area seems to be infected You can't figure out what's causing a persistent itch Persistent anal itching may be related | Possible causes of anal itching include: Personal care habits. Your skin care routine may include products or behaviors that irritate the skin. These include washing too much, washing too little, and using soap, moist wipes or toilet paper with dyes and p | ||
| 107 | 2018-02-01 04:58:53 | Anaphylaxis | Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as peanuts or bee stings. Anaphylaxis causes your immune system to release a flood of chemica | Seek emergency medical help if you, your child or someone else you're with has a severe allergic reaction. Don't wait to see if the symptoms go away. If the person having the attack carries an epinephrine autoinjector (EpiPen), administer it right away. E | Your immune system produces antibodies that defend against foreign substances. This is good when a foreign substance is harmful, such as certain bacteria or viruses. But some people's immune systems overreact to substances that don't normally cause an all | There aren't many known risk factors for anaphylaxis, but some things that might increase your risk include: Previous anaphylaxis. If you've had anaphylaxis once, your risk of having this serious reaction increases. Future reactions might be more severe t | An anaphylactic reaction can be life-threatening — it can stop your breathing or your heartbeat. PreventionThe best way to prevent anaphylaxis is to avoid substances that cause this severe reaction. Also: Wear a medical alert necklace or bracelet to indic | |
| 108 | 2018-02-01 04:58:56 | Ehrlichiosis | Ehrlichiosis is a bacterial illness transmitted by ticks that causes flu-like symptoms. The signs and symptoms of ehrlichiosis range from mild body aches to severe fever and usually appear within a week or two of a tick bite. If treated quickly with appro | If a tick carrying the bacterium that causes ehrlichiosis has been feeding on you for at least 24 hours, the following flu-like signs and symptoms may appear — usually within seven to 14 days of the bite: Mild fever Headache Chills Muscle aches Nausea Vom | It may take as long as 14 days after a tick bite for you to begin showing signs and symptoms of ehrlichiosis. If you get symptoms within two weeks of a tick bite, see your doctor. If you experience any of the above symptoms soon after you've been in an ar | Lone Star tickLone Star tickThe adult female Lone Star tick displays a characteristic white spot on its back, and may grow to be as large as 1/3 of an inch before feeding. Ehrlichiosis is caused by ehrlichia bacteria and is transmitted primarily by the Lo | Ehrlichiosis spreads when an infected tick, primarily the Lone Star tick, bites you and feeds on you for 24 hours or longer. The following factors may increase your risk of getting tick-borne infections: Being outdoors in warm weather. Most cases of ehrli | Without prompt treatment, ehrlichiosis can have serious effects on an otherwise healthy adult or child. People with weakened immune systems are at an even higher risk of more-serious and potentially life-threatening consequences. Serious complications of |
| 109 | 2018-02-01 04:58:58 | Anemia | Anemia is a condition in which you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to the body's tissues. Having anemia may make you feel tired and weak. There are many forms of anemia, each with its own cause. Anemia can be temporary o | Anemia occurs when your blood doesn't have enough red blood cells. This can happen if: Your body doesn't make enough red blood cells Bleeding causes you to lose red blood cells more quickly than they can be replaced Your body destroys red blood cells What | These factors place you at increased risk of anemia: A diet lacking in certain vitamins. Having a diet that is consistently low in iron, vitamin B-12 and folate increases your risk of anemia. Intestinal disorders. Having an intestinal disorder that affect | Left untreated, anemia can cause many health problems, such as: Severe fatigue. When anemia is severe enough, you may be so tired that you can't complete everyday tasks. Pregnancy complications. Pregnant women with folate deficiency anemia may be more lik | ||
| 110 | 2018-02-01 04:59:01 | Aplastic anemia | Aplastic anemia is a condition that occurs when your body stops producing enough new blood cells. Aplastic anemia leaves you feeling fatigued and with a higher risk of infections and uncontrolled bleeding. A rare and serious condition, aplastic anemia can | Aplastic anemia develops when damage occurs to your bone marrow, slowing or shutting down the production of new blood cells. Bone marrow is a red, spongy material inside your bones that produces stem cells, which give rise to other cells. Stem cells in th | Aplastic anemia is rare. Factors that may increase your risk include: Treatment with high-dose radiation or chemotherapy for cancer Exposure to toxic chemicals The use of some prescription drugs — such as chloramphenicol, which is used to treat bacterial | |||
| 111 | 2018-02-01 04:59:03 | Thalassemia | Thalassemia (thal-uh-SEE-me-uh) is an inherited blood disorder characterized by less hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells in your body than normal. Hemoglobin is the substance in your red blood cells that allows them to carry oxygen. The low hemoglobin an | Thalassemia is caused by mutations in the DNA of cells that make hemoglobin — the substance in your red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body. The mutations associated with thalassemia are passed from parents to children. Thalassemia disrup | Factors that increase your risk of thalassemia include: Family history of thalassemia. Thalassemia is passed from parents to children through mutated hemoglobin genes. If you have a family history of thalassemia, you may have an increased risk of the cond | Possible complications of thalassemia include: Iron overload. People with thalassemia can get too much iron in their bodies, either from the disease or from frequent blood transfusions. Too much iron can result in damage to your heart, liver and endocrine | ||
| 112 | 2018-02-01 04:59:04 | Iron deficiency anemia | Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia — a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues. As the name implies, iron deficiency anemia is due to insufficient iron. Without eno | Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn't have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that gives blood its red color and enables the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood throughout your body. If you ar | These groups of people may have an increased risk of iron deficiency anemia: Women. Because women lose blood during menstruation, women in general are at greater risk of iron deficiency anemia. Infants and children. Infants, especially those who were low | Mild iron deficiency anemia usually doesn't cause complications. However, left untreated, iron deficiency anemia can become severe and lead to health problems, including the following: Heart problems. Iron deficiency anemia may lead to a rapid or irregula | ||
| 114 | 2018-02-01 04:59:04 | Sickle cell anemia | Sickle cell anemiaSickle cell anemiaNormal red blood cells are round. In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells become deformed, so they look like sickles used to cut wheat. These unusually shaped cells give the disease its name. Sickle cell anemia is a | Although sickle cell anemia is usually diagnosed in infancy, if you or your child develops any of the following problems, see your doctor right away or seek emergency medical care: Unexplained episodes of severe pain, such as pain in the abdomen, chest, b | Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the gene that tells your body to make the red, iron-rich compound that gives blood its red color (hemoglobin). Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. In si | For a baby to be born with sickle cell anemia, both parents must carry a sickle cell gene. In the United States, it most commonly affects black people. ComplicationsSickle cell anemia can lead to a host of complications, including: Stroke. A stroke can oc | Sickle cell anemia can lead to a host of complications, including: Stroke. A stroke can occur if sickle cells block blood flow to an area of your brain. Signs of stroke include seizures, weakness or numbness of your arms and legs, sudden speech difficulti | |
| 115 | 2018-02-01 04:59:05 | Vitamin deficiency anemia | Vitamin deficiency anemia is a lack of healthy red blood cells caused when you have lower than normal amounts of certain vitamins. Vitamins linked to vitamin deficiency anemia include folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin C. Vitamin deficiency anemia can occur | Vitamin deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn't have enough of the vitamins needed to produce adequate numbers of healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs throughout your body. If your diet is lacking in certain vitami | A number of factors can affect your body's vitamin stores. In general, your risk of vitamin deficiency is increased if: Your diet contains little to no natural vitamin food sources, such as meat, dairy, fruits and vegetables. Vegetarians who don't eat dai | Being deficient in vitamins increases your risk of many health problems: Pregnancy complications. Pregnant women with folate deficiency may be more likely to experience complications, such as premature birth. A developing fetus that doesn't get enough fol | ||
| 117 | 2018-02-01 04:59:09 | Thoracic aortic aneurysm | A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a weakened area in the upper part of the aorta. The aorta is the major blood vessel that feeds blood to the body. A thoracic aortic aneurysm may also be called thoracic aneurysm and aortic dissection (TAAD) because an aneurys | Thoracic aortic aneurysms often grow slowly and usually without symptoms, making them difficult to detect. Some aneurysms will never rupture. Many start small and stay small, although many expand over time. How quickly an aortic aneurysm may grow is diffi | Most people with aortic aneurysms do not have symptoms unless a tear (dissection) or rupture occurs. A rupture or dissection is a medical emergency. Call 911 or your local emergency number for immediate assistance. If an aneurysm ruptures or one or more l | Factors that can contribute to an aneurysm's development include: Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). As plaque builds up on your artery walls, they become less flexible, and the additional pressure can cause them to weaken and bulge. High blood | Thoracic aortic aneurysm risk factors include: Age. Thoracic aortic aneurysms occur most often in people age 65 and older. Tobacco use. Tobacco use is a strong risk factor for the development of an aortic aneurysm. High blood pressure. Increased blood pre | Tears in the wall of the aorta (dissection) and rupture of the aorta are the main complications of thoracic aortic aneurysm. A ruptured aortic aneurysm can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding. In general, the larger the aneurysm, the greater the ri |
| 118 | 2018-02-01 04:59:12 | Brain aneurysm | Brain aneurysmBrain aneurysmAn aneurysm is a ballooning at a weak spot in an artery wall. An aneurysm's walls can be thin enough to rupture. The illustration shows a woman with an unruptured aneurysm. The inset shows typical aneurysm swelling. A brain ane | Ruptured aneurysmA sudden, severe headache is the key symptom of a ruptured aneurysm. This headache is often described as the "worst headache" ever experienced. Common signs and symptoms of a ruptured aneurysm include: Sudden, extremely severe headache Na | Seek immediate medical attention if you develop a: Sudden, extremely severe headache If you're with someone who complains of a sudden, severe headache or who loses consciousness or has a seizure, call 911 or your local emergency number. Brain aneurysms de | The causes of brain aneurysm are unknown, but a range of factors may increase your risk. | A number of factors can contribute to weakness in an artery wall and increase the risk of a brain aneurysm or aneurysm rupture. Brain aneurysms are more common in adults than in children and more common in women than in men. Some of these risk factors dev | When a brain aneurysm ruptures, the bleeding usually lasts only a few seconds. The blood can cause direct damage to surrounding cells, and the bleeding can damage or kill other cells. It also increases pressure inside the skull. If the pressure becomes to |
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