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| disease.id | disease.ts | disease.title | disease.overview | disease.symptoms | disease.when_to_see_a_doctor | disease.causes | disease.risk_factors | disease.complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 120 | 2018-02-01 04:59:15 | Aneurysms | An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel. An aneurysm can burst (rupture), causing internal bleeding and often leading to death. Aneurysms usually don't cause symptoms, so you might not know you have an aneurysm even if | |||||
| 121 | 2018-02-01 04:59:18 | Angelman syndrome | Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder. It causes developmental disabilities, neurological problems and sometimes, seizures. People with Angelman syndrome often smile and laugh frequently, and have happy, excitable personalities. Developmental delays, be | Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder. It's usually caused by problems with a gene located on chromosome 15 called the ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene. A missing or defective gene You receive your pairs of genes from your parents — one copy fr | Angelman syndrome is rare. Researchers usually don't know what causes the genetic changes that result in Angelman syndrome. Most people with Angelman syndrome don't have a family history of the disease. Occasionally, Angelman syndrome may be inherited fro | Complications associated with Angelman syndrome include: Feeding difficulties. Difficulty coordinating sucking and swallowing may cause feeding problems in infants. Your pediatrician may recommend a high-calorie formula to help your baby gain weight. Hype | ||
| 122 | 2018-02-01 04:59:19 | Vasculitis | Vasculitis is inflammation of your blood vessels. It causes changes in the blood vessel walls, including thickening, weakening, narrowing or scarring. These changes can restrict blood flow, resulting in organ and tissue damage. There are many types of vas | The exact cause of vasculitis isn't fully understood. Some types are related to a person's genetic makeup. Others result from the immune system attacking blood vessel cells by mistake. Possible triggers for this immune system reaction include: Infections, | Vasculitis can occur in any sex or race or at any age. But some factors can increase the risk, such as: Smoking Having chronic hepatitis B or C infections Having some types of autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma or lupus | Vasculitis complications depend on the type and severity of your condition. Or they may be related to side effects of the prescription medications you use to treat the condition. Complications of vasculitis include: Organ damage. Some types of vasculitis | ||
| 124 | 2018-02-01 04:59:22 | Angina | Angina is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Angina (an-JIE-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) is a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina, which may also be called angina pectoris, is often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, ti | Angina symptoms include: Chest pain or discomfort, possibly described as pressure, squeezing, burning or fullness Pain in your arms, neck, jaw, shoulder or back accompanying chest pain Nausea Fatigue Shortness of breath Sweating Dizziness These symptoms n | If your chest pain lasts longer than a few minutes and doesn't go away when you rest or take your angina medications, it may be a sign you're having a heart attack. Call 911 or emergency medical help. Arrange for transportation. Only drive yourself to the | Angina is caused by reduced blood flow to your heart muscle. Your blood carries oxygen, which your heart muscle needs to survive. When your heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen, it causes a condition called ischemia. The most common cause of reduced b | The following risk factors increase your risk of coronary artery disease and angina: Tobacco use. Chewing tobacco, smoking and long-term exposure to secondhand smoke damage the interior walls of arteries — including arteries to your heart — allowing depos | The chest pain that occurs with angina can make doing some normal activities, such as walking, uncomfortable. However, the most dangerous complication is a heart attack. Common signs and symptoms of a heart attack include: Pressure, fullness or a squeezin |
| 126 | 2018-02-01 04:59:25 | Hives and angioedema | Hives on light skinHives on light skinHives, also known as urticaria, are reddened, itchy welts that may be triggered by substances or situations, such as heat, exercise and stress. Hives on dark skinHives on dark skinChronic hives appear daily or almost | Hives and angioedema can be caused by: Foods. Many foods can trigger reactions in people with sensitivities. Shellfish, fish, peanuts, tree nuts, eggs and milk are frequent offenders. Medications. Almost any medication may cause hives or angioedema. Commo | Hives and angioedema are common. You may be at increased risk of hives and angioedema if you: Have had hives or angioedema before Have had other allergic reactions Have a disorder associated with hives and angioedema, such as lupus, lymphoma or thyroid di | Severe angioedema can be life-threatening if swelling causes your throat or tongue to block your airway. PreventionTo lower your likelihood of experiencing hives or angioedema, take the following precautions: Avoid known triggers. These can include foods, | ||
| 127 | 2018-02-01 04:59:26 | Castleman disease | Castleman disease is a rare disorder that involves an overgrowth (proliferation) of cells in your body's disease-fighting network (lymphatic system). Also known as giant lymph node hyperplasia and angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, Castleman disease | If you notice an enlarged lymph node on the side of your neck or in your underarm, collarbone or groin area, talk to your doctor. Also call your doctor if you experience a persistent feeling of fullness in your chest or abdomen, fever, fatigue, or unexpla | It's not clear what causes Castleman disease. However, infection by a virus called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with multicentric Castleman disease. The HHV-8 virus has also been linked to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancerous tumo | Castleman disease can affect anyone. But the average age of people diagnosed with unicentric Castleman disease is 35. Most people with the multicentric form are in their 50s and 60s. The multicentric form is also slightly more common in men than in women. | People with unicentric Castleman disease usually do well once the affected lymph node is removed. However, having Castleman disease may increase your risk of lymphoma. Complications of multicentric Castleman disease can be life-threatening and may include | |
| 128 | 2018-02-01 04:59:30 | Angiosarcoma | Angiosarcoma of the skinAngiosarcoma of the skinAngiosarcoma is cancer that forms in the lining of blood vessels and lymph vessels. It often affects the skin and may appear as a bruise-like lesion that grows over time. Angiosarcoma is a rare type of cance | It's not clear what causes most angiosarcomas, though doctors have identified factors that may increase your risk of the disease. Doctors know that something happens that causes a cell in the lining of a blood vessel or lymph vessel to develop an error (m | Factors that may increase your risk of angiosarcoma include: Radiation therapy. Treatment with radiation for cancer or other conditions may increase your risk of angiosarcoma. A rare complication of radiation therapy, angiosarcoma typically occurs five to | |||
| 129 | 2018-02-01 04:59:31 | Anhidrosis | Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. When you don't sweat (perspire), your body can't cool itself, which can lead to overheating and sometimes to heatstroke — a potentially fatal condition. Anhidrosis — sometimes called hypohidrosis — can be dif | Signs and symptoms of anhidrosis include: Little or no perspiration Dizziness Muscle cramps or weakness Flushing Feeling hot A lack of perspiration can occur: Over most of your body (generalized) In a single area In scattered patches Areas that can sweat | If you barely sweat, even when it's hot or you're working or exercising strenuously, talk to your doctor. Talk to your doctor if you notice you're sweating less than usual. Because anhidrosis increases your risk of heatstroke, seek medical care if you dev | Anhidrosis occurs when your sweat glands don't function properly, either as a result of a condition you're born with (congenital condition) or one that affects your nerves or skin. Dehydration also can cause anhidrosis. Sometimes the cause of anhidrosis c | Certain factors make anhidrosis more likely, including: Age. People age 65 and older, infants, and children are more prone to heat stress, which can contribute to anhidrosis. Certain health problems. Any medical condition that damages your autonomic nerve | Heat-related illnesses are the most serious complications of anhidrosis. Children are especially vulnerable because their core temperatures rise faster than adults', and their bodies release heat less efficiently. Heat-related problems include: Heat cramp |
| 130 | 2018-02-01 04:59:33 | Broken ankle/broken foot | Foot and ankle bonesFoot and ankle bonesA fall or blow to your ankle can break one or more of the three bones in your ankle joint — the fibula, the tibia and the talus — while rolling your ankle can cause a break in the knobby bumps at the end of the tibi | The most common causes of a broken ankle or a broken foot include: Car accidents. The crushing injuries common in car accidents may cause breaks that require surgical repair. Falls. Tripping and falling can break bones in your ankles or feet, as can landi | You may be at higher risk of a broken foot or ankle if you: Participate in high-impact sports. The stresses, direct blows and twisting injuries that occur in sports such as basketball, football, gymnastics, tennis and soccer are causes of foot and ankle f | Complications of a broken ankle or broken foot are uncommon but may include: Arthritis. Fractures that extend into the joint can cause arthritis years later. If your ankle or foot starts to hurt long after a break, see your doctor for an evaluation. Bone | ||
| 131 | 2018-02-01 04:59:35 | Sprained ankle | A sprained ankle is an injury that occurs when you roll, twist or turn your ankle in an awkward way. This can stretch or tear the tough bands of tissue (ligaments) that help hold your ankle bones together. Ligaments help stabilize joints, preventing exces | Sprained ankleSprained ankleA sprained ankle is the stretching or tearing of ankle ligaments, which support the joint by connecting bones to each other. A sprain occurs when your ankle is forced to move out of its normal position, which can cause one or m | Factors that increase your risk of a sprained ankle include: Sports participation. Ankle sprains are a common sports injury, particularly in sports that require jumping, cutting action, or rolling or twisting of the foot such as basketball, tennis, footba | Failing to treat a sprained ankle properly, engaging in activities too soon after spraining your ankle or spraining your ankle repeatedly might lead to the following complications: Chronic ankle pain Chronic ankle joint instability Arthritis in the ankle | ||
| 132 | 2018-02-01 04:59:38 | Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) | Tongue-tieTongue-tieTongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue's tip to the floor of the mouth. If necessary, tongue-tie can be treated with a su | See a doctor if: Your baby has signs of tongue-tie that cause problems, such as having trouble breast-feeding A speech-language pathologist thinks your child's speech is affected by tongue-tie Your older child complains of tongue problems that interfere w | Typically, the lingual frenulum separates before birth, allowing the tongue free range of motion. With tongue-tie, the lingual frenulum remains attached to the bottom of the tongue. Why this happens is largely unknown, although some cases of tongue-tie ha | Although tongue-tie can affect anyone, it's more common in boys than girls. Tongue-tie sometimes runs in families. ComplicationsTongue-tie can affect a baby's oral development, as well as the way he or she eats, speaks and swallows. For example, tongue-ti | Tongue-tie can affect a baby's oral development, as well as the way he or she eats, speaks and swallows. For example, tongue-tie can lead to: Breast-feeding problems. Breast-feeding requires a baby to keep his or her tongue over the lower gum while suckin | |
| 133 | 2018-02-01 04:59:39 | Ankylosing spondylitis | Ankylosing spondylitisAnkylosing spondylitisAs ankylosing spondylitis worsens, new bone forms as part of the body's attempt to heal. The new bone gradually bridges the gap between vertebrae and eventually fuses sections of vertebrae together. Fused verteb | Ankylosing spondylitis has no known specific cause, though genetic factors seem to be involved. In particular, people who have a gene called HLA-B27 are at greatly increased risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis. However, only some people with the gen | Your sex. Men are more likely to develop ankylosing spondylitis than are women. Your age. Onset generally occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood. Your heredity. Most people who have ankylosing spondylitis have the HLA-B27 gene. But many people who | In severe ankylosing spondylitis, new bone forms as part of the body's attempt to heal. This new bone gradually bridges the gap between vertebrae and eventually fuses sections of vertebrae. Those parts of your spine become stiff and inflexible. Fusion can | ||
| 134 | 2018-02-01 04:59:43 | Anorexia nervosa | Anorexia (an-o-REK-see-uh) nervosa — often simply called anorexia — is an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body weight. People with anorexia place a high value on | The exact cause of anorexia nervosa is unknown. As with many diseases, it's probably a combination of biological, psychological and environmental factors. Biological. Although it's not yet clear which genes are involved, there may be genetic changes that | Certain risk factors increase the risk of anorexia nervosa, including: Being female. Anorexia is more common in girls and women. However, boys and men have been increasingly developing eating disorders, perhaps because of growing social pressures. Young a | Anorexia nervosa can have numerous complications. At its most severe, it can be fatal. Death may occur suddenly — even when someone is not severely underweight. This may result from abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) or an imbalance of electrolytes — mi | ||
| 136 | 2018-02-01 04:59:46 | Anorgasmia | Anorgasmia is the medical term for regular difficulty reaching orgasm after ample sexual stimulation, causing you personal distress. Anorgasmia is a common occurrence, affecting a significant number of women. Orgasms vary in intensity, and women vary in t | An orgasm is a feeling of intense physical pleasure and release of tension, accompanied by involuntary, rhythmic contractions of your pelvic floor muscles. But it doesn't always look — or sound — like it does in the movies. The way an orgasm feels varies | Talk to your doctor if you have questions about orgasm or concerns about your ability to reach orgasm. You may find that your sexual experiences are normal. Or your doctor may recommend strategies to reduce your anxiety and increase your satisfaction. | Despite what you see in the media, orgasm is no simple, sure thing. This pleasurable peak is actually a complex reaction to many physical, emotional and psychological factors. If you're experiencing trouble in any of these areas, it can affect your abilit | ||
| 138 | 2018-02-01 04:59:48 | Anterior prolapse (cystocele) | Anterior prolapse, also known as a cystocele (SIS-toe-seel), occurs when the supportive tissue between a woman's bladder and vaginal wall weakens and stretches, allowing the bladder to bulge into the vagina. Anterior prolapse is also called a prolapsed bl | In mild cases of anterior prolapse, you may not notice any signs or symptoms. When signs and symptoms occur, they may include: A feeling of fullness or pressure in your pelvis and vagina Increased discomfort when you strain, cough, bear down or lift A fee | A severely prolapsed bladder can be uncomfortable. It can make emptying your bladder difficult and may lead to bladder infections. Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that bother you. | CystoceleCystoceleA dropped or prolapsed bladder (cystocele) occurs when the bladder wall bulges into the vaginal space. It results when supporting muscles and tissues for the bladder give way. Your pelvic floor consists of muscles, ligaments and connecti | These factors may increase your risk of anterior prolapse: Childbirth. Women who have vaginally delivered one or more children have a higher risk of anterior prolapse. Aging. Your risk of anterior prolapse increases as you age. This is especially true aft | |
| 139 | 2018-02-01 04:59:51 | Anthrax | Anthrax is a rare but serious illness caused by a spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax mainly affects livestock and wild game. Humans can become infected through direct or indirect contact with sick animals. There's no evidence that anthra | Anthrax spores are formed by anthrax bacteria that occur naturally in soil in most parts of the world. The spores can remain dormant for years until they find their way into a host. Common hosts for anthrax include wild or domestic livestock, such as shee | To contract anthrax, you must come in direct contact with anthrax spores. This is more likely if you: Are in the military and deployed to an area with a high risk of exposure to anthrax Work with anthrax in a laboratory setting Handle animal skins, furs o | The most serious complication of anthrax is inflammation of the membranes and fluid covering the brain and spinal cord, leading to massive bleeding (hemorrhagic meningitis) and death. PreventionAntibiotics are recommended to prevent infection in anyone ex | ||
| 140 | 2018-02-01 04:59:54 | Pseudomembranous colitis | Colon and rectumColon and rectumThe colon, also called the large intestine, is a long tube-like organ in your abdomen. The colon carries waste to be expelled from the body. The rectum makes up the last several inches of the colon. Pseudomembranous (SOO-do | Signs and symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may include: Diarrhea that can be watery or even bloody Abdominal cramps, pain or tenderness Fever Pus or mucus in your stool Nausea Dehydration Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis can begin as soon as one t | If you are currently taking or have recently taken antibiotics and you develop diarrhea, contact your doctor, even if the diarrhea is relatively mild. Also, see your doctor any time you have severe diarrhea, with fever, painful abdominal cramps, or blood | Usually, your body keeps the many bacteria in your colon in a naturally healthy balance. However, antibiotics and other medications can upset this balance. Pseudomembranous colitis occurs when certain bacteria — usually C. difficile — rapidly outgrow othe | Factors that may increase your risk of pseudomembranous colitis include: Taking antibiotics Staying in the hospital or a nursing home Increasing age, especially over 65 years Having a weakened immune system Having a colon disease, such as inflammatory bow | Treatment of pseudomembranous colitis is usually successful. However, even with prompt diagnosis and treatment, pseudomembranous colitis can be life-threatening. Possible complications include: Abnormally low levels of potassium in your blood (hypokalemia |
| 141 | 2018-02-01 04:59:57 | Antibiotic-associated diarrhea | Antibiotic-associated diarrhea refers to passing loose, watery stools three or more times a day after taking medications used to treat bacterial infections (antibiotics). Most often, antibiotic-associated diarrhea is mild and requires no treatment. The di | Why antibiotic-associated diarrhea occurs isn't completely understood. It's commonly thought to develop when antibacterial medications (antibiotics) upset the balance of good and bad bacteria in your gastrointestinal tract. The antibiotics most likely to | Antibiotic-associated diarrhea can occur in anyone who takes an antibiotic. But you're more likely to develop antibiotic-associated diarrhea if you: Have had antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the past Have taken antibiotic medications for an extended time | One of the most common complications of any type of diarrhea is extreme loss of fluids and electrolytes (dehydration). Severe dehydration can be life-threatening. Signs and symptoms include a very dry mouth, intense thirst, little or no urination, and wea | ||
| 142 | 2018-02-01 05:00:00 | Antiphospholipid syndrome | Antiphospholipid (AN-te-fos-fo-LIP-id) syndrome occurs when your immune system attacks some of the normal proteins in your blood. It can cause blood clots in your arteries or veins. And it can cause pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage and stillbi | The role of phospholipids In antiphospholipid syndrome, your blood clots abnormally because your body mistakenly produces antibodies that attack phospholipids, a type of fat that plays a key role in clotting. Antibodies are proteins that normally protect | Antiphospholipid syndrome affects women much more than it does men. Other risk factors include: Having an autoimmune condition, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjogren's syndrome Having certain infections, such as syphilis, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C o | Depending on which organ is affected by a blood clot and how severe the obstruction of blood flow to that organ is, untreated antiphospholipid syndrome can lead to permanent organ damage or death. Complications include: Kidney failure. This can result fro | ||
| 143 | 2018-02-01 05:00:00 | Antisocial personality disorder | Antisocial personality disorder, sometimes called sociopathy, is a mental condition in which a person consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others. People with antisocial personality disorder tend to antag | Personality is the combination of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that makes everyone unique. It's the way people view, understand and relate to the outside world, as well as how they see themselves. Personality forms during childhood, shaped through an | Certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing antisocial personality disorder, such as: Diagnosis of childhood conduct disorder Family history of antisocial personality disorder or other personality disorders or mental illness Being subjected to | Complications, consequences and problems of antisocial personality disorder may include, for example: Spouse abuse or child abuse or neglect Alcohol or substance abuse Being in jail or prison Homicidal or suicidal behaviors Having other mental health diso | ||
| 144 | 2018-02-01 05:00:03 | Anxiety | Experiencing occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. However, people with anxiety disorders frequently have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. Often, anxiety disorders involve repeated episodes of sudden feeli | Common anxiety signs and symptoms include: Feeling nervous, restless or tense Having a sense of impending danger, panic or doom Having an increased heart rate Breathing rapidly (hyperventilation) Sweating Trembling Feeling weak or tired Trouble concentrat | See your doctor if: You feel like you're worrying too much and it's interfering with your work, relationships or other parts of your life Your fear, worry or anxiety is upsetting to you and difficult to control You feel depressed, have trouble with alcoho | The causes of anxiety disorders aren't fully understood. Life experiences such as traumatic events appear to trigger anxiety disorders in people who are already prone to anxiety. Inherited traits also can be a factor. Medical causesFor some people, anxiet | These factors may increase your risk of developing an anxiety disorder: Trauma. Children who endured abuse or trauma or witnessed traumatic events are at higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder at some point in life. Adults who experience a traumati | Having an anxiety disorder does more than make you worry. It can also lead to, or worsen, other mental and physical conditions, such as: Depression (which often occurs with an anxiety disorder) or other mental health disorders Substance abuse Trouble slee |
| 145 | 2018-02-01 05:00:05 | Generalized anxiety disorder | It's normal to feel anxious from time to time, especially if your life is stressful. However, excessive, ongoing anxiety and worry that are difficult to control and interfere with day-to-day activities may be a sign of generalized anxiety disorder. It's p | As with many mental health conditions, the cause of generalized anxiety disorder likely arises from a complex interaction of biological and environmental factors, which may include: Differences in brain chemistry and function Genetics Differences in the w | Women are diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder somewhat more often than men are. The following factors may increase the risk of developing generalized anxiety disorder: Personality. A person whose temperament is timid or negative or who avoids anyt | Having generalized anxiety disorder can be disabling. It can: Impair your ability to perform tasks quickly and efficiently because you have trouble concentrating Take your time and focus from other activities Sap your energy Increase your risk of depressi | ||
| 146 | 2018-02-01 05:00:08 | Social anxiety disorder | It's normal to feel nervous in some social situations. For example, going on a date or giving a presentation may cause that feeling of butterflies in your stomach. But in social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, everyday interactions cause sign | Like many other mental health conditions, social anxiety disorder likely arises from a complex interaction of biological and environmental factors. Possible causes include Inherited traits. Anxiety disorders tend to run in families. However, it isn't enti | Several factors can increase the risk of developing social anxiety disorder, including: Family history. You're more likely to develop social anxiety disorder if your biological parents or siblings have the condition. Negative experiences. Children who exp | Left untreated, social anxiety disorder can run your life. Anxieties can interfere with work, school, relationships or enjoyment of life. Social anxiety disorder can cause: Low self-esteem Trouble being assertive Negative self-talk Hypersensitivity to cri | ||
| 148 | 2018-02-01 05:00:09 | Aortic aneurysm | Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysmAortic dissection and aortic aneurysm An aortic aneurysm occurs when a weak spot in the wall of your aorta begins to bulge (left). This can occur anywhere in your aorta. Having an aneurysm increases the risk of an aort | |||||
| 149 | 2018-02-01 05:00:12 | Coarctation of the aorta | Coarctation of the aortaCoarctation of the aortaCoarctation of the aorta is a narrowing, or constriction, in a portion of the aorta. The condition forces the heart to pump harder to get blood through the aorta and on to the rest of the body. Coarctation ( | Doctors aren't certain what causes coarctation of the aorta (aortic coarctation). For unknown reasons, mild to severe narrowing develops in part of the aorta. Although aortic coarctation can occur anywhere along the aorta, the coarctation is most often lo | Coarctation of the aorta often occurs along with other congenital heart defects, although doctors don't know what causes multiple heart defects to form together. The condition is more common in males than in females. You or your child may be more likely t | Untreated coarctation of the aorta frequently leads to complications. Some complications may be a result of long-standing high blood pressure caused by the aortic coarctation. Complications are also possible after treatment for coarctation of the aorta. C | ||
| 150 | 2018-02-01 05:00:12 | Aortic dissection | Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysmAortic dissection and aortic aneurysmAn aortic aneurysm occurs when a weak spot in the wall of your aorta begins to bulge (left). This can occur anywhere in your aorta. Having an aneurysm increases the risk of rupture | If you have signs or symptoms such as severe chest pain, fainting, sudden onset of shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or emergency medical assistance. These signs and symptoms don't always indicate a serious problem, but it's best to ge | An aortic dissection occurs in a weakened area of the aortic wall. Chronic high blood pressure may stress the aortic tissue, making it more susceptible to tearing. You can also be born with a condition associated with a weakened and enlarged aorta, such a | Risk factors for aortic dissection include: Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension) Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) Weakened and bulging artery (pre-existing aortic aneurysm) An aortic valve defect (bicuspid aortic valve) A narrowing o | An aortic dissection can lead to: Death due to severe internal bleeding Organ damage, such as kidney failure or life-threatening intestinal damage Stroke Aortic valve damage (aortic regurgitation) or rupture into the lining around the heart (cardiac tampo | |
| 151 | 2018-02-01 05:00:16 | Aortic valve disease | Aortic valve disease is a condition in which the valve between the main pumping chamber of your heart (left ventricle) and the main artery to your body (aorta) doesn't work properly. Aortic valve disease may be a condition present at birth (congenital hea | Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pum | Risk factors of aortic valve disease include: Older age Certain heart conditions present at birth (congenital heart disease) History of infections that can affect the heart Chronic kidney disease History of radiation therapy to the chest | Aortic valve disease can cause complications, including: Heart failure Stroke Blood clots Heart rhythm abnormalities Death | ||
| 152 | 2018-02-01 05:00:19 | Aortic valve regurgitation | Aortic valve regurgitationAortic valve regurgitationIn aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn't close properly, causing blood to leak backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. Aortic valve regurgitation — or aortic regurgitation — is a | Contact your doctor right away if signs and symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation develop. Sometimes the first indications of aortic valve regurgitation are those of its major complication, heart failure. See your doctor if you have fatigue, shortness of | Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pum | Risk factors of aortic valve regurgitation include: Older age Certain heart conditions present at birth (congenital heart disease) History of infections that can affect the heart Certain conditions that can affect the heart, such as Marfan syndrome Other | Aortic valve regurgitation can cause complications, including: Heart failure Infections that affect the heart, such as endocarditis Heart rhythm abnormalities Death PreventionFor any heart condition, see your doctor regularly so he or she can monitor you | |
| 153 | 2018-02-01 05:00:20 | Aortic valve stenosis | Aortic valve stenosis — or aortic stenosis — occurs when the heart's aortic valve narrows. This narrowing prevents the valve from opening fully, which reduces or blocks blood flow from your heart into the main artery to your body (aorta) and onward to the | Aortic valve stenosis ranges from mild to severe. Aortic valve stenosis signs and symptoms generally develop when narrowing of the valve is severe. Some people with aortic valve stenosis may not experience symptoms for many years. Signs and symptoms of ao | If you have a heart murmur, your doctor may recommend that you visit a cardiologist. If you develop any symptoms that may suggest aortic valve stenosis, see your doctor. | Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pum | Risk factors of aortic valve stenosis include: Older age Certain heart conditions present at birth (congenital heart disease) such as a bicuspid aortic valve History of infections that can affect the heart Having cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabe | Aortic valve stenosis can cause complications, including: Heart failure Stroke Blood clots Bleeding Heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias) Infections that affect the heart, such as endocarditis Death PreventionSome possible ways to prevent aortic valve |
| 154 | 2018-02-01 05:00:21 | Aphasia | Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gra | Aphasia is a sign of some other condition, such as a stroke or a brain tumor. A person with aphasia may: Speak in short or incomplete sentences Speak in sentences that don't make sense Substitute one word for another or one sound for another Speak unrecog | Because aphasia is often a sign of a serious problem, such as a stroke, seek emergency medical care if you suddenly develop: Difficulty speaking Trouble understanding speech Difficulty with word recall Problems with reading or writing | The most common cause of aphasia is brain damage resulting from a stroke — the blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. Loss of blood to the brain leads to brain cell death or damage in areas that control language. Brain damage caused by a seve | Aphasia can create numerous quality-of-life problems because communication is so much a part of your life. Communication difficulty may affect your: Job Relationships Day-to-day function Language barriers may lead to embarrassment, depression and relation | |
| 155 | 2018-02-01 05:00:22 | Primary progressive aphasia | Functions of the brainFunctions of the brainDifferent areas of the brain are responsible for different vital functions. Primary progressive aphasia (uh-FAY-zhuh) is a rare nervous system (neurological) syndrome that affects your ability to communicate. Pe | Primary progressive aphasia symptoms vary, depending on which portion of the brain's language area is involved. The condition has three types, which cause different symptoms. | Primary progressive aphasia is caused by a shrinking (atrophy) of the frontal, temporal or parietal lobes in the brain, primarily on the left side. The condition affects the language centers in your brain. Scar tissue and abnormal proteins also might be p | Risk factors for primary progressive aphasia include: Having learning disabilities. A learning disability might put you at somewhat higher risk of primary progressive aphasia. Having certain gene mutations. Rare gene mutations have been linked to the diso | People with primary progressive aphasia eventually lose the ability to speak and write, and to understand written and spoken language. As the disease progresses, other mental skills, such as memory, can become impaired. Some people develop other neurologi | |
| 156 | 2018-02-01 05:00:25 | Canker sore | Canker soreCanker soreCanker sores occur singly or in clusters on the inside surfaces of your cheeks or lips, on or under your tongue, at the base of your gums, or on your soft palate. They usually have a white or yellow center and a red border and can be | Most canker sores are round or oval with a white or yellow center and a red border. They form inside your mouth — on or under your tongue, inside your cheeks or lips, at the base of your gums, or on your soft palate. You might notice a tingling or burning | Consult your doctor if you experience: Unusually large canker sores Recurring sores, with new ones developing before old ones heal, or frequent outbreaks Persistent sores, lasting two weeks or more Sores that extend into the lips themselves (vermilion bor | The precise cause of canker sores remains unclear, though researchers suspect that a combination of factors contributes to outbreaks, even in the same person. Possible triggers for canker sores include: A minor injury to your mouth from dental work, overz | Anyone can develop canker sores. But they occur more often in teens and young adults, and they're more common in females. Often people with recurrent canker sores have a family history of the disorder. This may be due to heredity or to a shared factor in | |
| 157 | 2018-02-01 05:00:26 | Broken heart syndrome | Broken heart syndrome is a temporary heart condition that's often brought on by stressful situations, such as the death of a loved one. The condition can also be triggered by a serious physical illness or surgery. People with broken heart syndrome may hav | Broken heart syndrome symptoms can mimic a heart attack. Common symptoms include: Chest pain Shortness of breath Any long-lasting or persistent chest pain could be a sign of a heart attack, so it's important to take it seriously and call 911 if you experi | If you're having any chest pain, a very rapid or irregular heartbeat, or shortness of breath after a stressful event, call 911 or emergency medical assistance immediately. | The exact cause of broken heart syndrome is unclear. It's thought that a surge of stress hormones, such as adrenaline, might temporarily damage the hearts of some people. How these hormones might hurt the heart or whether something else is responsible isn | There are a number of known risk factors for broken heart syndrome, including: Sex. The condition affects women far more often than men. Age. It appears that most people who have broken heart syndrome are older than 50. A history of a neurological conditi | In rare cases, broken heart syndrome is fatal. However, most who experience broken heart syndrome quickly recover and don't have long-lasting effects. Other complications of broken heart syndrome include: Backup of fluid into your lungs (pulmonary edema) |
| 159 | 2018-02-01 05:00:29 | Sleep apnea | Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. You may have sleep apnea if you snore loudly, and you feel tired even after a full night's sleep. The main types of sleep apnea are: Obstructive sleep apne | The signs and symptoms of obstructive and central sleep apneas overlap, sometimes making the type of sleep apnea more difficult to determine. The most common signs and symptoms of obstructive and central sleep apneas include: Loud snoring, which is usuall | Consult a medical professional if you experience, or if your partner notices, the following: Snoring loud enough to disturb the sleep of others or yourself Shortness of breath, gasping for air or choking that awakens you from sleep Intermittent pauses in | Obstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles that support the soft tissues in your throat, such as your tongue and soft palate, temporarily relax. When these muscles relax, your airway is narrowed or closed | Sleep apnea can affect anyone, even children. But certain factors increase your risk of sleep apnea: Obstructive sleep apnea Excess weight. People who are obese have four times the risk of sleep apnea that people who are a normal weight people do. Fat dep | Sleep apnea is considered a serious medical condition. Complications may include: Daytime fatigue. The repeated awakenings associated with sleep apnea make normal, restorative sleep impossible. People with sleep apnea often experience severe daytime drows |
| 160 | 2018-02-01 05:00:30 | Sleep apnea, central | Central sleep apnea is a disorder in which your breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. Central sleep apnea occurs because your brain doesn't send proper signals to the muscles that control your breathing. This condition is different from obst | Central sleep apnea occurs when your brain fails to transmit signals to your breathing muscles. Central sleep apnea can be caused by a number of conditions that affect the ability of your brainstem — which links your brain to your spinal cord and controls | Certain factors put you at increased risk of central sleep apnea: Sex. Males are more likely to develop central sleep apnea than are females. Age. Central sleep apnea is more common among older adults, especially adults older than age 65, possibly because | Central sleep apnea is a serious medical condition. Some complications include: Fatigue. The repeated awakenings associated with sleep apnea make normal, restorative sleep impossible. People with central sleep apnea often experience severe fatigue, daytim | ||
| 161 | 2018-02-01 05:00:33 | Sleep apnea, obstructive | Obstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles that support the soft tissues in your throat, such as your tongue and soft palate, temporarily relax. When these muscles relax, your airway is narrowed or closed | Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles in the back of your throat relax too much to allow normal breathing. These muscles support structures including the soft palate, the uvula — a triangular piece of tissue hanging from the soft palate, the ton | Anyone can develop obstructive sleep apnea. However, certain factors put you at increased risk, including: Excess weight. Around half the people with obstructive sleep apnea are overweight. Fat deposits around the upper airway may obstruct breathing. Howe | Obstructive sleep apnea is considered a serious medical condition. Complications may include: Daytime fatigue and sleepiness. The repeated awakenings associated with obstructive sleep apnea make normal, restorative sleep impossible. People with obstructiv | ||
| 162 | 2018-02-01 05:00:34 | Appendicitis | AppendicitisAppendicitisThe appendix is a narrow, finger-shaped pouch that projects out from the colon. Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed and filled with pus. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that | Signs and symptoms of appendicitis may include: Sudden pain that begins on the right side of the lower abdomen Sudden pain that begins around your navel and often shifts to your lower right abdomen Pain that worsens if you cough, walk or make other jarrin | Make an appointment with a doctor if you or your child has worrisome signs or symptoms. Severe abdominal pain requires immediate medical attention. | A blockage in the lining of the appendix that results in infection is the likely cause of appendicitis. The bacteria multiply rapidly, causing the appendix to become inflamed, swollen and filled with pus. If not treated promptly, the appendix can rupture. | Appendicitis can cause serious complications, such as: A ruptured appendix. A rupture spreads infection throughout your abdomen (peritonitis). Possibly life-threatening, this condition requires immediate surgery to remove the appendix and clean your abdom | |
| 164 | 2018-02-01 05:00:35 | Viral hemorrhagic fevers | Viral hemorrhagic (hem-uh-RAJ-ik) fevers are infectious diseases that interfere with the blood's ability to clot. These diseases can also damage the walls of tiny blood vessels, making them leaky. The internal bleeding that results can range from relative | Signs and symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fevers vary by disease. In general, initial symptoms may include: High fever Fatigue Dizziness Muscle, bone or joint aches Weakness Symptoms can become life-threateningSevere cases of some types of viral hemorrhagic | The best time to see a doctor is before you travel to a developing country to ensure you've received any available vaccinations and pre-travel advice for staying healthy. If you develop signs and symptoms once you return home, consult a doctor, preferably | The viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers live naturally in a variety of animal and insect hosts — most commonly mosquitoes, ticks, rodents or bats. Each of these hosts typically lives in a specific geographic area, so each particular disease usuall | Simply living in or traveling to an area where a particular viral hemorrhagic fever is common will increase your risk of becoming infected with that particular virus. Several other factors can increase your risk even more, including: Working with the sick | Viral hemorrhagic fevers can damage your: Brain Eyes Heart Kidneys Liver Lungs Spleen In some cases, the damage is severe enough to cause death. PreventionPreventing viral hemorrhagic fevers, especially in developing nations, presents enormous challenges. |
| 166 | 2018-02-01 05:00:39 | Broken arm | Arm bonesArm bonesYour arm is made up of three bones: the upper arm bone (humerus) and two forearm bones (the ulna and the radius). The term "broken arm" may refer to a fracture in any of these bones. A broken arm involves one or more of the three bones i | Common causes for a broken arm include: Falls. Falling onto an outstretched hand or elbow is the most common cause of a broken arm. Sports injuries. Direct blows and injuries on the field or court cause all types of arm fractures. Significant trauma. Any | Certain medical conditions or physical activities can increase the risk of a broken arm. Certain sports Any sport that involves physical contact or increases your risk of falling — including football, soccer, gymnastics, skiing and skateboarding — also in | The prognosis for most arm fractures is very good if treated early. But complications can include: Uneven growth. Because a child's arm bones are still growing, a fracture in the area where growth occurs near each end of a long bone (growth plate) can int | ||
| 167 | 2018-02-01 05:00:41 | Heart arrhythmias | Heart rhythm problems (heart arrhythmias) occur when the electrical impulses that coordinate your heartbeats don't work properly, causing your heart to beat too fast, too slow or irregularly. Heart arrhythmias (uh-RITH-me-uhs) may feel like a fluttering o | Arrhythmias may not cause any signs or symptoms. In fact, your doctor might find you have an arrhythmia before you do, during a routine examination. Noticeable signs and symptoms don't necessarily mean you have a serious problem, however. Noticeable arrhy | Arrhythmias may cause you to feel premature or extra heartbeats, or you may feel that your heart is racing or beating too slowly. Other signs and symptoms may be related to your heart not pumping effectively due to the fast or slow heartbeat. These includ | Normal heartbeatNormal heartbeatIn a normal heart rhythm, a tiny cluster of cells at the sinus node sends out an electrical signal. The signal then travels through the atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node and then passes into the ventricles, causing th | Certain factors may increase your risk of developing an arrhythmia. These include: Coronary artery disease, other heart problems and previous heart surgery. Narrowed heart arteries, a heart attack, abnormal heart valves, prior heart surgery, heart failure | Certain arrhythmias may increase your risk of developing conditions such as: Stroke. When your heart quivers, it's unable to pump blood effectively, which can cause blood to pool. This can cause blood clots to form. If a clot breaks loose, it can travel f |
| 168 | 2018-02-01 05:00:45 | Arteriosclerosis / atherosclerosis | Arteriosclerosis occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and stiff — sometimes restricting blood flow to your organs and tissues. Healthy arteries are flexible and elas | If you think you have atherosclerosis, talk to your doctor. Also pay attention to early symptoms of inadequate blood flow, such as chest pain (angina), leg pain or numbness. Early diagnosis and treatment can stop atherosclerosis from worsening and prevent | Development of atherosclerosisDevelopment of atherosclerosisAtherosclerosis is a process in which blood, fats such as cholesterol and other substances build up on your artery walls. Eventually, deposits called plaques may form. The deposits may narrow — o | Hardening of the arteries occurs over time. Besides aging, factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include: High blood pressure High cholesterol Diabetes Obesity Smoking and other tobacco use A family history of early heart disease Lack of exerc | The complications of atherosclerosis depend on which arteries are blocked. For example: Coronary artery disease. When atherosclerosis narrows the arteries close to your heart, you may develop coronary artery disease, which can cause chest pain (angina), a | |
| 169 | 2018-02-01 05:00:48 | Arteriovenous fistula | Arteriovenous fistulaArteriovenous fistulaArteriovenous fistulaAn arteriovenous (AV) fistula is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein in which blood flows directly from an artery into a vein, bypassing some capillaries. An arteriovenous (AV) | Small arteriovenous fistulas in your legs, arms, lungs, kidneys or brain often won't have any signs or symptoms and usually don't need treatment other than monitoring by your doctor. Larger arteriovenous fistulas may cause signs and symptoms. Arteriovenou | If you have any of these signs and symptoms, and think you might have an arteriovenous fistula, make an appointment to see your doctor. Early detection of an arteriovenous fistula may make your condition easier to treat and may reduce your risk of develop | Causes of arteriovenous fistulas include: Cardiac catheterization. An arteriovenous fistula may develop as a complication of a procedure called cardiac catheterization. During cardiac catheterization, a long, thin tube called a catheter is inserted in an | Left untreated, an arteriovenous fistula can cause complications, some of which can be serious. These include: Heart failure. This is the most serious complication of large arteriovenous fistulas. Since your blood flows more quickly through an arterioveno | |
| 170 | 2018-02-01 05:00:51 | Arteriovenous malformation | AVM blood flowAVM blood flowIn an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), blood passes quickly from the artery to vein, disrupting the normal blood flow and depriving the surrounding tissues of oxygen. An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal tangle o | |||||
| 171 | 2018-02-01 05:00:55 | Giant cell arteritis | Giant cell arteritis is an inflammation of the lining of your arteries. Most often, it affects the arteries in your head, especially those in your temples. For this reason, giant cell arteritis is sometimes called temporal arteritis. Giant cell arteritis | Giant cell arteritisGiant cell arteritisGiant cell arteritis causes inflammation of certain arteries, especially those near the temples. The most common symptoms of giant cell arteritis are head pain and tenderness — often severe — that usually affects bo | If you develop a new, persistent headache or any of the problems listed above, see your doctor without delay. If you're diagnosed with giant cell arteritis, starting treatment as soon as possible can usually help prevent vision loss. | With giant cell arteritis, the lining of arteries becomes inflamed. This causes them to swell. This swelling narrows your blood vessels, reducing the amount of blood — and, therefore, oxygen and vital nutrients — that reaches your body's tissues. Almost a | Several factors can increase your risk of developing giant cell arteritis, including: Age. Giant cell arteritis affects adults only, and rarely those under 50. Most people with this condition first experience warning signs between the ages of 70 and 80. S | Giant cell arteritis can cause the following complications: Blindness. Diminished blood flow to your eyes can cause sudden, painless vision loss in one or, rarely, both eyes. Loss of vision is usually permanent. Aortic aneurysm. An aneurysm is a bulge tha |
| 172 | 2018-02-01 05:00:57 | Takayasu's arteritis | Large arteriesLarge arteriesTakayasu's arteritis is a form of vasculitis — inflammation of the blood vessels — that damages the large arteries, especially the aorta. Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two up | With Takayasu's arteritis, the aorta and other major arteries, including those leading to your head and kidneys, become inflamed. Over time the inflammation causes changes in these arteries, including thickening, narrowing and scarring. No one knows exact | Takayasu's arteritis primarily affects girls and women between the ages of 10 and 40. The disorder occurs worldwide, but it's most common in Asia. Sometimes the condition runs in families. Complications Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissectionAortic aneurysm | Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissectionAortic aneurysm and aortic dissectionAn aortic aneurysm occurs when a weak spot in the wall of your aorta begins to bulge (left). This can occur anywhere in your aorta. Having an aneurysm increases the risk of an aorti | ||
| 173 | 2018-02-01 05:00:59 | Arthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis vs. osteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritis vs. osteoarthritisOsteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, involves the wearing away of the cartilage that caps the bones in your joints. With rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial membran | The most common signs and symptoms of arthritis involve the joints. Depending on the type of arthritis you have, your signs and symptoms may include: Pain Stiffness Swelling Redness Decreased range of motion Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic CausesThe | The two main types of arthritis — osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis — damage joints in different ways. OsteoarthritisThe most common type of arthritis, osteoarthritis involves wear-and-tear damage to your joint's cartilage — the hard, slick coating | Risk factors for arthritis include: Family history. Some types of arthritis run in families, so you may be more likely to develop arthritis if your parents or siblings have the disorder. Your genes can make you more susceptible to environmental factors th | Severe arthritis, particularly if it affects your hands or arms, can make it difficult for you to do daily tasks. Arthritis of weight-bearing joints can keep you from walking comfortably or sitting up straight. In some cases, joints may become twisted and | |
| 174 | 2018-02-01 05:01:00 | Thumb arthritis | Thumb arthritisThumb arthritisThumb arthritis occurs when the cartilage in the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint wears away. Thumb arthritis is common with aging, and occurs when cartilage wears away from the ends of the bones that form your thumb joint — also | See your doctor if you have persistent swelling, stiffness or pain at the base of your thumb. | Thumb arthritis commonly occurs with aging. Previous trauma or injury to the thumb joint also can cause thumb arthritis. In a normal thumb joint, cartilage covers the ends of the bones — acting as a cushion and allowing the bones to glide smoothly against | Factors that can increase your risk of thumb arthritis include: Female sex. Age above 40 years. Obesity. Certain hereditary conditions, such as joint ligament laxity and malformed joints. Injuries to your thumb joint, such as fractures and sprains. Diseas | ||
| 175 | 2018-02-01 05:01:03 | Gout | Gout is a common and complex form of arthritis that can affect anyone. It's characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in the joints, often the joint at the base of the big toe. An attack of gout can occur suddenly, | If you experience sudden, intense pain in a joint, call your doctor. Gout that goes untreated can lead to worsening pain and joint damage. Seek medical care immediately if you have a fever and a joint is hot and inflamed, which can be a sign of infection. | Gout occurs when urate crystals accumulate in your joint, causing the inflammation and intense pain of a gout attack. Urate crystals can form when you have high levels of uric acid in your blood. Your body produces uric acid when it breaks down purines — | You're more likely to develop gout if you have high levels of uric acid in your body. Factors that increase the uric acid level in your body include: Diet. Eating a diet rich in meat and seafood and drinking beverages sweetened with fruit sugar (fructose) | People with gout can develop more-severe conditions, such as: Recurrent gout. Some people may never experience gout signs and symptoms again. Others may experience gout several times each year. Medications may help prevent gout attacks in people with recu | |
| 176 | 2018-02-01 05:01:05 | Septic arthritis | Septic arthritis is a painful infection in a joint. The infection can come from germs that travel through your bloodstream from another part of your body. Septic arthritis can also occur when a penetrating injury delivers germs directly into the joint. In | Septic arthritis typically causes extreme discomfort and difficulty using the affected joint. The joint could be swollen, red and warm, and you might have a fever. | See your doctor if you have sudden onset of severe pain in a joint. Prompt treatment can help minimize joint damage. | Septic arthritis can be caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus (staph) is the most common cause. Staph commonly lives on even healthy skin. Septic arthritis can develop when an infection, such as a | Risk factors for septic arthritis include: Existing joint problems. Chronic diseases and conditions that affect your joints — such as osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis or lupus — can increase your risk of septic arthritis, as can an artificial jo | If treatment is delayed, septic arthritis can lead to joint degeneration and permanent damage. |
| 177 | 2018-02-01 05:01:08 | Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis in children under the age of 16. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can cause persistent joint pain, swelling and stiffness. Some children may | The most common signs and symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis are: Pain. While your child might not complain of joint pain, you may notice that he or she limps — especially first thing in the morning or after a nap. Swelling. Joint swelling is commo | Take your child to the doctor if he or she has joint pain, swelling or stiffness for more than a week — especially if he or she also has a fever. | Juvenile idiopathic arthritis occurs when the body's immune system attacks its own cells and tissues. It's not known why this happens, but both heredity and environment seem to play a role. Certain gene mutations may make a person more susceptible to envi | Some forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis are more common in girls. ComplicationsSeveral serious complications can result from juvenile idiopathic arthritis. But keeping a careful watch on your child's condition and seeking appropriate medical attention | Several serious complications can result from juvenile idiopathic arthritis. But keeping a careful watch on your child's condition and seeking appropriate medical attention can greatly reduce the risk of these complications: Eye problems. Some forms can c |
| 178 | 2018-02-01 05:01:10 | Osteoarthritis | Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage on the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint in your body, the disorder mo | Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates. Cartilage is a firm, slippery tissue that permits nearly frictionless joint motion. In osteoarthritis, the slick surface of the cartilage becom | Factors that may increase your risk of osteoarthritis include: Older age. The risk of osteoarthritis increases with age. Sex. Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis, though it isn't clear why. Obesity. Carrying extra body weight contributes to os | Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that worsens over time. Joint pain and stiffness may become severe enough to make daily tasks difficult. Some people are no longer able to work. When joint pain is this severe, doctors may suggest joint replacement | ||
| 179 | 2018-02-01 05:01:13 | Psoriatic arthritis | PsoriasisPsoriasisPsoriasis causes cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin, forming thick silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches that are sometimes painful. Psoriatic arthritis is a form of arthritis that affects some people who have psor | Psoriatic arthritis occurs when your body's immune system begins to attack healthy cells and tissue. The abnormal immune response causes inflammation in your joints as well as overproduction of skin cells. It's not entirely clear why the immune system tur | Psoriasis on the nailsPsoriasis on the nailsIn some cases, psoriasis can cause pitted and deformed nails that are thickened and discolored. Nails may also separate from the nail bed. | A small percentage of people with psoriatic arthritis develop arthritis mutilans — a severe, painful and disabling form of the disease. Over time, arthritis mutilans destroys the small bones in your hands, especially the fingers, leading to permanent defo | ||
| 180 | 2018-02-01 05:01:16 | Reactive arthritis | Reactive arthritis is joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection in another part of your body — most often your intestines, genitals or urinary tract. Reactive arthritis usually targets your knees and the joints of your ankles and feet. Inflammatio | If you develop joint pain within a month of having diarrhea or a genital infection, contact your doctor. | Reactive arthritis develops in reaction to an infection in your body, often in your intestines, genitals or urinary tract. You might not be aware of the triggering infection if it causes mild symptoms or none at all. Numerous bacteria can cause reactive a | Certain factors increase your risk of reactive arthritis: Age. Reactive arthritis occurs most frequently in adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Sex. Women and men are equally likely to develop reactive arthritis in response to foodborne infections. Howe | ||
| 181 | 2018-02-01 05:01:17 | Rheumatoid arthritis | Rheumatoid arthritisRheumatoid arthritisRheumatoid arthritis can cause pain, swelling and deformity. As the tissue that lines your joints (synovial membrane) becomes inflamed and thickened, fluid builds up and joints erode and degrade. Rheumatoid arthriti | Rheumatoid arthritis vs. osteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritis vs. osteoarthritisOsteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, involves the wearing away of the cartilage that caps the bones in your joints. With rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial membran | Factors that may increase your risk of rheumatoid arthritis include: Your sex. Women are more likely than men to develop rheumatoid arthritis. Age. Rheumatoid arthritis can occur at any age, but it most commonly begins between the ages of 40 and 60. Famil | Rheumatoid arthritis increases your risk of developing: Osteoporosis. Rheumatoid arthritis itself, along with some medications used for treating rheumatoid arthritis, can increase your risk of osteoporosis — a condition that weakens your bones and makes t | ||
| 184 | 2018-02-01 05:01:18 | Asbestosis | Bronchioles and alveoli in the lungsBronchioles and alveoli in the lungsWithin your lungs, the main airways (bronchi) branch off into smaller and smaller passageways, the smallest of which are called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are tiny air | If you have a history of exposure to asbestos and you're experiencing increasing shortness of breath, talk to your doctor about the possibility of asbestosis. | If you are exposed to high levels of asbestos dust over a long period of time, some of the airborne fibers can become lodged within your alveoli — the tiny sacs inside your lungs where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in your blood. The asbestos fib | People who worked in mining, milling, manufacturing, installation or removal of asbestos products before the late 1970s are at risk of asbestosis. Examples include: Asbestos miners Aircraft and auto mechanics Boiler operators Building construction workers | If you have asbestosis, you're at increased risk of developing lung cancer — especially if you smoke or have a history of smoking. PreventionReducing exposure to asbestos is the best prevention against asbestosis. In the United States, federal law require | |
| 185 | 2018-02-01 05:01:19 | Ascariasis | Ascariasis wormAscariasis wormAscariasis worms are typically pink or white with tapered ends. Female worms can be more than 15 inches (40 centimeters) long and a little less than a quarter inch (6 millimeters) in diameter. Male worms are generally smaller | Most people infected with ascariasis have no symptoms. Moderate to heavy infestations cause various symptoms, depending on which part of your body is affected. | Consult your doctor if you have persistent abdominal pain, diarrhea or nausea. | Ascariasis isn't spread directly from person to person. Instead, a person has to come into contact with soil mixed with human feces that contain ascariasis eggs or infected water. In many developing countries, human feces are used for fertilizer, or poor | Risk factors for ascariasis include: Age. Most people who have ascariasis are 10 years old or younger. Children in this age group may be at higher risk because they're more likely to play in dirt. Warm climate. In the United States, ascariasis is more com | Mild cases of ascariasis usually don't cause complications. If you have a heavy infestation, potentially dangerous complications may include: Slowed growth. Loss of appetite and poor absorption of digested foods put children with ascariasis at risk of not |
| 186 | 2018-02-01 05:01:23 | Atrial septal defect | An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of your heart (atria). The condition is present at birth (congenital). Small defects may never cause a problem and may be found incidentally. It's also possible that small | Many babies born with atrial septal defects don't have associated signs or symptoms. In adults, signs or symptoms may begin around age 30, but in some cases signs and symptoms may not occur until decades later. Atrial septal defect signs and symptoms may | Contact your doctor if you or your child has any of these signs or symptoms: Shortness of breath Tiring easily, especially after activity Swelling of legs, feet or abdomen Heart palpitations or skipped beats These could be signs or symptoms of heart failu | How the heart normally works Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular r | It's not known why atrial septal defects occur, but congenital heart defects appear to run in families and sometimes occur with other genetic problems, such as Down syndrome. If you have a heart defect, or you have a child with a heart defect, a genetic c | A small atrial septal defect may never cause any problems. Small atrial septal defects often close during infancy. Larger defects can cause serious problems, including: Right-sided heart failure Heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias) Increased risk of a |
| 187 | 2018-02-01 05:01:24 | Aspergillosis | Aspergillosis is an infection caused by a type of mold. The illnesses resulting from aspergillosis infection usually affect the respiratory system, but their signs and severity vary greatly. The mold that triggers the illnesses, aspergillus, is everywhere | The signs and symptoms of aspergillosis vary with the type of illness you develop: | If you have asthma or cystic fibrosis, see your doctor whenever you notice a change in your symptoms. Although aspergillosis may not be the cause, it's important to have problems evaluated. If you have a weakened immune system and develop an unexplained f | Aspergillus mold is unavoidable. Outdoors, it's found in decaying leaves and compost and on plants, trees and grain crops. Inside, the spores — the reproductive parts of mold — thrive in air conditioning and heating ducts, insulation, and some food and sp | Your risk of developing aspergillosis depends on your overall health and the extent of your exposure to mold. In general, these factors make you more vulnerable to infection: Weakened immune system. People taking immune-suppressing drugs after undergoing | Depending on the type of infection, aspergillosis can cause a variety of serious complications: Bleeding. Both aspergillomas and invasive aspergillosis can cause severe, and sometimes fatal, bleeding in your lungs. Systemic infection. The most serious com |
| 188 | 2018-02-01 05:01:26 | Asthma | Asthma attackAsthma attackIf you have asthma, the inside walls of the airways in your lungs can become inflamed and swollen. In addition, membranes in your airway linings may secrete excess mucus. The result is an asthma attack. During an asthma attack, y | Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. You may have infrequent asthma attacks, have symptoms only at certain times — such as when exercising — or have symptoms all the time. Asthma signs and symptoms include: Shortness of breath Chest tightness or pa | Seek emergency treatment Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Work with your doctor to determine what to do when your signs and symptoms worsen — and when you need emergency treatment. Signs of an asthma emergency include: Rapid worsening of sho | It isn't clear why some people get asthma and others don't, but it's probably due to a combination of environmental and genetic (inherited) factors. Asthma triggers Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies (allergens) can trigge | A number of factors are thought to increase your chances of developing asthma. These include: Having a blood relative (such as a parent or sibling) with asthma Having another allergic condition, such as atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis (hay fever) B | Asthma complications include: Signs and symptoms that interfere with sleep, work or recreational activities Sick days from work or school during asthma flare-ups Permanent narrowing of the bronchial tubes (airway remodeling) that affects how well you can |
| 189 | 2018-02-01 05:01:29 | Asthma attack | During an asthma attack, also called an asthma exacerbation, your airways become swollen and inflamed. The muscles around the airways contract and the airways also produce extra mucus, causing your breathing (bronchial) tubes to narrow. During an attack, | An overly sensitive immune system makes your airways (bronchial tubes) become inflamed and swollen when you're exposed to certain triggers. Asthma triggers vary from person to person. Common asthma attack triggers include: Pollen, pets, mold and dust mite | Anyone who has asthma is at risk of an asthma attack. You may be at increased risk of a serious asthma attack if: You've had a severe asthma attack in the past You've previously been admitted to the hospital or had to go to the emergency room for asthma Y | Asthma attacks can be serious. Asthma attacks can interrupt everyday activities such as sleep, school, work and exercise, causing a significant impact on your quality of life — and can disrupt the lives of those around you. Serious asthma attacks mean you | ||
| 190 | 2018-02-01 05:01:32 | Childhood asthma | In childhood asthma, the lungs and airways become easily inflamed when exposed to certain triggers, such as inhaling airborne pollen or catching a cold or another respiratory infection. Childhood asthma can cause bothersome daily symptoms that interfere w | Common childhood asthma signs and symptoms include: Frequent, intermittent coughing A whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling Shortness of breath Chest congestion or tightness Chest pain, particularly in younger children Other signs and symptoms of chil | Take your child to see the doctor as soon as possible if you suspect he or she may have asthma. Early treatment will not only help control day-to-day asthma symptoms, but also may prevent asthma attacks. Make an appointment with your child's doctor if you | The underlying causes of childhood asthma aren't fully understood. Developing an overly sensitive immune system generally plays a role. Some factors thought to be involved include: Inherited traits Some types of airway infections at a very young age Expos | Factors that may increase your child's likelihood of developing asthma include: Exposure to tobacco smoke Previous allergic reactions, including skin reactions, food allergies or hay fever (allergic rhinitis) A family history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, | Asthma may cause a number of complications, including: Severe asthma attacks that require emergency treatment or hospital care Permanent narrowing of the airways (bronchial tubes) Missed school days or getting behind in school Poor sleep and fatigue Sympt |
| 191 | 2018-02-01 05:01:35 | Exercise-induced asthma | Exercised-induced asthma is a narrowing of the airways in the lungs that is triggered by strenuous exercise. It causes shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing and other symptoms during or after exercise. The preferred term for this condition is exercise-i | Medical researchers are exploring several ideas regarding the cause of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. There may be more than one biological process that can lead to the condition. Researchers do know that in people who experience exercise-induced b | Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction that is not treated can result in: A lack of beneficial exercise Poor performance in activities you would otherwise enjoy Serious or life-threatening breathing difficulties, particularly among people with poorly manage | |||
| 192 | 2018-02-01 05:01:37 | Occupational asthma | Occupational asthma is asthma that's caused or worsened by breathing in chemical fumes, gases, dust or other substances on the job. Like other types of asthma, occupational asthma can cause chest tightness, wheezing and shortness of breath. When treated e | Seek immediate medical treatment if your symptoms worsen. Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Signs of an asthma attack that needs emergency treatment include: Rapid worsening of shortness of breath or wheezing No improvement even after using s | More than 300 workplace substances have been identified as possible causes of occupational asthma. These substances include: Animal substances, such as proteins found in dander, hair, scales, fur, saliva and body wastes. Chemicals, such as anhydrides, dii | You're at increased risk of developing occupational asthma if: You have existing allergies or asthma. Although this can increase your risk, many people who have allergies or asthma do jobs that expose them to lung irritants and never have symptoms. Allerg | The longer you're exposed to a substance that causes occupational asthma, the worse your symptoms will become — and the longer it will take for them to improve once you end your exposure to the irritant. In some cases, exposure to airborne asthma triggers | |
| 193 | 2018-02-01 05:01:37 | Astigmatism | Astigmatism (uh-STIG-muh-tiz-um) is a common and generally treatable imperfection in the curvature of your eye that causes blurred distance and near vision. Astigmatism occurs when either the front surface of your eye (cornea) or the lens, inside your eye | Simplified anatomy of the eyeSimplified anatomy of the eyeThis simplified illustration of the eye shows the elements most involved in astigmatism: the cornea, lens and retina. AstigmatismAstigmatismAstigmatism is a type of refractive error caused when eit | ||||
| 194 | 2018-02-01 04:54:23 | Astrocytoma | ||||||
| 195 | 2018-02-01 04:54:23 | Atrial tachycardia | ||||||
| 196 | 2018-02-01 05:01:44 | Ataxia | Cerebellum and brainstemCerebellum and brainstemPersistent ataxia usually results from damage to the part of your brain that controls muscle coordination (cerebellum). Ataxia describes a lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements, such | Ataxia can develop over time or come on suddenly. A sign of a number of neurological disorders, ataxia can cause: Poor coordination Unsteady walk and a tendency to stumble Difficulty with fine motor tasks, such as eating, writing or buttoning a shirt Chan | Damage, degeneration or loss of nerve cells in the part of your brain that controls muscle coordination (cerebellum), results in ataxia. Your cerebellum comprises two pingpong-ball-sized portions of folded tissue situated at the base of your brain near yo | |||
| 197 | 2018-02-01 05:01:45 | Atelectasis | Atelectasis (at-uh-LEK-tuh-sis) — a complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung — develops when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated. It's a breathing (respiratory) complication after surgery. Atelectasis is also a poss | Atelectasis is likely to occur when you're already in a hospital. However, seek medical attention right away if you have trouble breathing. Other conditions besides atelectasis can cause breathing difficulties and require an accurate diagnosis and prompt | Atelectasis may be the result of a blocked airway (obstructive) or of pressure from outside the lung (nonobstructive). Almost everyone who has surgery has some atelectasis from anesthesia. Anesthesia changes your regular pattern of breathing and the absor | Factors that increase the risk of atelectasis include: Age — being younger than 3 or older than 60 years of age. Any condition that interferes with spontaneous coughing, yawning and sighing. Confinement to bed with infrequent changes of position. Impaired | The following complications may result from atelectasis: Low blood oxygen (hypoxemia). Atelectasis hampers your lungs' ability to get oxygen to the alveoli. Pneumonia. You're at greater risk of developing pneumonia until the atelectasis has been cleared. | |
| 199 | 2018-02-01 05:01:46 | Athlete’s foot | Athlete's footAthlete's footAthlete's foot is a fungal infection that usually begins between the toes. It can cause a scaly rash that may itch, sting or burn. Athlete's foot (side of foot)Athlete's foot (side of foot)Moccasin-type athlete's foot can cause | Athlete's foot is caused by the same type of fungus that causes ringworm and jock itch. Damp socks and shoes and warm, humid conditions favor the organisms' growth. Athlete's foot is contagious and can be spread by contact with an infected person or from | You are at higher risk of athlete's foot if you: Are a man Frequently wear damp socks or tightfitting shoes Share mats, rugs, bed linens, clothes or shoes with someone who has a fungal infection Walk barefoot in public areas where the infection can spread | Your athlete's foot infection can spread to other parts of your body, including: Your hand. People who scratch or pick at the infected parts of their feet may develop a similar infection in one of their hands. Your nails. The fungi associated with athlete | ||
| 200 | 2018-02-01 05:01:47 | Atopic dermatitis (eczema) | Atopic dermatitis on the legsAtopic dermatitis on the legsAtopic dermatitis can cause small, red bumps, which can be very itchy. When scratched, the bumps may leak fluid and crust over. Atopic dermatitis most often occurs where your skin flexes — inside t | Healthy skin helps retain moisture and protects you from bacteria, irritants and allergens. Eczema is related to a gene variation that affects the skin's ability to provide this protection. This allows your skin to be affected by environmental factors, ir | The primary risk factor for atopic dermatitis is having a personal or family history of eczema, allergies, hay fever or asthma. ComplicationsComplications of atopic dermatitis (eczema) may include: Asthma and hay fever. Eczema sometimes precedes these con | Complications of atopic dermatitis (eczema) may include: Asthma and hay fever. Eczema sometimes precedes these conditions. More than half of young children with atopic dermatitis develop asthma and hay fever by age 13. Chronic itchy, scaly skin. A skin co | ||
| 201 | 2018-02-01 05:01:49 | Atrial fibrillation | Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can increase your risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications. During atrial fibrillation, the heart's two upper chambers (the atria) beat chaotically and irregula | Some people with atrial fibrillation have no symptoms and are unaware of their condition until it's discovered during a physical examination. Those who do have atrial fibrillation symptoms may experience signs and symptoms such as: Palpitations, which are | If you have any symptoms of atrial fibrillation, make an appointment with your doctor. Your doctor may order an electrocardiogram to determine if your symptoms are related to atrial fibrillation or another heart rhythm disorder (arrhythmia). If you have c | Atrial fibrillationAtrial fibrillationIn a normal heart rhythm, a tiny cluster of cells at the sinus node sends out an electrical signal. The signal then travels through the atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node and then passes into the ventricles, caus | Certain factors may increase your risk of developing atrial fibrillation. These include: Age. The older you are, the greater your risk of developing atrial fibrillation. Heart disease. Anyone with heart disease — such as heart valve problems, congenital h | Sometimes atrial fibrillation can lead to the following complications: Stroke. In atrial fibrillation, the chaotic rhythm may cause blood to pool in your heart's upper chambers (atria) and form clots. If a blood clot forms, it could dislodge from your hea |
| 202 | 2018-02-01 05:01:51 | Atrial flutter | Atrial flutterAtrial flutterAtrial flutter is a type of heart rhythm disorder in which the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat too quickly. In atrial flutter, your heart's upper chambers (atria) beat too quickly. This causes the heart to beat in a fast, r | |||||
| 205 | 2018-02-01 05:01:52 | Atrioventricular canal defect | Atrioventricular canal defect is a combination of heart problems resulting in a defect in the center of the heart. The condition occurs when there's a hole between the heart's chambers and problems with the valves that regulate blood flow in the heart. So | Atrioventricular canal defect can involve only the two upper chambers of the heart (partial) or all four chambers (complete). In either type, extra blood circulates in the lungs. | See your doctor if you or your child develops signs or symptoms of atrioventricular canal defect. | Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pum | Factors that might increase a baby's risk of developing atrioventricular canal defect before birth include: Down syndrome German measles (rubella) or another viral illness during a mother's early pregnancy Alcohol consumption during pregnancy Poorly contr | Complications of atrioventricular canal defect can include: Enlargement of the heart. Increased blood flow through the heart forces it to work harder than normal, causing it to enlarge. Pulmonary hypertension. When there is a hole (defect) that allows mix |
| 206 | 2018-02-01 04:54:23 | Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) | ||||||
| 208 | 2018-02-01 05:01:55 | Vaginal atrophy | Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls due to your body having less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. For many women, vaginal atrophy not only makes intercourse painful, bu | Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is caused by a decrease in estrogen production. Less estrogen makes your vaginal tissues thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile. A drop in estrogen levels may occur: After menopause During the years leading | Certain factors may contribute to genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), such as: Smoking. Cigarette smoking affects your blood circulation, resulting in the vagina and other tissues not getting enough oxygen. Smoking also reduces the effects of natur | Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) increases your risk of: Vaginal infections. Changes in the acid balance of your vagina makes vaginal infections (vaginitis) more likely. Urinary problems. Urinary changes associated with GSM can contribute to urin | ||
| 209 | 2018-02-01 05:01:58 | Reactive attachment disorder | Reactive attachment disorder is a rare but serious condition in which an infant or young child doesn't establish healthy attachments with parents or caregivers. Reactive attachment disorder may develop if the child's basic needs for comfort, affection and | Consider getting an evaluation if your child shows any of the signs above. Signs can occur in children who don't have reactive attachment disorder or who have another disorder, such as autism spectrum disorder. It's important to have your child evaluated | To feel safe and develop trust, infants and young children need a stable, caring environment. Their basic emotional and physical needs must be consistently met. For instance, when a baby cries, the need for a meal or a diaper change must be met with a sha | The risk of developing reactive attachment disorder from serious social and emotional neglect or the lack of opportunity to develop stable attachments may increase in children who, for example: Live in a children's home or other institution Frequently cha | Without treatment, reactive attachment disorder can continue for several years and may have lifelong consequences. Some research suggests that some children and teenagers with reactive attachment disorder may display callous, unemotional traits that can i | |
| 212 | 2018-02-01 05:02:02 | Atypical depression | Any type of depression can make you feel sad and keep you from enjoying life. However, atypical depression — also called depression with atypical features — means that your depressed mood can brighten in response to positive events. Other key symptoms inc | Symptoms of depression can vary from person to person. Key signs and symptoms may include: Depression that temporarily lifts in response to good news or positive events Increased appetite that can cause weight gain Increased desire to sleep, usually more | If you feel depressed, make an appointment to see your doctor as soon as you can. Atypical depression may get worse if it isn't treated. If you're reluctant to seek treatment, talk to a friend or loved one, a health care professional, a faith leader, or s | It's not known exactly what causes atypical depression or why some people have different features of depression. Atypical depression often starts in the teenage years, earlier than other types of depression, and can have a more long-term (chronic) course. | Many factors seem to increase the risk of developing or triggering depression, whether it's atypical or not. Risk factors may include: History of bipolar disorder Abuse of alcohol or recreational drugs Physical or sexual abuse Traumatic childhood experien | Like other types of depression, atypical depression is a serious illness that can cause major problems. Atypical depression can result in emotional, behavioral and health problems that affect every area of your life. For example, atypical depression can b |
| 213 | 2018-02-01 05:02:06 | Atypical hyperplasia of the breast | How breast cancer developsHow breast cancer developsDuctal breast cancer is thought to begin with abnormal tissue growth in a breast duct. A. Normal breast duct is shown. B. An overgrowth of normal cells may develop in the breast duct (hyperplasia). C. Ov | Atypical hyperplasia usually doesn't cause any specific symptoms. | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you. Atypical hyperplasia typically doesn't cause symptoms, but it may cause changes to appear on a mammogram. Atypical hyperplasia is usually discovered during a breast bio | It's not clear what causes atypical hyperplasia. Atypical hyperplasia forms when breast cells become abnormal in number, size, shape, growth pattern and appearance. The appearance of the abnormal cells determines the type of atypical hyperplasia: Atypical | Increased risk of breast cancerIf you've been diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia, you have an increased risk of developing breast cancer in the future. Women with atypical hyperplasia have a lifetime risk of breast cancer that is about four times higher | |
| 214 | 2018-02-01 05:02:08 | Autism spectrum disorder | Autism spectrum disorder is a condition related to brain development that impacts how a person perceives and socializes with others, causing problems in social interaction and communication. The disorder also includes limited and repetitive patterns of be | Some children show signs of autism spectrum disorder in early infancy, such as reduced eye contact, lack of response to their name or indifference to caregivers. Other children may develop normally for the first few months or years of life, but then sudde | Babies develop at their own pace, and many don't follow exact timelines found in some parenting books. But children with autism spectrum disorder usually show some signs of delayed development before age 2 years. If you're concerned about your child's dev | Autism spectrum disorder has no single known cause. Given the complexity of the disorder, and the fact that symptoms and severity vary, there are probably many causes. Both genetics and environment may play a role. Genetics. Several different genes appear | The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is rising. It's not clear whether this is due to better detection and reporting or a real increase in the number of cases, or both. Autism spectrum disorder affects children of all races and n | Problems with social interactions, communication and behavior can lead to: Problems in school and with successful learning Employment problems Inability to live independently Social isolation Stress within the family Victimization and being bullied Preven |
| 215 | 2018-02-01 05:02:09 | Autoimmune hepatitis | The liverThe liverThe liver is your largest internal organ. About the size of a football, it's located mainly in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and above your stomach, but a small portion extends into the upper left quadran | Autoimmune hepatitis occurs when the body's immune system, which ordinarily attacks viruses, bacteria and other pathogens, instead targets the liver. This attack on your liver can lead to chronic inflammation and serious damage to liver cells. Just why th | Factors that may increase your risk of autoimmune hepatitis include: Being female. Although both men and women can develop autoimmune hepatitis, the disease is more common in women. A history of certain infections. Autoimmune hepatitis may develop after y | Esophageal varicesEsophageal varicesEsophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus. They're often due to obstructed blood flow through the portal vein, which carries blood from the intestine, pancreas and spleen to the liver. Autoimmune hepatitis | ||
| 216 | 2018-02-01 05:02:12 | Autoimmune pancreatitis | Autoimmune pancreatitis, also called AIP, is a chronic inflammation that is thought to be caused by the body's immune system attacking the pancreas and that responds to steroid therapy. Two subtypes of AIP are now recognized, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 AIP | Autoimmune pancreatitis often doesn't cause any symptoms. See your doctor, however, if you experience unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, or other signs and symptoms that bother you. | Doctors don't know what causes autoimmune pancreatitis, but as in other autoimmune diseases, the body's immune system attacks healthy body tissue. | Autoimmune pancreatitis can cause a variety of complications. Pancreatic insufficiency. AIP may affect the ability of your pancreas to make enough enzymes. Signs and symptoms may include diarrhea, weight loss, metabolic bone disease, and vitamin or minera | ||
| 217 | 2018-02-01 05:02:13 | Autonomic neuropathy | Autonomic neuropathy occurs when the nerves that control involuntary bodily functions are damaged. This may affect blood pressure, temperature control, digestion, bladder function and even sexual function. The nerve damage interferes with the messages sen | Seek medical care promptly if you begin experiencing any of the signs and symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, particularly if you have diabetes and it's poorly controlled. If you have type 2 diabetes, the American Diabetes Association (the Association) reco | Many health conditions can cause autonomic neuropathy. It may also be a side effect of treatments for other diseases, such as cancer. Some common causes of autonomic neuropathy include: Abnormal protein buildup in organs (amyloidosis), which affects the o | Factors that may increase your risk of autonomic neuropathy include: Diabetes. Diabetes, especially when poorly controlled, increases your risk of autonomic neuropathy and other nerve damage. You’re at greatest risk if you have had the disease for more th | ||
| 218 | 2018-02-01 05:02:15 | Avascular necrosis | Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. Also called osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis can lead to tiny breaks in the bone and the bone's eventual collapse. The blood flow to a section of bone can be interrupted if the | Many people have no symptoms in the early stages of avascular necrosis. As the condition worsens, your affected joint may hurt only when you put weight on it. Eventually, the joint may hurt even when you're lying down. Pain can be mild or severe and usual | See your doctor if you have persistent pain in any joint. Seek immediate medical attention if you believe you have a broken bone or a dislocated joint. | Avascular necrosis occurs when blood flow to a bone is interrupted or reduced. Reduced blood supply can be caused by: Joint or bone trauma. An injury, such as a dislocated joint, might damage nearby blood vessels. Cancer treatments involving radiation als | Risk factors for developing avascular necrosis include: Trauma. Injuries, such as hip dislocation or fracture, can damage nearby blood vessels and reduce blood flow to bones. Steroid use. High-dose use of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, is the most c | Untreated, avascular necrosis worsens with time. Eventually the bone may become so weakened that it collapses. Avascular necrosis also causes bone to lose its smooth shape, potentially leading to severe arthritis. PreventionTo reduce your risk of avascula |
| 219 | 2018-02-01 05:02:17 | Bird flu (avian influenza) | Bird flu is caused by a type of influenza virus that rarely infects humans. More than a dozen types of bird flu have been identified, including the two strains that have most recently infected humans — H5N1 and H7N9. When bird flu does strike humans, it c | Signs and symptoms of bird flu may begin within two to seven days of infection, depending on the type. In most cases, they resemble those of conventional influenza, including: Cough Fever Sore throat Muscle aches Headache Shortness of breath Some people a | See your doctor immediately if you develop a fever, cough and body aches and have recently traveled to a part of the world where bird flu occurs. Be sure to let your doctor know if you visited any farms or open-air markets. | Bird flu occurs naturally in wild waterfowl and can spread into domestic poultry, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese. The disease is transmitted via contact with an infected bird's feces, or secretions from its nose, mouth or eyes. Open-air market | The greatest risk factor for bird flu seems to be contact with sick birds or with surfaces contaminated by their feathers, saliva or droppings. The pattern of human transmission remains mysterious. In very few instances, bird flu has been transmitted from | People with bird flu may develop life-threatening complications, including: Pneumonia Pink eye (conjunctivitis) Respiratory failure Kidney dysfunction Heart problems Although bird flu may kill more than half the people it infects, the number of fatalities |
| 221 | 2018-02-01 05:02:19 | Baby acne | Baby acneBaby acneBaby acne is usually characterized by small red bumps on a baby's cheeks, chin and forehead. Baby acne is acne that develops on a newborn's skin. Baby acne can occur anywhere on the face, but usually appears on the cheeks, nose and foreh | Baby acne is usually characterized by small red or white bumps on a baby's cheeks, nose and forehead. It often develops within the first two to four weeks after birth. Many babies also develop tiny white bumps on the nose, chin or cheeks. These are known | Consult your baby's doctor if you're concerned about any aspect of your baby's complexion. Baby acne usually clears up within three to four months. CausesIt's not clear exactly what causes baby acne. By Mayo Clinic Staff | It's not clear exactly what causes baby acne. By Mayo Clinic Staff Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Diagnosis & treatment June 17, 2015 Print Share on: FacebookTwitter References AskMayoExpert. Neonatal acne. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Med | ||
| 222 | 2018-02-01 05:02:22 | Back pain | Back pain is one of the most common reasons people go to the doctor or miss work and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Most people have back pain at least once. Fortunately, you can take measures to prevent or relieve most back pain episodes. If pr | Most back pain gradually improves with home treatment and self-care, usually within two weeks. If not, see your doctor. In rare cases, back pain can signal a serious medical problem. Seek immediate care if your back pain: Causes new bowel or bladder probl | Back pain can come on suddenly and last less than six weeks (acute), which may be caused by a fall or heavy lifting. Back pain that lasts more than three months (chronic) is less common than acute pain. Back pain often develops without a specific cause th | Anyone can develop back pain, even children and teens. Research has yet to prove what contributes to back pain. However, these factors might put you at greater risk of developing back pain: Age. Back pain is more common as you get older, starting around a | ||
| 223 | 2018-02-01 05:02:23 | Vaginitis | Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching and pain. The cause is usually a change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria or an infection. Reduced estrogen levels after menopause and some skin disorders can also ca | The cause depends on what type of vaginitis you have: Bacterial vaginosis. This most common cause of vaginitis results from a change of the normal bacteria found in your vagina, to overgrowth of one of several other organisms. Usually, bacteria normally f | Factors that increase your risk of developing vaginitis include: Hormonal changes, such as those associated with pregnancy, birth control pills or menopause Sexual activity Having a sexually transmitted infection Medications, such as antibiotics and stero | Women with trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis are at a greater risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections because of the inflammation caused by these disorders. In pregnant women, symptomatic bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis have been asso | ||
| 224 | 2018-02-01 05:02:25 | Bacterial vaginosis | Bacterial vaginosis is a type of vaginal inflammation caused by the overgrowth of bacteria naturally found in the vagina, which upsets the natural balance. Women in their reproductive years are most likely to get bacterial vaginosis, but it can affect wom | Bacterial vaginosis results from overgrowth of one of several bacteria naturally found in your vagina. Usually, "good" bacteria (lactobacilli) outnumber "bad" bacteria (anaerobes). But if there are too many anaerobic bacteria, they upset the natural balan | Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis include: Having multiple sex partners or a new sex partner. Doctors don't fully understand the link between sexual activity and bacterial vaginosis, but the condition occurs more often in women who have multiple sex pa | Bacterial vaginosis doesn't generally cause complications. Sometimes, having bacterial vaginosis may lead to: Preterm birth. In pregnant women, bacterial vaginosis is linked to premature deliveries and low birth weight babies. Sexually transmitted infecti | ||
| 225 | 2018-02-01 05:02:28 | Bad breath | HalitosisHalitosisThe microscopic uneven surface of the tongue can trap bacteria that produce odors, contributing to bad breath. Bad breath, also called halitosis, can be embarrassing and in some cases may even cause anxiety. It's no wonder that store she | Bad breath odors vary, depending on the source or the underlying cause. Some people worry too much about their breath even though they have little or no mouth odor, while others have bad breath and don't know it. Because it's difficult to assess how your | If you have bad breath, review your oral hygiene habits. Try making lifestyle changes, such as brushing your teeth and tongue after eating, using dental floss, and drinking plenty of water. If your bad breath persists after making such changes, see your d | Most bad breath starts in your mouth, and there are many possible causes. They include: Food. The breakdown of food particles in and around your teeth can increase bacteria and cause a foul odor. Eating certain foods, such as onions, garlic and spices, al | ||
| 226 | 2018-02-01 05:02:31 | Bags under eyes | Bags under eyes — mild swelling or puffiness under the eyes — are common as you age. With aging, the tissues around your eyes, including some of the muscles supporting your eyelids, weaken. Normal fat that helps support the eyes can then move into the low | You may not like the way they look, but bags under eyes are usually harmless and don't require medical care. See your doctor if the swelling is severe, persistent, painful, itchy or red. Your doctor will want to rule out other possible causes that can con | As you age, the tissue structures and muscles supporting your eyelids weaken. The skin may start to sag, and fat that is normally confined to the area around the eye (orbit) can move into the area below your eyes. Also, the space below your eyes can accum | |||
| 227 | 2018-02-01 05:02:33 | Baker's cyst | Baker's cystBaker's cystSwelling on the back of one knee may be a Baker's cyst. A Baker's cyst can form when joint-lubricating fluid fills a cushioning pouch (bursa) at the back of your knee. A Baker's cyst is a fluid-filled cyst that causes a bulge and a | In some cases, a Baker's cyst causes no pain, and you may not notice it. If you do have signs and symptoms, they might include: Swelling behind your knee, and sometimes in your leg Knee pain Stiffness and inability to fully flex the knee Your symptoms may | If you have pain and swelling behind your knee, see your doctor. Though unlikely, a bulge behind your knee may be a sign of a condition more serious than a fluid-filled cyst. CausesA lubricating fluid called synovial (sih-NO-vee-ul) fluid helps your leg s | A lubricating fluid called synovial (sih-NO-vee-ul) fluid helps your leg swing smoothly and reduces friction between the moving parts of your knee. But sometimes the knee produces too much synovial fluid, resulting in buildup of fluid in an area on the ba | Rarely, a Baker's cyst bursts and synovial fluid leaks into the calf region, causing: Sharp pain in your knee Swelling in the calf Sometimes, redness of your calf or a feeling of water running down your calf These signs and symptoms closely resemble those | |
| 228 | 2018-02-01 05:02:33 | Balance problems | Balance problems are conditions that make you feel unsteady or dizzy. If you are standing, sitting or lying down, you might feel as if you are moving, spinning or floating. If you are walking, you might suddenly feel as if you are tipping over or generall | Signs and symptoms of balance problems include: Sense of motion or spinning (vertigo) Feeling of faintness (presyncope) Loss of balance (disequilibrium) Dizziness Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic CausesBalance problems can be caused by several differ | Balance problems can be caused by several different conditions. The cause of balance problems is usually related to the specific sign or symptom. Sense of motion or spinning (vertigo)Vertigo can be associated with many conditions, including: Benign paroxy | |||
| 230 | 2018-02-01 05:02:34 | Mitral valve prolapse | Mitral valve prolapse and regurgitationMitral valve prolapse and regurgitationThe mitral valve separates the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the left side of the heart. In mitral valve prolapse, the leaflets of the mitral valve bulge (prolapse) int | When your heart is working properly, the mitral valve closes completely during contraction of the left ventricle and prevents blood from flowing back into your heart's upper left chamber (left atrium). But in some people with mitral valve prolapse, one or | Mitral valve prolapse can develop in any person at any age. Serious symptoms of mitral valve prolapse tend to occur most often in men older than 50. Mitral valve prolapse can run in families and may be linked to several other conditions, such as: Marfan s | Although most people with mitral valve prolapse never have problems, complications can occur. They may include: Mitral valve regurgitation. The most common complication is a condition in which the valve leaks blood back into the left atrium (mitral valve | ||
| 231 | 2018-02-01 05:02:36 | Folliculitis | FolliculitisFolliculitisWhen hair follicles are damaged, they may be invaded by viruses, bacteria and fungi, leading to infections such as folliculitis. Superficial folliculitis affects the upper part of the hair follicle and the skin directly next to the | Hot tub folliculitisHot tub folliculitisHot tub folliculitis causes red, round, itchy bumps that may later develop into small pus-filled blisters. The rash is likely to be worse in areas where your swimsuit holds contaminated water against your skin. Pseu | Make an appointment with your doctor if your condition is widespread or the signs and symptoms don't go away after a few days. You may need an antibiotic or an antifungal medication to help control the condition. Types of folliculitisThe two main types of | Folliculitis is most often caused by an infection of hair follicles with Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria. Folliculitis may also be caused by viruses, fungi and even an inflammation from ingrown hairs. Follicles are densest on your scalp, and they o | Anyone can develop folliculitis. But certain factors make you more susceptible to the condition, including: Having a medical condition that reduces your resistance to infection, such as diabetes, chronic leukemia and HIV/AIDS Having acne or dermatitis Tak | Possible complications of folliculitis include: Recurrent or spreading infection Boils under the skin (furunculosis) Permanent skin damage, such as scarring or dark spots Destruction of hair follicles and permanent hair loss PreventionYou can try to preve |
| 235 | 2018-02-01 05:02:38 | Barrett's esophagus | Barrett's esophagusBarrett's esophagusIn Barrett's esophagus, normal esophageal cells are replaced with abnormal cells. Barrett's esophagus is thought to be caused by long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which causes stomach contents to b | The tissue changes that characterize Barrett's esophagus cause no symptoms. The signs and symptoms that you experience are generally due to GERD and may include: Frequent heartburn Difficulty swallowing food Less commonly, chest pain Many people with Barr | If you've had trouble with heartburn and acid reflux for more than five years, ask your doctor about your risk of Barrett's esophagus. Seek immediate help if you: Have chest pain, which may be a symptom of a heart attack Have difficulty swallowing Are vom | The exact cause of Barrett's esophagus isn't known. Most people with Barrett's esophagus have long-standing GERD. In GERD, stomach contents wash back into the esophagus, damaging esophagus tissue. As the esophagus tries to heal itself, the cells can chang | Factors that increase your risk of Barrett's esophagus include: Chronic heartburn and acid reflux. Having GERD that doesn't get better when taking medications known as proton pump inhibitors or having GERD that requires regular medication can increase the | Esophageal cancerEsophageal cancerEsophageal cancer occurs in the cells that line the inside of the esophagus. People with Barrett's esophagus have an increased risk of esophageal cancer. The risk is small, even in people who have precancerous changes in |
| 237 | 2018-02-01 05:02:40 | Basal cell carcinoma | Basal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that most often develops on areas of skin exposed to the sun. This photograph shows a basal cell carcinoma that affects the skin on the lower eyelid. Basal cell carcinom | Where skin cancer developsWhere skin cancer developsSkin cancer begins in the cells that make up the outer layer (epidermis) of your skin. One type of skin cancer called basal cell carcinoma begins in the basal cells, which make skin cells that continuous | Factors that increase your risk of basal cell carcinoma include: Chronic sun exposure. A lot of time spent in the sun — or in commercial tanning booths — increases the risk of basal cell carcinoma. The threat is greater if you live in a sunny or high-alti | Complications of basal cell carcinoma can include: A risk of recurrence. Basal cell carcinomas commonly recur. Even after successful treatment, a lesion may reappear, often in the same place. An increased risk of other types of skin cancer. A history of b | ||
| 239 | 2018-02-01 05:02:42 | Body dysmorphic disorder | Body dysmorphic disorder is a mental disorder in which you can't stop thinking about one or more perceived defects or flaws in your appearance — a flaw that, to others, is either minor or not observable. But you may feel so ashamed and anxious that you ma | It's not known specifically what causes body dysmorphic disorder. Like many other mental illnesses, body dysmorphic disorder may result from a combination of causes, such as: Brain differences. Abnormalities in brain structure or neurochemistry may play a | Certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing or triggering body dysmorphic disorder, including: Having blood relatives with body dysmorphic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder Negative life experiences, such as childhood teasing and traum | Complications that may be caused by or associated with body dysmorphic disorder include, for example: Major depression or other mood disorders Suicidal thoughts or behavior Anxiety disorders Health problems from behaviors such as skin picking Obsessive-co | ||
| 240 | 2018-02-01 05:02:45 | Bedbugs | BedbugBedbugBedbugs are reddish brown, oval and flat, and about the size of an apple seed. During the day, they hide in the cracks and crevices of beds, box springs, headboards and bed frames. Bedbugs are small, reddish-brown parasitic insects that bite t | Bedbug bitesBedbug bitesIt can be difficult to tell bedbug bites from other types of insect bites. However, they are typically itchy, and they may appear clustered or lined up in rough rows. It can be difficult to distinguish bedbug bites from other insec | If you experience allergic reactions or severe skin reactions to bedbug bites, see your doctor for professional treatment. | Bedbug infestations may be linked to: Increased international travel Changes in pest control practices Insecticide resistance Where do they hide?Bedbug infestations usually occur around or near where people sleep. They hide in the cracks and crevices of: | Bedbugs are more common in crowded lodgings that experience high turnover in occupancy, such as: Apartment complexes Dorm rooms Homeless shelters Hotels Cruise ships Trains and buses Refugee camps | |
| 241 | 2018-02-01 05:02:47 | Bedsores (pressure ulcers) | BedsoreBedsoreBedsores are areas of damaged skin and tissue caused by sustained pressure — often from a bed or wheelchair — that reduces blood circulation to vulnerable areas of the body. Bedsores — also called pressure ulcers and decubitus ulcers — are i | Warning signs of pressure ulcers are: Unusual changes in skin color or texture Swelling Pus-like draining An area of skin that feels cooler or warmer to the touch than other areas Tender areas Bedsores fall into one of several stages based on their depth, | If you notice warning signs of a bedsore, change your position to relieve the pressure on the area. If you don't see improvement in 24 to 48 hours, contact your doctor. Seek immediate medical care if you show signs of infection, such as a fever, drainage | Bedsores are caused by pressure against the skin that limits blood flow to the skin. Other factors related to limited mobility can make the skin vulnerable to damage and contribute to the development of pressure sores. Three primary contributing factors f | People are at risk of developing pressure sores if they have difficulty moving and are unable to easily change position while seated or in bed. Risk factors include: Immobility. This might be due to poor health, spinal cord injury and other causes. Lack o | Complications of pressure ulcers, some life-threatening, include: Cellulitis. Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and connected soft tissues. It can cause warmth, redness and swelling of the affected area. People with nerve damage often do not feel pai |
| 242 | 2018-02-01 05:02:48 | Bed-wetting | Bed-wetting — also called nighttime incontinence or nocturnal enuresis — is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which staying dry at night can be reasonably expected. Soggy sheets and pajamas — and an embarrassed child — are a familiar sce | Most kids are fully toilet trained by age 5, but there's really no target date for developing complete bladder control. Between the ages of 5 and 7, bed-wetting remains a problem for some children. After 7 years of age, a small number of children still we | Most children outgrow bed-wetting on their own — but some need a little help. In other cases, bed-wetting may be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention. Consult your child's doctor if: Your child still wets the bed after age 7 Your | No one knows for sure what causes bed-wetting, but various factors may play a role: A small bladder. Your child's bladder may not be developed enough to hold urine produced during the night. Inability to recognize a full bladder. If the nerves that contro | Bed-wetting can affect anyone, but it's twice as common in boys as in girls. Several factors have been associated with an increased risk of bed-wetting, including: Stress and anxiety. Stressful events — such as becoming a big brother or sister, starting a | Although frustrating, bed-wetting without a physical cause doesn't pose any health risks. However, bed-wetting can create some issues for your child, including: Guilt and embarrassment, which can lead to low self-esteem Loss of opportunities for social ac |
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