disease_x_diagnosis_and_treatment.id,disease.id,disease.ts,disease.title,disease.overview,disease.symptoms,disease.when_to_see_a_doctor,disease.causes,disease.risk_factors,disease.complications,diagnosis_and_treatment.id,diagnosis_and_treatment.ts,diagnosis_and_treatment.title,diagnosis_and_treatment.diagnosis,diagnosis_and_treatment.treatment,diagnosis_and_treatment.clinical_trials,diagnosis_and_treatment.lifestyle_and_home_remedies,diagnosis_and_treatment.preparing_for_your_appointment
101,130,"2018-02-01 04:59:33","Broken ankle/broken foot","Foot and ankle bonesFoot and ankle bonesA fall or blow to your ankle can break one or more of the three bones in your ankle joint — the fibula, the tibia and the talus — while rolling your ankle can cause a break in the knobby bumps at the end of the tibi",,,"The most common causes of a broken ankle or a broken foot include: Car accidents. The crushing injuries common in car accidents may cause breaks that require surgical repair. Falls. Tripping and falling can break bones in your ankles or feet, as can landi","You may be at higher risk of a broken foot or ankle if you: Participate in high-impact sports. The stresses, direct blows and twisting injuries that occur in sports such as basketball, football, gymnastics, tennis and soccer are causes of foot and ankle f","Complications of a broken ankle or broken foot are uncommon but may include: Arthritis. Fractures that extend into the joint can cause arthritis years later. If your ankle or foot starts to hurt long after a break, see your doctor for an evaluation. Bone ",101,"2018-02-01 20:33:13","Broken ankle/broken foot","During the physical exam, your doctor will check for points of tenderness in your foot and ankle. The precise location of your pain can help determine its cause. He or she may move your foot into different positions, to check your range of motion. You may","Treatments for a broken ankle or broken foot will vary, depending on which bone has been broken and the severity of the injury. MedicationsYour doctor may recommend an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). TherapyAfter y","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"You will likely initially seek treatment for a broken ankle or broken foot in an emergency room or urgent care clinic. If the pieces of broken bone aren't lined up properly for healing, you may be referred to a doctor specializing in orthopedic surgery. W"
102,131,"2018-02-01 04:59:35","Sprained ankle","A sprained ankle is an injury that occurs when you roll, twist or turn your ankle in an awkward way. This can stretch or tear the tough bands of tissue (ligaments) that help hold your ankle bones together. Ligaments help stabilize joints, preventing exces",,,"Sprained ankleSprained ankleA sprained ankle is the stretching or tearing of ankle ligaments, which support the joint by connecting bones to each other. A sprain occurs when your ankle is forced to move out of its normal position, which can cause one or m","Factors that increase your risk of a sprained ankle include: Sports participation. Ankle sprains are a common sports injury, particularly in sports that require jumping, cutting action, or rolling or twisting of the foot such as basketball, tennis, footba","Failing to treat a sprained ankle properly, engaging in activities too soon after spraining your ankle or spraining your ankle repeatedly might lead to the following complications: Chronic ankle pain Chronic ankle joint instability Arthritis in the ankle ",102,"2018-02-01 20:33:16","Sprained ankle","During a physical, your doctor will examine your ankle, foot and lower leg. The doctor will touch the skin around the injury to check for points of tenderness and move your foot to check the range of motion and to understand what positions cause discomfor","Treatment for a sprained ankle depends on the severity of your injury. The treatment goals are to reduce pain and swelling, promote healing of the ligament, and restore function of the ankle. For severe injuries, you may be referred to a specialist in mus",,,"Schedule an appointment or get emergency medical care for suspected sprains that don't respond to self-care strategies or that cause continued pain or instability. If your sprain is severe, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in sports medicin"
103,132,"2018-02-01 04:59:38","Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia)","Tongue-tieTongue-tieTongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue's tip to the floor of the mouth. If necessary, tongue-tie can be treated with a su",,"See a doctor if: Your baby has signs of tongue-tie that cause problems, such as having trouble breast-feeding A speech-language pathologist thinks your child's speech is affected by tongue-tie Your older child complains of tongue problems that interfere w","Typically, the lingual frenulum separates before birth, allowing the tongue free range of motion. With tongue-tie, the lingual frenulum remains attached to the bottom of the tongue. Why this happens is largely unknown, although some cases of tongue-tie ha","Although tongue-tie can affect anyone, it's more common in boys than girls. Tongue-tie sometimes runs in families. ComplicationsTongue-tie can affect a baby's oral development, as well as the way he or she eats, speaks and swallows. For example, tongue-ti","Tongue-tie can affect a baby's oral development, as well as the way he or she eats, speaks and swallows. For example, tongue-tie can lead to: Breast-feeding problems. Breast-feeding requires a baby to keep his or her tongue over the lower gum while suckin",103,"2018-02-01 20:33:17","Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia)","Tongue-tie is typically diagnosed during a physical exam. For infants, the doctor might use a screening tool to score various aspects of the tongue's appearance and ability to move.","Tongue-tieTongue-tieTongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a condition in which an unusually short, thick or tight band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the bottom of the tongue's tip to the floor of the mouth. If necessary, tongue-tie can be treated with a su",,,"Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment and know what to expect from your doctor. What you can do Prepare a list of questions to help you make the most of your time with the doctor. For tongue-tie, you might ask: How severe is t"
104,133,"2018-02-01 04:59:39","Ankylosing spondylitis","Ankylosing spondylitisAnkylosing spondylitisAs ankylosing spondylitis worsens, new bone forms as part of the body's attempt to heal. The new bone gradually bridges the gap between vertebrae and eventually fuses sections of vertebrae together. Fused verteb",,,"Ankylosing spondylitis has no known specific cause, though genetic factors seem to be involved. In particular, people who have a gene called HLA-B27 are at greatly increased risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis. However, only some people with the gen","Your sex. Men are more likely to develop ankylosing spondylitis than are women. Your age. Onset generally occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood. Your heredity. Most people who have ankylosing spondylitis have the HLA-B27 gene. But many people who ","In severe ankylosing spondylitis, new bone forms as part of the body's attempt to heal. This new bone gradually bridges the gap between vertebrae and eventually fuses sections of vertebrae. Those parts of your spine become stiff and inflexible. Fusion can",104,"2018-02-01 20:33:20","Ankylosing spondylitis","During the physical exam, your doctor might ask you to bend in different directions to test the range of motion in your spine. He or she might try to reproduce your pain by pressing on specific portions of your pelvis or by moving your legs into a particu","The goal of treatment is to relieve your pain and stiffness, and prevent or delay complications and spinal deformity. Ankylosing spondylitis treatment is most successful before the disease causes irreversible damage to your joints. MedicationsNonsteroidal","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Besides seeing your doctor regularly and taking your medications as prescribed, here are some things you can do to help your condition. Stay active. Exercise can help ease pain, maintain flexibility and improve your posture. Apply heat and cold. Heat appl","You might first bring your symptoms to the attention of your family doctor. He or she may refer you to a doctor who specializes in inflammatory disorders (rheumatologist). Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment. What you can do"
105,134,"2018-02-01 04:59:43","Anorexia nervosa","Anorexia (an-o-REK-see-uh) nervosa — often simply called anorexia — is an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body weight. People with anorexia place a high value on ",,,"The exact cause of anorexia nervosa is unknown. As with many diseases, it's probably a combination of biological, psychological and environmental factors. Biological. Although it's not yet clear which genes are involved, there may be genetic changes that ","Certain risk factors increase the risk of anorexia nervosa, including: Being female. Anorexia is more common in girls and women. However, boys and men have been increasingly developing eating disorders, perhaps because of growing social pressures. Young a","Anorexia nervosa can have numerous complications. At its most severe, it can be fatal. Death may occur suddenly — even when someone is not severely underweight. This may result from abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) or an imbalance of electrolytes — mi",105,"2018-02-01 20:33:22","Anorexia nervosa","If your doctor suspects that you have anorexia nervosa, he or she will typically run several tests and exams to help pinpoint a diagnosis, rule out medical causes for the weight loss, and check for any related complications. These exams and tests generall","When you have anorexia nervosa, you may need several types of treatment. Treatment is generally done using a team approach that includes medical providers, mental health providers and dietitians, all with experience in eating disorders. Ongoing therapy an","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","When you have anorexia nervosa, it can be difficult to take care of yourself properly. In addition to professional treatment, follow these steps: Stick to your treatment plan. Don't skip therapy sessions and try not to stray from meal plans, even if they ","Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment and know what to expect from your doctor and other health providers. What you can doBefore your appointment, make a list of: Any symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem u"
106,136,"2018-02-01 04:59:46",Anorgasmia,"Anorgasmia is the medical term for regular difficulty reaching orgasm after ample sexual stimulation, causing you personal distress. Anorgasmia is a common occurrence, affecting a significant number of women. Orgasms vary in intensity, and women vary in t","An orgasm is a feeling of intense physical pleasure and release of tension, accompanied by involuntary, rhythmic contractions of your pelvic floor muscles. But it doesn't always look — or sound — like it does in the movies. The way an orgasm feels varies ","Talk to your doctor if you have questions about orgasm or concerns about your ability to reach orgasm. You may find that your sexual experiences are normal. Or your doctor may recommend strategies to reduce your anxiety and increase your satisfaction.","Despite what you see in the media, orgasm is no simple, sure thing. This pleasurable peak is actually a complex reaction to many physical, emotional and psychological factors. If you're experiencing trouble in any of these areas, it can affect your abilit",,,106,"2018-02-01 20:33:26",Anorgasmia,"A medical evaluation for anorgasmia usually consists of: A thorough medical history. Your doctor may ask about your sexual history, surgical history and current relationship. Don't let embarrassment stop you from giving candid answers. These questions pro","Anorgasmia can be difficult to treat. Your treatment plan will depend on the underlying cause of your symptoms, but your doctor may recommend a combination of lifestyle changes, therapy and medication. Lifestyle changes and therapy For most women, a key p",,,"If you rarely or never experience orgasm from sexual activity and it distresses you, make an appointment with your doctor. Your regular doctor may diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist who can. You may feel embarrassed to talk about "
107,138,"2018-02-01 04:59:48","Anterior prolapse (cystocele)","Anterior prolapse, also known as a cystocele (SIS-toe-seel), occurs when the supportive tissue between a woman's bladder and vaginal wall weakens and stretches, allowing the bladder to bulge into the vagina. Anterior prolapse is also called a prolapsed bl","In mild cases of anterior prolapse, you may not notice any signs or symptoms. When signs and symptoms occur, they may include: A feeling of fullness or pressure in your pelvis and vagina Increased discomfort when you strain, cough, bear down or lift A fee","A severely prolapsed bladder can be uncomfortable. It can make emptying your bladder difficult and may lead to bladder infections. Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that bother you.","CystoceleCystoceleA dropped or prolapsed bladder (cystocele) occurs when the bladder wall bulges into the vaginal space. It results when supporting muscles and tissues for the bladder give way. Your pelvic floor consists of muscles, ligaments and connecti","These factors may increase your risk of anterior prolapse: Childbirth. Women who have vaginally delivered one or more children have a higher risk of anterior prolapse. Aging. Your risk of anterior prolapse increases as you age. This is especially true aft",,107,"2018-02-01 20:33:28","Anterior prolapse (cystocele)","Diagnosis of anterior prolapse may involve: A pelvic exam. You may be examined while lying down and while standing up. During the exam, your doctor looks for a tissue bulge into your vagina that indicates pelvic organ prolapse. You'll likely be asked to b","Types of pessariesTypes of pessariesPessaries come in many shapes and sizes. The device fits into your vagina and provides support to vaginal tissues displaced by pelvic organ prolapse. Your doctor can fit you for a pessary and help you decide which type ","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Kegel exercises strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, which support the uterus, bladder and bowel. A strengthened pelvic floor provides better support for your pelvic organs and relief from symptoms associated with anterior prolapse. To perform Kegel exer","Make an appointment with your family doctor or gynecologist if you have signs or symptoms of anterior prolapse that bother you or interfere with your normal activities. Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment and know what to expe"
108,139,"2018-02-01 04:59:51",Anthrax,"Anthrax is a rare but serious illness caused by a spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax mainly affects livestock and wild game. Humans can become infected through direct or indirect contact with sick animals. There's no evidence that anthra",,,"Anthrax spores are formed by anthrax bacteria that occur naturally in soil in most parts of the world. The spores can remain dormant for years until they find their way into a host. Common hosts for anthrax include wild or domestic livestock, such as shee","To contract anthrax, you must come in direct contact with anthrax spores. This is more likely if you: Are in the military and deployed to an area with a high risk of exposure to anthrax Work with anthrax in a laboratory setting Handle animal skins, furs o","The most serious complication of anthrax is inflammation of the membranes and fluid covering the brain and spinal cord, leading to massive bleeding (hemorrhagic meningitis) and death. PreventionAntibiotics are recommended to prevent infection in anyone ex",108,"2018-02-01 20:33:31",Anthrax,"Your doctor will first want to rule out other, more common conditions that may be causing your signs and symptoms, such as flu (influenza) or pneumonia. You may have a rapid flu test to quickly diagnose a case of influenza. If other tests are negative, yo","The standard treatment for anthrax is a 60-day course of an antibiotic, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro) or doxycycline (Monodox, Vibramycin, others). Which single antibiotic or combination of antibiotics will be most effective for you depends on how you wer",,,"Symptoms of anthrax often come on suddenly and can be very serious. If you've been exposed to anthrax or develop symptoms after a possible exposure, immediately go to the emergency room. If your situation is less urgent, set up an appointment with your do"
109,140,"2018-02-01 04:59:54","Pseudomembranous colitis","Colon and rectumColon and rectumThe colon, also called the large intestine, is a long tube-like organ in your abdomen. The colon carries waste to be expelled from the body. The rectum makes up the last several inches of the colon. Pseudomembranous (SOO-do","Signs and symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may include: Diarrhea that can be watery or even bloody Abdominal cramps, pain or tenderness Fever Pus or mucus in your stool Nausea Dehydration Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis can begin as soon as one t","If you are currently taking or have recently taken antibiotics and you develop diarrhea, contact your doctor, even if the diarrhea is relatively mild. Also, see your doctor any time you have severe diarrhea, with fever, painful abdominal cramps, or blood ","Usually, your body keeps the many bacteria in your colon in a naturally healthy balance. However, antibiotics and other medications can upset this balance. Pseudomembranous colitis occurs when certain bacteria — usually C. difficile — rapidly outgrow othe","Factors that may increase your risk of pseudomembranous colitis include: Taking antibiotics Staying in the hospital or a nursing home Increasing age, especially over 65 years Having a weakened immune system Having a colon disease, such as inflammatory bow","Treatment of pseudomembranous colitis is usually successful. However, even with prompt diagnosis and treatment, pseudomembranous colitis can be life-threatening. Possible complications include: Abnormally low levels of potassium in your blood (hypokalemia",109,"2018-02-01 20:33:33","Pseudomembranous colitis","Tests and procedures used to diagnose pseudomembranous colitis and to search for complications include: Stool sample. There are a number of different stool sample tests used to detect C. difficile infection of the colon. Blood tests. These may reveal an a","Treatment strategies include: Stopping the antibiotic or other medication that's thought to be causing your signs and symptoms, if possible. Sometimes, this may be enough to resolve your condition or at least ease signs, such as diarrhea. Starting an anti",,"Some research suggests that concentrated supplements of good bacteria and yeasts (probiotics) can help prevent C. difficile infection, but more studies are needed for their use in treating recurrences. They are safe to use and available in capsule or liqu","Your primary care doctor can usually treat pseudomembranous colitis. Based on your signs and symptoms, you may be referred to a specialist in digestive diseases (gastroenterologist). If your signs and symptoms are particularly severe, you may be told to s"
110,141,"2018-02-01 04:59:57","Antibiotic-associated diarrhea","Antibiotic-associated diarrhea refers to passing loose, watery stools three or more times a day after taking medications used to treat bacterial infections (antibiotics). Most often, antibiotic-associated diarrhea is mild and requires no treatment. The di",,,"Why antibiotic-associated diarrhea occurs isn't completely understood. It's commonly thought to develop when antibacterial medications (antibiotics) upset the balance of good and bad bacteria in your gastrointestinal tract. The antibiotics most likely to ","Antibiotic-associated diarrhea can occur in anyone who takes an antibiotic. But you're more likely to develop antibiotic-associated diarrhea if you: Have had antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the past Have taken antibiotic medications for an extended time","One of the most common complications of any type of diarrhea is extreme loss of fluids and electrolytes (dehydration). Severe dehydration can be life-threatening. Signs and symptoms include a very dry mouth, intense thirst, little or no urination, and wea",110,"2018-02-01 20:33:37","Antibiotic-associated diarrhea","To diagnose antibiotic-associated diarrhea, your doctor is likely to question you about your health history, including whether you've had recent antibiotic treatments.","Treatment for antibiotic-associated diarrhea depends on the severity of your signs and symptoms. Treatments to cope with mild antibiotic-associated diarrheaIf you have mild diarrhea, your symptoms likely will clear up within a few days after your antibiot",,"To cope with diarrhea: Drink enough fluids. To counter a mild loss of fluids from diarrhea, drink more water. For a more-severe loss, drink fluids that contain water, sugar and salt. Try broth or watered fruit juice. Avoid beverages that are high in sugar","Make an appointment with the doctor who prescribed the antibiotic. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment. What you can doMake a list of: Your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you schedule"
111,142,"2018-02-01 05:00:00","Antiphospholipid syndrome","Antiphospholipid (AN-te-fos-fo-LIP-id) syndrome occurs when your immune system attacks some of the normal proteins in your blood. It can cause blood clots in your arteries or veins. And it can cause pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage and stillbi",,,"The role of phospholipids In antiphospholipid syndrome, your blood clots abnormally because your body mistakenly produces antibodies that attack phospholipids, a type of fat that plays a key role in clotting. Antibodies are proteins that normally protect ","Antiphospholipid syndrome affects women much more than it does men. Other risk factors include: Having an autoimmune condition, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjogren's syndrome Having certain infections, such as syphilis, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C o","Depending on which organ is affected by a blood clot and how severe the obstruction of blood flow to that organ is, untreated antiphospholipid syndrome can lead to permanent organ damage or death. Complications include: Kidney failure. This can result fro",111,"2018-02-01 20:33:40","Antiphospholipid syndrome","If you have one or more episodes of thrombosis or pregnancy loss that aren't explained by known health conditions, your doctor can schedule blood tests to check for abnormal clotting and for the presence of antibodies to phospholipids. To confirm a diagno","Doctors generally use medications that reduce your blood's tendency to clot to help prevent complications of antiphospholipid syndrome. Standard initial treatmentIf you have thrombosis, standard initial treatment involves a combination of blood-thinning (",,"Depending on your treatment plan for antiphospholipid syndrome, there are additional steps you can take to protect your health. If you take anticoagulants Take extra care to keep from injuring yourself and to avoid bleeding. Avoid contact sports or other ","In most cases, complications of antiphospholipid syndrome — such as DVT, stroke or pregnancy loss — will prompt you to seek medical care. Depending on your complication, you'll likely see a specialist in vascular disease, obstetrics or hematology. Here's "
112,143,"2018-02-01 05:00:00","Antisocial personality disorder","Antisocial personality disorder, sometimes called sociopathy, is a mental condition in which a person consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others. People with antisocial personality disorder tend to antag",,,"Personality is the combination of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that makes everyone unique. It's the way people view, understand and relate to the outside world, as well as how they see themselves. Personality forms during childhood, shaped through an ","Certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing antisocial personality disorder, such as: Diagnosis of childhood conduct disorder Family history of antisocial personality disorder or other personality disorders or mental illness Being subjected to","Complications, consequences and problems of antisocial personality disorder may include, for example: Spouse abuse or child abuse or neglect Alcohol or substance abuse Being in jail or prison Homicidal or suicidal behaviors Having other mental health diso",112,"2018-02-01 20:33:42","Antisocial personality disorder","People with antisocial personality disorder are unlikely to believe they need help. However, they may seek help from their health care provider because of other symptoms such as depression, anxiety or angry outbursts or for treatment of substance abuse. P","Though antisocial personality disorder is difficult to treat, for some people, treatment and close follow-up over the long term may be beneficial. Look for medical and mental health professionals with experience in treating antisocial personality disorder",,,"If a medical evaluation rules out physical causes for your behavior, your primary care doctor may make a referral to a psychiatrist. Take a family member or friend along to your appointment, if possible. With your permission, someone who has known you for"
113,144,"2018-02-01 05:00:03",Anxiety,"Experiencing occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. However, people with anxiety disorders frequently have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. Often, anxiety disorders involve repeated episodes of sudden feeli","Common anxiety signs and symptoms include: Feeling nervous, restless or tense Having a sense of impending danger, panic or doom Having an increased heart rate Breathing rapidly (hyperventilation) Sweating Trembling Feeling weak or tired Trouble concentrat","See your doctor if: You feel like you're worrying too much and it's interfering with your work, relationships or other parts of your life Your fear, worry or anxiety is upsetting to you and difficult to control You feel depressed, have trouble with alcoho","The causes of anxiety disorders aren't fully understood. Life experiences such as traumatic events appear to trigger anxiety disorders in people who are already prone to anxiety. Inherited traits also can be a factor. Medical causesFor some people, anxiet","These factors may increase your risk of developing an anxiety disorder: Trauma. Children who endured abuse or trauma or witnessed traumatic events are at higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder at some point in life. Adults who experience a traumati","Having an anxiety disorder does more than make you worry. It can also lead to, or worsen, other mental and physical conditions, such as: Depression (which often occurs with an anxiety disorder) or other mental health disorders Substance abuse Trouble slee",113,"2018-02-01 20:33:45",Anxiety,"You may start by seeing your primary care doctor to find out if your anxiety could be related to your physical health. Your doctor can check for signs of an underlying medical condition that may need treatment. However, you may need to see a mental health","The two main treatments for anxiety disorders are psychotherapy and medications. You may benefit most from a combination of the two. It may take some trial and error to discover which treatments work best for you. PsychotherapyAlso known as talk therapy o","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","While most people with anxiety disorders need psychotherapy or medications to get anxiety under control, lifestyle changes also can make a difference. Here's what you can do: Keep physically active. Develop a routine so that you're physically active most ","You may start by seeing your primary care doctor. He or she may refer you to a mental health professional. What you can doBefore your appointment, make a list of: Your anxiety symptoms. Note when they occur, whether anything seems to make them better or w"
114,145,"2018-02-01 05:00:05","Generalized anxiety disorder","It's normal to feel anxious from time to time, especially if your life is stressful. However, excessive, ongoing anxiety and worry that are difficult to control and interfere with day-to-day activities may be a sign of generalized anxiety disorder. It's p",,,"As with many mental health conditions, the cause of generalized anxiety disorder likely arises from a complex interaction of biological and environmental factors, which may include: Differences in brain chemistry and function Genetics Differences in the w","Women are diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder somewhat more often than men are. The following factors may increase the risk of developing generalized anxiety disorder: Personality. A person whose temperament is timid or negative or who avoids anyt","Having generalized anxiety disorder can be disabling. It can: Impair your ability to perform tasks quickly and efficiently because you have trouble concentrating Take your time and focus from other activities Sap your energy Increase your risk of depressi",114,"2018-02-01 20:33:49","Generalized anxiety disorder","To help diagnose generalized anxiety disorder, your doctor or mental health professional may: Do a physical exam to look for signs that your anxiety might be linked to medications or an underlying medical condition Order blood or urine tests or other test","Treatment decisions are based on how significantly generalized anxiety disorder is affecting your ability to function in your daily life. The two main treatments for generalized anxiety disorder are psychotherapy and medications. You may benefit most from","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","While most people with anxiety disorders need psychotherapy or medications to get anxiety under control, lifestyle changes also can make a difference. Here's what you can do: Keep physically active. Develop a routine so that you're physically active most ","You may see your primary care doctor, or your doctor may refer you to a mental health professional. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment. What you can doBefore your appointment, make a list of: Any symptoms you've been experi"
115,146,"2018-02-01 05:00:08","Social anxiety disorder","It's normal to feel nervous in some social situations. For example, going on a date or giving a presentation may cause that feeling of butterflies in your stomach. But in social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, everyday interactions cause sign",,,"Like many other mental health conditions, social anxiety disorder likely arises from a complex interaction of biological and environmental factors. Possible causes include Inherited traits. Anxiety disorders tend to run in families. However, it isn't enti","Several factors can increase the risk of developing social anxiety disorder, including: Family history. You're more likely to develop social anxiety disorder if your biological parents or siblings have the condition. Negative experiences. Children who exp","Left untreated, social anxiety disorder can run your life. Anxieties can interfere with work, school, relationships or enjoyment of life. Social anxiety disorder can cause: Low self-esteem Trouble being assertive Negative self-talk Hypersensitivity to cri",115,"2018-02-01 20:33:52","Social anxiety disorder","Your doctor will want to determine whether other conditions may be causing your anxiety or if you have social anxiety disorder along with another physical or mental health disorder. Your doctor may determine a diagnosis based on: Physical exam to help ass","Treatment depends on how much social anxiety disorder affects your ability to function in daily life. The two most common types of treatment for social anxiety disorder are psychotherapy (also called psychological counseling or talk therapy) or medication",,"Although social anxiety disorder generally requires help from a medical expert or qualified psychotherapist, you can try some of these techniques to handle situations that are likely to trigger your symptoms: Learn stress reduction skills Get physical exe","You may see your primary care doctor, or your doctor may refer you to a mental health professional. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment. What you can doBefore your appointment, make a list of: Any symptoms you've been experi"
116,149,"2018-02-01 05:00:12","Coarctation of the aorta","Coarctation of the aortaCoarctation of the aortaCoarctation of the aorta is a narrowing, or constriction, in a portion of the aorta. The condition forces the heart to pump harder to get blood through the aorta and on to the rest of the body. Coarctation (",,,"Doctors aren't certain what causes coarctation of the aorta (aortic coarctation). For unknown reasons, mild to severe narrowing develops in part of the aorta. Although aortic coarctation can occur anywhere along the aorta, the coarctation is most often lo","Coarctation of the aorta often occurs along with other congenital heart defects, although doctors don't know what causes multiple heart defects to form together. The condition is more common in males than in females. You or your child may be more likely t","Untreated coarctation of the aorta frequently leads to complications. Some complications may be a result of long-standing high blood pressure caused by the aortic coarctation. Complications are also possible after treatment for coarctation of the aorta. C",116,"2018-02-01 20:33:57","Coarctation of the aorta","The age at which coarctation of the aorta is diagnosed depends on the severity of the condition. If the aortic coarctation is severe, it's usually diagnosed during infancy. Testing for coarctation of the aorta before birth often isn't possible. Adults and","Treatment options for coarctation of the aorta depend on your age at the time of diagnosis and the severity of your condition. Other heart defects might be repaired at the same time as aortic coarctation. Treatment approaches usually consist of surgery or",,"Although coarctation of the aorta may be repaired, you'll need careful follow-up throughout life in order for doctors to monitor you for complications and recurrences. Your doctor may suggest that you have regular follow-up appointments with a doctor who ","If you or your child develops signs and symptoms common to coarctation of the aorta, call your doctor. After an initial exam, it's likely that the doctor will refer you or your child to a doctor trained in the diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions ("
117,150,"2018-02-01 05:00:12","Aortic dissection","Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysmAortic dissection and aortic aneurysmAn aortic aneurysm occurs when a weak spot in the wall of your aorta begins to bulge (left). This can occur anywhere in your aorta. Having an aneurysm increases the risk of rupture ",,"If you have signs or symptoms such as severe chest pain, fainting, sudden onset of shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or emergency medical assistance. These signs and symptoms don't always indicate a serious problem, but it's best to ge","An aortic dissection occurs in a weakened area of the aortic wall. Chronic high blood pressure may stress the aortic tissue, making it more susceptible to tearing. You can also be born with a condition associated with a weakened and enlarged aorta, such a","Risk factors for aortic dissection include: Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension) Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) Weakened and bulging artery (pre-existing aortic aneurysm) An aortic valve defect (bicuspid aortic valve) A narrowing o","An aortic dissection can lead to: Death due to severe internal bleeding Organ damage, such as kidney failure or life-threatening intestinal damage Stroke Aortic valve damage (aortic regurgitation) or rupture into the lining around the heart (cardiac tampo",117,"2018-02-01 20:33:59","Aortic dissection","Detecting an aortic dissection can be tricky because the symptoms are similar to those of a variety of health problems. Doctors often suspect an aortic dissection if the following signs and symptoms are present: Sudden tearing or ripping chest pain Wideni","An aortic dissection is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. Therapy may include surgery or medications, depending on the area of the aorta involved. Type A aortic dissectionTreatment for type A aortic dissection may include: Surgery. Surgeo","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,
118,151,"2018-02-01 05:00:16","Aortic valve disease","Aortic valve disease is a condition in which the valve between the main pumping chamber of your heart (left ventricle) and the main artery to your body (aorta) doesn't work properly. Aortic valve disease may be a condition present at birth (congenital hea",,,"Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pum","Risk factors of aortic valve disease include: Older age Certain heart conditions present at birth (congenital heart disease) History of infections that can affect the heart Chronic kidney disease History of radiation therapy to the chest","Aortic valve disease can cause complications, including: Heart failure Stroke Blood clots Heart rhythm abnormalities Death",118,"2018-02-01 20:34:01","Aortic valve disease","To diagnose aortic valve disease, your doctor may review your signs and symptoms, discuss your medical history, and conduct a physical examination. Your doctor may listen to your heart with a stethoscope to determine if you have a heart murmur that may in","Treatment for aortic valve disease depends on the severity of your condition, whether or not you're experiencing signs and symptoms, and if your condition is getting worse. If your symptoms are mild or you aren't experiencing symptoms, your doctor may mon","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","You'll have regular follow-up appointments with your doctor to monitor your condition. Your doctor may suggest you incorporate several heart-healthy lifestyle changes into your life, including: Eating a heart-healthy diet. Eat a variety of fruits and vege","If you think you have aortic valve disease, make an appointment to see your doctor. Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. What you can do Be aware of pre-appointment restrictions. When you make the appointment, ask if there's a"
119,152,"2018-02-01 05:00:19","Aortic valve regurgitation","Aortic valve regurgitationAortic valve regurgitationIn aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn't close properly, causing blood to leak backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. Aortic valve regurgitation — or aortic regurgitation — is a ",,"Contact your doctor right away if signs and symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation develop. Sometimes the first indications of aortic valve regurgitation are those of its major complication, heart failure. See your doctor if you have fatigue, shortness of","Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pum","Risk factors of aortic valve regurgitation include: Older age Certain heart conditions present at birth (congenital heart disease) History of infections that can affect the heart Certain conditions that can affect the heart, such as Marfan syndrome Other ","Aortic valve regurgitation can cause complications, including: Heart failure Infections that affect the heart, such as endocarditis Heart rhythm abnormalities Death PreventionFor any heart condition, see your doctor regularly so he or she can monitor you ",119,"2018-02-01 20:34:04","Aortic valve regurgitation","To diagnose aortic valve regurgitation, your doctor may review your signs and symptoms, discuss your and your family's medical history, and conduct a physical examination. Your doctor may listen to your heart with a stethoscope to determine if you have a ","Treatment of aortic valve regurgitation depends on the severity of your condition, whether you're experiencing signs and symptoms, and if your condition is getting worse. If your symptoms are mild or you aren't experiencing symptoms, your doctor may monit","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","You'll have regular follow-up appointments with your doctor to monitor your condition. While lifestyle changes can't prevent or treat your condition, your doctor might suggest that you incorporate several heart-healthy lifestyle changes into your life. Th","You're likely to start by seeing your family doctor. After your initial appointment, your doctor may refer you to a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions (cardiologist). Here's some information to help you prepare for y"
120,153,"2018-02-01 05:00:20","Aortic valve stenosis","Aortic valve stenosis — or aortic stenosis — occurs when the heart's aortic valve narrows. This narrowing prevents the valve from opening fully, which reduces or blocks blood flow from your heart into the main artery to your body (aorta) and onward to the","Aortic valve stenosis ranges from mild to severe. Aortic valve stenosis signs and symptoms generally develop when narrowing of the valve is severe. Some people with aortic valve stenosis may not experience symptoms for many years. Signs and symptoms of ao","If you have a heart murmur, your doctor may recommend that you visit a cardiologist. If you develop any symptoms that may suggest aortic valve stenosis, see your doctor.","Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pum","Risk factors of aortic valve stenosis include: Older age Certain heart conditions present at birth (congenital heart disease) such as a bicuspid aortic valve History of infections that can affect the heart Having cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabe","Aortic valve stenosis can cause complications, including: Heart failure Stroke Blood clots Bleeding Heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias) Infections that affect the heart, such as endocarditis Death PreventionSome possible ways to prevent aortic valve ",120,"2018-02-01 20:34:05","Aortic valve stenosis","To diagnose aortic valve stenosis, your doctor may review your signs and symptoms, discuss your medical history, and conduct a physical examination. Your doctor may listen to your heart with a stethoscope to determine if you have a heart murmur that may i","Treatment for aortic valve stenosis depends on the severity of your condition, whether you're experiencing signs and symptoms, and if your condition is getting worse. If your symptoms are mild or you aren't experiencing symptoms, your doctor may monitor y","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","You'll have regular follow-up appointments with your doctor to monitor your condition. You'll need to continue taking all your medications as prescribed. Your doctor may suggest you incorporate several heart-healthy lifestyle changes into your life, inclu","If you think you have aortic valve stenosis, make an appointment to see your doctor. Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. What you can do Be aware of pre-appointment restrictions. When you make the appointment, ask if there's "
121,154,"2018-02-01 05:00:21",Aphasia,"Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gra","Aphasia is a sign of some other condition, such as a stroke or a brain tumor. A person with aphasia may: Speak in short or incomplete sentences Speak in sentences that don't make sense Substitute one word for another or one sound for another Speak unrecog","Because aphasia is often a sign of a serious problem, such as a stroke, seek emergency medical care if you suddenly develop: Difficulty speaking Trouble understanding speech Difficulty with word recall Problems with reading or writing","The most common cause of aphasia is brain damage resulting from a stroke — the blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. Loss of blood to the brain leads to brain cell death or damage in areas that control language. Brain damage caused by a seve",,"Aphasia can create numerous quality-of-life problems because communication is so much a part of your life. Communication difficulty may affect your: Job Relationships Day-to-day function Language barriers may lead to embarrassment, depression and relation",121,"2018-02-01 20:34:06",Aphasia,"Your doctor will likely give you a physical and a neurological exam, test your strength, feeling and reflexes, and listen to your heart and the vessels in your neck. He or she will likely request an imaging test, usually an MRI, to quickly identify what's","If the brain damage is mild, a person may recover language skills without treatment. However, most people undergo speech and language therapy to rehabilitate their language skills and supplement their communication experiences. Researchers are currently i","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"If your aphasia is due to a stroke or head injury, you'll probably first see an emergency room physician. You'll then see a doctor who specializes in disorders of the nervous system (neurologist), and you may eventually be referred to a speech-language pa"
122,155,"2018-02-01 05:00:22","Primary progressive aphasia","Functions of the brainFunctions of the brainDifferent areas of the brain are responsible for different vital functions. Primary progressive aphasia (uh-FAY-zhuh) is a rare nervous system (neurological) syndrome that affects your ability to communicate. Pe","Primary progressive aphasia symptoms vary, depending on which portion of the brain's language area is involved. The condition has three types, which cause different symptoms.",,"Primary progressive aphasia is caused by a shrinking (atrophy) of the frontal, temporal or parietal lobes in the brain, primarily on the left side. The condition affects the language centers in your brain. Scar tissue and abnormal proteins also might be p","Risk factors for primary progressive aphasia include: Having learning disabilities. A learning disability might put you at somewhat higher risk of primary progressive aphasia. Having certain gene mutations. Rare gene mutations have been linked to the diso","People with primary progressive aphasia eventually lose the ability to speak and write, and to understand written and spoken language. As the disease progresses, other mental skills, such as memory, can become impaired. Some people develop other neurologi",122,"2018-02-01 20:34:07","Primary progressive aphasia","To diagnose primary progressive aphasia, your doctor will review your symptoms and order tests.Worsening communication difficulty without significant changes in thinking and behavior for a year or two is a hallmark of primary progressive aphasia. Neurolog","Primary progressive aphasia can't be cured, and there are no medications to treat it. However, some therapies might help improve or maintain your ability to communicate and manage your condition. Speech and language therapyWorking with a speech-language p",,,"You might start by seeing your primary care provider. He or she may refer you to a doctor trained in brain and nervous system conditions (neurologist) or a speech-language pathologist. What you can doWhen you make the appointment, ask if there's anything "
123,156,"2018-02-01 05:00:25","Canker sore","Canker soreCanker soreCanker sores occur singly or in clusters on the inside surfaces of your cheeks or lips, on or under your tongue, at the base of your gums, or on your soft palate. They usually have a white or yellow center and a red border and can be","Most canker sores are round or oval with a white or yellow center and a red border. They form inside your mouth — on or under your tongue, inside your cheeks or lips, at the base of your gums, or on your soft palate. You might notice a tingling or burning","Consult your doctor if you experience: Unusually large canker sores Recurring sores, with new ones developing before old ones heal, or frequent outbreaks Persistent sores, lasting two weeks or more Sores that extend into the lips themselves (vermilion bor","The precise cause of canker sores remains unclear, though researchers suspect that a combination of factors contributes to outbreaks, even in the same person. Possible triggers for canker sores include: A minor injury to your mouth from dental work, overz","Anyone can develop canker sores. But they occur more often in teens and young adults, and they're more common in females. Often people with recurrent canker sores have a family history of the disorder. This may be due to heredity or to a shared factor in ",,123,"2018-02-01 20:34:09","Canker sore","Tests aren't needed to diagnose canker sores. Your doctor or dentist can identify them with a visual exam. In some cases, you may have tests to check for other health problems, especially if your canker sores are severe and ongoing.","Treatment usually isn't necessary for minor canker sores, which tend to clear on their own in a week or two. But large, persistent or unusually painful sores often need medical care. A number of treatment options exist. Mouth rinses If you have several ca",,"To help relieve pain and speed healing, consider these tips: Rinse your mouth. Use salt water or baking soda rinse (dissolve 1 teaspoon of baking soda in 1/2 cup warm water). Dab a small amount of milk of magnesia on your canker sore a few times a day. Av","Your doctor or dentist can diagnose a canker sore based on its appearance. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment. Information to gather Before your appointment make a list of: Your symptoms, including when they first started a"
124,157,"2018-02-01 05:00:26","Broken heart syndrome","Broken heart syndrome is a temporary heart condition that's often brought on by stressful situations, such as the death of a loved one. The condition can also be triggered by a serious physical illness or surgery. People with broken heart syndrome may hav","Broken heart syndrome symptoms can mimic a heart attack. Common symptoms include: Chest pain Shortness of breath Any long-lasting or persistent chest pain could be a sign of a heart attack, so it's important to take it seriously and call 911 if you experi","If you're having any chest pain, a very rapid or irregular heartbeat, or shortness of breath after a stressful event, call 911 or emergency medical assistance immediately.","The exact cause of broken heart syndrome is unclear. It's thought that a surge of stress hormones, such as adrenaline, might temporarily damage the hearts of some people. How these hormones might hurt the heart or whether something else is responsible isn","There are a number of known risk factors for broken heart syndrome, including: Sex. The condition affects women far more often than men. Age. It appears that most people who have broken heart syndrome are older than 50. A history of a neurological conditi","In rare cases, broken heart syndrome is fatal. However, most who experience broken heart syndrome quickly recover and don't have long-lasting effects. Other complications of broken heart syndrome include: Backup of fluid into your lungs (pulmonary edema) ",124,"2018-02-01 20:34:12","Broken heart syndrome","If your doctor suspects you have broken heart syndrome, he or she will use these exams and tests to make a diagnosis: Personal history and physical exam. In addition to a standard physical exam, your doctor will want to know about your medical history, es","There's no standard treatment for broken heart syndrome. Treatment is similar to treatment for a heart attack until the diagnosis is clear. Most people stay in the hospital while they recover. Once it's clear that broken heart syndrome is the cause of you","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"Broken heart syndrome is usually diagnosed in an emergency or hospital setting, since most people with the condition have symptoms identical to a heart attack. Call 911 or emergency medical help or have someone drive you to an emergency room if you experi"
125,159,"2018-02-01 05:00:29","Sleep apnea","Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. You may have sleep apnea if you snore loudly, and you feel tired even after a full night's sleep. The main types of sleep apnea are: Obstructive sleep apne","The signs and symptoms of obstructive and central sleep apneas overlap, sometimes making the type of sleep apnea more difficult to determine. The most common signs and symptoms of obstructive and central sleep apneas include: Loud snoring, which is usuall","Consult a medical professional if you experience, or if your partner notices, the following: Snoring loud enough to disturb the sleep of others or yourself Shortness of breath, gasping for air or choking that awakens you from sleep Intermittent pauses in ","Obstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles that support the soft tissues in your throat, such as your tongue and soft palate, temporarily relax. When these muscles relax, your airway is narrowed or closed","Sleep apnea can affect anyone, even children. But certain factors increase your risk of sleep apnea: Obstructive sleep apnea Excess weight. People who are obese have four times the risk of sleep apnea that people who are a normal weight people do. Fat dep","Sleep apnea is considered a serious medical condition. Complications may include: Daytime fatigue. The repeated awakenings associated with sleep apnea make normal, restorative sleep impossible. People with sleep apnea often experience severe daytime drows",125,"2018-02-01 20:34:14","Sleep apnea","Your doctor may make an evaluation based on your signs and symptoms or may refer you to a sleep disorder center. There, a sleep specialist can help you decide on your need for further evaluation. Such an evaluation often involves overnight monitoring of y","Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)To eliminate snoring and prevent sleep apnea, your doctor may recommend a device called a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine. A CPAP machine delivers just ","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","In many cases, self-care may be the most appropriate way for you to deal with obstructive sleep apnea and possibly central sleep apnea. Try these tips: Lose excess weight. Even a slight loss in excess weight may help relieve constriction of your throat. S","If you or your partner suspects that you have sleep apnea, you'll probably first see your primary care doctor. However, in some cases when you call to set up an appointment, you may be referred immediately to a sleep specialist. Because appointments can b"
126,160,"2018-02-01 05:00:30","Sleep apnea, central","Central sleep apnea is a disorder in which your breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. Central sleep apnea occurs because your brain doesn't send proper signals to the muscles that control your breathing. This condition is different from obst",,,"Central sleep apnea occurs when your brain fails to transmit signals to your breathing muscles. Central sleep apnea can be caused by a number of conditions that affect the ability of your brainstem — which links your brain to your spinal cord and controls","Certain factors put you at increased risk of central sleep apnea: Sex. Males are more likely to develop central sleep apnea than are females. Age. Central sleep apnea is more common among older adults, especially adults older than age 65, possibly because","Central sleep apnea is a serious medical condition. Some complications include: Fatigue. The repeated awakenings associated with sleep apnea make normal, restorative sleep impossible. People with central sleep apnea often experience severe fatigue, daytim",126,"2018-02-01 20:34:16","Sleep apnea, central","Your doctor may make an evaluation based on your signs and symptoms or may refer you to a sleep specialist in a sleep disorder center. A sleep specialist can help you decide on your need for further evaluation. Such an evaluation often involves overnight ","Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)To address central sleep apnea, your doctor may recommend a positive airway pressure machine. Positive airway pressure devices used for central sleep apnea include continu","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"You're likely to start by seeing your primary care doctor. However, you may then be referred to a sleep specialist. Because appointments can be brief and there's often a lot to talk about, it's a good idea to be well-prepared for your appointment. Here's "
127,161,"2018-02-01 05:00:33","Sleep apnea, obstructive","Obstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles that support the soft tissues in your throat, such as your tongue and soft palate, temporarily relax. When these muscles relax, your airway is narrowed or closed",,,"Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles in the back of your throat relax too much to allow normal breathing. These muscles support structures including the soft palate, the uvula — a triangular piece of tissue hanging from the soft palate, the ton","Anyone can develop obstructive sleep apnea. However, certain factors put you at increased risk, including: Excess weight. Around half the people with obstructive sleep apnea are overweight. Fat deposits around the upper airway may obstruct breathing. Howe","Obstructive sleep apnea is considered a serious medical condition. Complications may include: Daytime fatigue and sleepiness. The repeated awakenings associated with obstructive sleep apnea make normal, restorative sleep impossible. People with obstructiv",127,"2018-02-01 20:34:19","Sleep apnea, obstructive","To diagnose your condition, your doctor may make an evaluation based on your signs and symptoms, an examination, and tests. Your doctor may refer you to a sleep specialist in a sleep center for further evaluation. You'll have a physical examination, and y","Lifestyle changes For milder cases of obstructive sleep apnea, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes: Lose weight if you're overweight. Exercise regularly. Drink alcohol moderately, if at all, and don't drink several hours before bedtime. Quit smoki","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","In many cases, self-care may be the most appropriate way for you to deal with obstructive sleep apnea. Try these tips: Lose weight. If you're overweight or obese, even a slight loss of excess weight may help relieve constriction of your airway. Losing wei","If you suspect that you have obstructive sleep apnea, you'll likely first see your primary care doctor. However, your doctor may refer you to a sleep specialist. It's a good idea to be well-prepared for your appointment. Here's some information to help yo"
128,162,"2018-02-01 05:00:34",Appendicitis,"AppendicitisAppendicitisThe appendix is a narrow, finger-shaped pouch that projects out from the colon. Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed and filled with pus. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that","Signs and symptoms of appendicitis may include: Sudden pain that begins on the right side of the lower abdomen Sudden pain that begins around your navel and often shifts to your lower right abdomen Pain that worsens if you cough, walk or make other jarrin","Make an appointment with a doctor if you or your child has worrisome signs or symptoms. Severe abdominal pain requires immediate medical attention.","A blockage in the lining of the appendix that results in infection is the likely cause of appendicitis. The bacteria multiply rapidly, causing the appendix to become inflamed, swollen and filled with pus. If not treated promptly, the appendix can rupture.",,"Appendicitis can cause serious complications, such as: A ruptured appendix. A rupture spreads infection throughout your abdomen (peritonitis). Possibly life-threatening, this condition requires immediate surgery to remove the appendix and clean your abdom",128,"2018-02-01 20:34:22",Appendicitis,"To help diagnose appendicitis, your doctor will likely take a history of your signs and symptoms and examine your abdomen. Tests and procedures used to diagnose appendicitis include: Physical exam to assess your pain. Your doctor may apply gentle pressure","Appendicitis treatment usually involves surgery to remove the inflamed appendix. Before surgery you may be given a dose of antibiotics to prevent infection. Surgery to remove the appendix (appendectomy) Appendectomy can be performed as open surgery using ",,"Expect a few weeks of recovery from an appendectomy, or longer if your appendix burst. To help your body heal: Avoid strenuous activity at first. If your appendectomy was done laparoscopically, limit your activity for three to five days. If you had an ope","Make an appointment with your family doctor or a general practitioner if you have abdominal pain. If you have appendicitis, you'll likely be hospitalized and referred to a surgeon to remove your appendix. Questions your doctor may ask you To help in diagn"
129,164,"2018-02-01 05:00:35","Viral hemorrhagic fevers","Viral hemorrhagic (hem-uh-RAJ-ik) fevers are infectious diseases that interfere with the blood's ability to clot. These diseases can also damage the walls of tiny blood vessels, making them leaky. The internal bleeding that results can range from relative","Signs and symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fevers vary by disease. In general, initial symptoms may include: High fever Fatigue Dizziness Muscle, bone or joint aches Weakness Symptoms can become life-threateningSevere cases of some types of viral hemorrhagic","The best time to see a doctor is before you travel to a developing country to ensure you've received any available vaccinations and pre-travel advice for staying healthy. If you develop signs and symptoms once you return home, consult a doctor, preferably","The viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers live naturally in a variety of animal and insect hosts — most commonly mosquitoes, ticks, rodents or bats. Each of these hosts typically lives in a specific geographic area, so each particular disease usuall","Simply living in or traveling to an area where a particular viral hemorrhagic fever is common will increase your risk of becoming infected with that particular virus. Several other factors can increase your risk even more, including: Working with the sick","Viral hemorrhagic fevers can damage your: Brain Eyes Heart Kidneys Liver Lungs Spleen In some cases, the damage is severe enough to cause death. PreventionPreventing viral hemorrhagic fevers, especially in developing nations, presents enormous challenges.",129,"2018-02-01 20:34:24","Viral hemorrhagic fevers","Diagnosing specific viral hemorrhagic fevers in the first few days of illness can be difficult because the initial signs and symptoms — high fever, muscle aches, headaches and extreme fatigue — are common to many other diseases. To help with diagnosis, yo",,,,
130,166,"2018-02-01 05:00:39","Broken arm","Arm bonesArm bonesYour arm is made up of three bones: the upper arm bone (humerus) and two forearm bones (the ulna and the radius). The term ""broken arm"" may refer to a fracture in any of these bones. A broken arm involves one or more of the three bones i",,,"Common causes for a broken arm include: Falls. Falling onto an outstretched hand or elbow is the most common cause of a broken arm. Sports injuries. Direct blows and injuries on the field or court cause all types of arm fractures. Significant trauma. Any ","Certain medical conditions or physical activities can increase the risk of a broken arm. Certain sports Any sport that involves physical contact or increases your risk of falling — including football, soccer, gymnastics, skiing and skateboarding — also in","The prognosis for most arm fractures is very good if treated early. But complications can include: Uneven growth. Because a child's arm bones are still growing, a fracture in the area where growth occurs near each end of a long bone (growth plate) can int",130,"2018-02-01 20:34:25","Broken arm","Your doctor will examine your arm for tenderness, swelling, deformity or an open wound. After discussing your symptoms and how you injured yourself, your doctor likely will order X-rays to determine the location and extent of the break. Occasionally, anot","Treatment of a broken arm depends on the type of break. The time needed for healing depends on a variety of factors, including severity of the injury; other conditions, such as diabetes; your age; nutrition; and tobacco and alcohol use. Fractures are clas","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"Depending on the severity of the break, your family doctor or the emergency room physician might refer you or your child to a doctor who specializes in injuries of the body's musculoskeletal system (orthopedic surgeon). What you can doMake a list that inc"
131,167,"2018-02-01 05:00:41","Heart arrhythmias","Heart rhythm problems (heart arrhythmias) occur when the electrical impulses that coordinate your heartbeats don't work properly, causing your heart to beat too fast, too slow or irregularly. Heart arrhythmias (uh-RITH-me-uhs) may feel like a fluttering o","Arrhythmias may not cause any signs or symptoms. In fact, your doctor might find you have an arrhythmia before you do, during a routine examination. Noticeable signs and symptoms don't necessarily mean you have a serious problem, however. Noticeable arrhy","Arrhythmias may cause you to feel premature or extra heartbeats, or you may feel that your heart is racing or beating too slowly. Other signs and symptoms may be related to your heart not pumping effectively due to the fast or slow heartbeat. These includ","Normal heartbeatNormal heartbeatIn a normal heart rhythm, a tiny cluster of cells at the sinus node sends out an electrical signal. The signal then travels through the atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node and then passes into the ventricles, causing th","Certain factors may increase your risk of developing an arrhythmia. These include: Coronary artery disease, other heart problems and previous heart surgery. Narrowed heart arteries, a heart attack, abnormal heart valves, prior heart surgery, heart failure","Certain arrhythmias may increase your risk of developing conditions such as: Stroke. When your heart quivers, it's unable to pump blood effectively, which can cause blood to pool. This can cause blood clots to form. If a clot breaks loose, it can travel f",131,"2018-02-01 20:34:28","Heart arrhythmias","To diagnose a heart arrhythmia, your doctor will review your symptoms and your medical history and conduct a physical examination. Your doctor may ask about — or test for — conditions that may trigger your arrhythmia, such as heart disease or a problem wi","If you have an arrhythmia, treatment may or may not be necessary. Usually, it's required only if the arrhythmia is causing significant symptoms or if it's putting you at risk of a more serious arrhythmia or arrhythmia complication. Treating slow heartbeat","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Your doctor may suggest that, in addition to other treatments, you make lifestyle changes that will keep your heart as healthy as possible. These lifestyle changes may include: Eat heart-healthy foods. Eat a healthy diet that's low in salt and solid fats ","If you think you may have a heart arrhythmia, make an appointment with your family doctor. If a heart arrhythmia is found early, your treatment may be easier and more effective. Eventually, however, you may be referred to a doctor trained in heart conditi"
132,168,"2018-02-01 05:00:45","Arteriosclerosis / atherosclerosis","Arteriosclerosis occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and stiff — sometimes restricting blood flow to your organs and tissues. Healthy arteries are flexible and elas",,"If you think you have atherosclerosis, talk to your doctor. Also pay attention to early symptoms of inadequate blood flow, such as chest pain (angina), leg pain or numbness. Early diagnosis and treatment can stop atherosclerosis from worsening and prevent","Development of atherosclerosisDevelopment of atherosclerosisAtherosclerosis is a process in which blood, fats such as cholesterol and other substances build up on your artery walls. Eventually, deposits called plaques may form. The deposits may narrow — o","Hardening of the arteries occurs over time. Besides aging, factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include: High blood pressure High cholesterol Diabetes Obesity Smoking and other tobacco use A family history of early heart disease Lack of exerc","The complications of atherosclerosis depend on which arteries are blocked. For example: Coronary artery disease. When atherosclerosis narrows the arteries close to your heart, you may develop coronary artery disease, which can cause chest pain (angina), a",132,"2018-02-01 20:34:30","Arteriosclerosis / atherosclerosis","During a physical exam, your doctor may find signs of narrowed, enlarged or hardened arteries, including: A weak or absent pulse below the narrowed area of your artery Decreased blood pressure in an affected limb Whooshing sounds (bruits) over your arteri","Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising, are often the most appropriate treatment for atherosclerosis. Sometimes, medication or surgical procedures may be recommended as well. MedicationsVarious drugs can slow — or even reverse — t","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Lifestyle changes can help you prevent or slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Stop smoking. Smoking damages your arteries. If you smoke or use tobacco in any form, quitting is the best way to halt the progression of atherosclerosis and reduce your ri","If you think you may have atherosclerosis or are worried about having atherosclerosis because of a strong family history of heart disease, make an appointment with your doctor to have your cholesterol level checked. Here's some information to help you get"
133,169,"2018-02-01 05:00:48","Arteriovenous fistula","Arteriovenous fistulaArteriovenous fistulaArteriovenous fistulaAn arteriovenous (AV) fistula is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein in which blood flows directly from an artery into a vein, bypassing some capillaries. An arteriovenous (AV)","Small arteriovenous fistulas in your legs, arms, lungs, kidneys or brain often won't have any signs or symptoms and usually don't need treatment other than monitoring by your doctor. Larger arteriovenous fistulas may cause signs and symptoms. Arteriovenou","If you have any of these signs and symptoms, and think you might have an arteriovenous fistula, make an appointment to see your doctor. Early detection of an arteriovenous fistula may make your condition easier to treat and may reduce your risk of develop","Causes of arteriovenous fistulas include: Cardiac catheterization. An arteriovenous fistula may develop as a complication of a procedure called cardiac catheterization. During cardiac catheterization, a long, thin tube called a catheter is inserted in an ",,"Left untreated, an arteriovenous fistula can cause complications, some of which can be serious. These include: Heart failure. This is the most serious complication of large arteriovenous fistulas. Since your blood flows more quickly through an arterioveno",133,"2018-02-01 20:34:33","Arteriovenous fistula","To diagnose an arteriovenous fistula, your doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to the blood flow through the area where he or she thinks you may have a fistula. The blood flow through an arteriovenous fistula makes a sound similar to clicking or hummi","It's possible your doctor may suggest only monitoring your arteriovenous fistula, especially if it's small and doesn't cause any other health problems. Some small arteriovenous fistulas close by themselves without treatment. If your arteriovenous fistula ","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"If you think you may have an arteriovenous fistula, make an appointment with your primary care doctor. At some point, however, you may be referred to a blood vessel (vascular) or heart specialist (cardiologist). Because appointments can be brief, and beca"
134,171,"2018-02-01 05:00:55","Giant cell arteritis","Giant cell arteritis is an inflammation of the lining of your arteries. Most often, it affects the arteries in your head, especially those in your temples. For this reason, giant cell arteritis is sometimes called temporal arteritis. Giant cell arteritis ","Giant cell arteritisGiant cell arteritisGiant cell arteritis causes inflammation of certain arteries, especially those near the temples. The most common symptoms of giant cell arteritis are head pain and tenderness — often severe — that usually affects bo","If you develop a new, persistent headache or any of the problems listed above, see your doctor without delay. If you're diagnosed with giant cell arteritis, starting treatment as soon as possible can usually help prevent vision loss.","With giant cell arteritis, the lining of arteries becomes inflamed. This causes them to swell. This swelling narrows your blood vessels, reducing the amount of blood — and, therefore, oxygen and vital nutrients — that reaches your body's tissues. Almost a","Several factors can increase your risk of developing giant cell arteritis, including: Age. Giant cell arteritis affects adults only, and rarely those under 50. Most people with this condition first experience warning signs between the ages of 70 and 80. S","Giant cell arteritis can cause the following complications: Blindness. Diminished blood flow to your eyes can cause sudden, painless vision loss in one or, rarely, both eyes. Loss of vision is usually permanent. Aortic aneurysm. An aneurysm is a bulge tha",134,"2018-02-01 20:34:34","Giant cell arteritis","Giant cell arteritis can be difficult to diagnose because its early symptoms resemble those of many common conditions. For this reason, your doctor will try to rule out other possible causes of your problem. To help diagnose giant cell arteritis, you may ","Treatment for giant cell arteritis consists of high doses of a corticosteroid drug such as prednisone. Because immediate treatment is necessary to prevent vision loss, your doctor is likely to start medication even before confirming the diagnosis with a b",,"When giant cell arteritis is diagnosed and treated early, the prognosis is usually excellent. Your symptoms will likely improve quickly after beginning corticosteroid treatment, and your vision isn't likely to be affected. Your greatest challenge in this ","You may start by seeing your primary care doctor. He or she may refer you to an eye specialist (ophthalmologist) if you're having visual symptoms, a brain and nervous system specialist (neurologist) if you're having headaches, or a specialist in diseases "
135,172,"2018-02-01 05:00:57","Takayasu's arteritis","Large arteriesLarge arteriesTakayasu's arteritis is a form of vasculitis — inflammation of the blood vessels — that damages the large arteries, especially the aorta. Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two up",,,"With Takayasu's arteritis, the aorta and other major arteries, including those leading to your head and kidneys, become inflamed. Over time the inflammation causes changes in these arteries, including thickening, narrowing and scarring. No one knows exact","Takayasu's arteritis primarily affects girls and women between the ages of 10 and 40. The disorder occurs worldwide, but it's most common in Asia. Sometimes the condition runs in families. Complications Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissectionAortic aneurysm","Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissectionAortic aneurysm and aortic dissectionAn aortic aneurysm occurs when a weak spot in the wall of your aorta begins to bulge (left). This can occur anywhere in your aorta. Having an aneurysm increases the risk of an aorti",135,"2018-02-01 20:34:36","Takayasu's arteritis","Your doctor will ask you about your signs and symptoms, conduct a physical exam, and take your medical history. He or she may also have you undergo some of the following tests and procedures to help rule out other conditions that resemble Takayasu's arter","Treatment of Takayasu's arteritis focuses on controlling the inflammation with medications and preventing further damage to your blood vessels. The disease can sometimes be difficult to treat because even if you appear to be in remission the disease might","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"If your primary care doctor suspects you have Takayasu's arteritis, he or she may refer you to one or more specialists with experience in helping people with this condition. Takayasu's arteritis is a rare disorder that can be difficult to diagnose and tre"
136,173,"2018-02-01 05:00:59",Arthritis,"Rheumatoid arthritis vs. osteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritis vs. osteoarthritisOsteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, involves the wearing away of the cartilage that caps the bones in your joints. With rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial membran","The most common signs and symptoms of arthritis involve the joints. Depending on the type of arthritis you have, your signs and symptoms may include: Pain Stiffness Swelling Redness Decreased range of motion Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic CausesThe",,"The two main types of arthritis — osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis — damage joints in different ways. OsteoarthritisThe most common type of arthritis, osteoarthritis involves wear-and-tear damage to your joint's cartilage — the hard, slick coating ","Risk factors for arthritis include: Family history. Some types of arthritis run in families, so you may be more likely to develop arthritis if your parents or siblings have the disorder. Your genes can make you more susceptible to environmental factors th","Severe arthritis, particularly if it affects your hands or arms, can make it difficult for you to do daily tasks. Arthritis of weight-bearing joints can keep you from walking comfortably or sitting up straight. In some cases, joints may become twisted and",136,"2018-02-01 20:34:37",Arthritis,"During the physical exam, your doctor will check your joints for swelling, redness and warmth. He or she will also want to see how well you can move your joints. Depending on the type of arthritis suspected, your doctor may suggest some of the following t","Arthritis treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and improving joint function. You may need to try several different treatments, or combinations of treatments, before you determine what works best for you. MedicationsThe medications used to treat arthrit","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","In many cases, arthritis symptoms can be reduced with the following measures: Weight loss. If you're obese, losing weight will reduce the stress on your weight-bearing joints. This may increase your mobility and limit future joint injury. Exercise. Regula","While you might first discuss your symptoms with your family doctor, he or she may refer you to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of joint problems (rheumatologist) for further evaluation. What you can doBefore your appointment, make a list that i"
137,174,"2018-02-01 05:01:00","Thumb arthritis","Thumb arthritisThumb arthritisThumb arthritis occurs when the cartilage in the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint wears away. Thumb arthritis is common with aging, and occurs when cartilage wears away from the ends of the bones that form your thumb joint — also ",,"See your doctor if you have persistent swelling, stiffness or pain at the base of your thumb.","Thumb arthritis commonly occurs with aging. Previous trauma or injury to the thumb joint also can cause thumb arthritis. In a normal thumb joint, cartilage covers the ends of the bones — acting as a cushion and allowing the bones to glide smoothly against","Factors that can increase your risk of thumb arthritis include: Female sex. Age above 40 years. Obesity. Certain hereditary conditions, such as joint ligament laxity and malformed joints. Injuries to your thumb joint, such as fractures and sprains. Diseas",,137,"2018-02-01 20:34:39","Thumb arthritis","During a physical exam, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and look for noticeable swelling or lumps on your joints. Your doctor might hold your joint while moving your thumb, with pressure, against your wrist bone. If this movement produces a grind","In the early stages of thumb arthritis, treatment usually involves a combination of non-surgical therapies. If your thumb arthritis is severe, surgery might be necessary. Splint A splint can support your joint and limit the movement of your thumb and wris","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","To ease pain and improve joint mobility, try to: Modify hand tools. Consider purchasing adaptive equipment — such as jar openers, key turners and large zipper pulls — designed for people with limited hand strength. Replace traditional door handles, which ","You might be referred to a doctor who specializes in disorders of the joints (rheumatologist). What you can do Write down your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason why you scheduled the appointment. Write down your key medical inf"
138,175,"2018-02-01 05:01:03",Gout,"Gout is a common and complex form of arthritis that can affect anyone. It's characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in the joints, often the joint at the base of the big toe. An attack of gout can occur suddenly, ",,"If you experience sudden, intense pain in a joint, call your doctor. Gout that goes untreated can lead to worsening pain and joint damage. Seek medical care immediately if you have a fever and a joint is hot and inflamed, which can be a sign of infection.","Gout occurs when urate crystals accumulate in your joint, causing the inflammation and intense pain of a gout attack. Urate crystals can form when you have high levels of uric acid in your blood. Your body produces uric acid when it breaks down purines — ","You're more likely to develop gout if you have high levels of uric acid in your body. Factors that increase the uric acid level in your body include: Diet. Eating a diet rich in meat and seafood and drinking beverages sweetened with fruit sugar (fructose)","People with gout can develop more-severe conditions, such as: Recurrent gout. Some people may never experience gout signs and symptoms again. Others may experience gout several times each year. Medications may help prevent gout attacks in people with recu",138,"2018-02-01 20:34:41",Gout,"Tests to help diagnose gout may include: Joint fluid test. Your doctor may use a needle to draw fluid from your affected joint. Urate crystals may be visible when the fluid is examined under a microscope. Blood test. Your doctor may recommend a blood test","Treatment for gout usually involves medications. What medications you and your doctor choose will be based on your current health and your own preferences. Gout medications can be used to treat acute attacks and prevent future attacks. Medications can als","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Medications are often the most effective way to treat acute gout and can prevent recurrent attacks of gout. However, making certain lifestyle changes also are important, such as: Limiting alcoholic beverages and drinks sweetened with fruit sugar (fructose","Make an appointment with your doctor if you have symptoms that are common to gout. After an initial examination, your doctor may refer you to a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory joint conditions (rheumatologist)"
139,176,"2018-02-01 05:01:05","Septic arthritis","Septic arthritis is a painful infection in a joint. The infection can come from germs that travel through your bloodstream from another part of your body. Septic arthritis can also occur when a penetrating injury delivers germs directly into the joint. In","Septic arthritis typically causes extreme discomfort and difficulty using the affected joint. The joint could be swollen, red and warm, and you might have a fever.","See your doctor if you have sudden onset of severe pain in a joint. Prompt treatment can help minimize joint damage.","Septic arthritis can be caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus (staph) is the most common cause. Staph commonly lives on even healthy skin. Septic arthritis can develop when an infection, such as a ","Risk factors for septic arthritis include: Existing joint problems. Chronic diseases and conditions that affect your joints — such as osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis or lupus — can increase your risk of septic arthritis, as can an artificial jo","If treatment is delayed, septic arthritis can lead to joint degeneration and permanent damage.",139,"2018-02-01 20:34:42","Septic arthritis","The following tests typically help diagnose septic arthritis: Joint fluid analysis. Infections can alter the color, consistency, volume and makeup of the fluid within your joints. A sample of this fluid can be withdrawn from your affected joint with a nee","Doctors rely on joint drainage and antibiotic drugs to treat septic arthritis. Joint drainageRemoving the infected joint fluid is crucial. Drainage methods include: Needle. In some cases, your doctor can withdraw the infected fluid with a needle inserted ",,,"If you have painful and inflamed joints, you're likely to start by seeing your family doctor. He or she may refer you to an orthopedic surgeon, infectious disease specialist or joint specialist (rheumatologist). Here's some information to help you get rea"
140,177,"2018-02-01 05:01:08","Juvenile idiopathic arthritis","Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis in children under the age of 16. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can cause persistent joint pain, swelling and stiffness. Some children may ","The most common signs and symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis are: Pain. While your child might not complain of joint pain, you may notice that he or she limps — especially first thing in the morning or after a nap. Swelling. Joint swelling is commo","Take your child to the doctor if he or she has joint pain, swelling or stiffness for more than a week — especially if he or she also has a fever.","Juvenile idiopathic arthritis occurs when the body's immune system attacks its own cells and tissues. It's not known why this happens, but both heredity and environment seem to play a role. Certain gene mutations may make a person more susceptible to envi","Some forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis are more common in girls. ComplicationsSeveral serious complications can result from juvenile idiopathic arthritis. But keeping a careful watch on your child's condition and seeking appropriate medical attention","Several serious complications can result from juvenile idiopathic arthritis. But keeping a careful watch on your child's condition and seeking appropriate medical attention can greatly reduce the risk of these complications: Eye problems. Some forms can c",140,"2018-02-01 20:34:46","Juvenile idiopathic arthritis","Diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis can be difficult because joint pain can be caused by many different types of problems. No single test can confirm a diagnosis, but tests can help rule out some other conditions that produce similar signs and symp","Treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis focuses on helping your child maintain a normal level of physical and social activity. To accomplish this, doctors may use a combination of strategies to relieve pain and swelling, maintain full movement and str","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Caregivers can help children learn self-care techniques that help limit the effects of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Techniques include: Getting regular exercise. Exercise is important because it promotes both muscle strength and joint flexibility. Swimm","If your pediatrician or family doctor suspects that your child has juvenile idiopathic arthritis, he or she may refer you to a doctor who specializes in arthritis (rheumatologist) to confirm the diagnosis and explore treatment. What you can doBefore the a"
141,178,"2018-02-01 05:01:10",Osteoarthritis,"Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage on the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint in your body, the disorder mo",,,"Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates. Cartilage is a firm, slippery tissue that permits nearly frictionless joint motion. In osteoarthritis, the slick surface of the cartilage becom","Factors that may increase your risk of osteoarthritis include: Older age. The risk of osteoarthritis increases with age. Sex. Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis, though it isn't clear why. Obesity. Carrying extra body weight contributes to os","Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that worsens over time. Joint pain and stiffness may become severe enough to make daily tasks difficult. Some people are no longer able to work. When joint pain is this severe, doctors may suggest joint replacement",141,"2018-02-01 20:34:47",Osteoarthritis,"During the physical exam, your doctor will closely examine your affected joint, checking for tenderness, swelling or redness, and for range of motion in the joint. Your doctor may also recommend imaging and lab tests. Imaging testsPictures of the affected","Currently, the process underlying osteoarthritis cannot be reversed, but symptoms can usually be effectively managed with lifestyle changes, physical and other therapies, medications, and surgery. Exercising and achieving a healthy weight are generally th","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Lifestyle changes can make a significant difference in osteoarthritis symptoms. Other home treatments also might help. Some things to try include: Exercise. Exercise can increase your endurance and strengthen the muscles around your joint, making your joi","Although you may initially bring your concerns to your primary care doctor, he or she may refer you to a doctor who specializes in joint disorders (rheumatologist) or orthopedic surgery. What you can doYou may want to write a list that includes: Detailed "
142,179,"2018-02-01 05:01:13","Psoriatic arthritis","PsoriasisPsoriasisPsoriasis causes cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin, forming thick silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches that are sometimes painful. Psoriatic arthritis is a form of arthritis that affects some people who have psor",,,"Psoriatic arthritis occurs when your body's immune system begins to attack healthy cells and tissue. The abnormal immune response causes inflammation in your joints as well as overproduction of skin cells. It's not entirely clear why the immune system tur","Psoriasis on the nailsPsoriasis on the nailsIn some cases, psoriasis can cause pitted and deformed nails that are thickened and discolored. Nails may also separate from the nail bed.","A small percentage of people with psoriatic arthritis develop arthritis mutilans — a severe, painful and disabling form of the disease. Over time, arthritis mutilans destroys the small bones in your hands, especially the fingers, leading to permanent defo",142,"2018-02-01 20:34:49","Psoriatic arthritis","During the exam, your doctor may: Closely examine your joints for signs of swelling or tenderness Check your fingernails for pitting, flaking and other abnormalities Press on the soles of your feet and around your heels to find tender areas No single test","No cure exists for psoriatic arthritis, so treatment focuses on controlling inflammation in your affected joints to prevent joint pain and disability. MedicationsDrugs used to treat psoriatic arthritis include: NSAIDs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Protect your joints. Changing the way you carry out everyday tasks can make a tremendous difference in how you feel. For example, you can avoid straining your finger joints by using gadgets such as jar openers to twist the lids from jars, by lifting heavy","You're likely to first discuss your signs and symptoms with your family doctor. He or she may refer you to a doctor specializing in the treatment of arthritis and related disorders (rheumatologist). What you can doBefore your appointment, you may want to "
143,180,"2018-02-01 05:01:16","Reactive arthritis","Reactive arthritis is joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection in another part of your body — most often your intestines, genitals or urinary tract. Reactive arthritis usually targets your knees and the joints of your ankles and feet. Inflammatio",,"If you develop joint pain within a month of having diarrhea or a genital infection, contact your doctor.","Reactive arthritis develops in reaction to an infection in your body, often in your intestines, genitals or urinary tract. You might not be aware of the triggering infection if it causes mild symptoms or none at all. Numerous bacteria can cause reactive a","Certain factors increase your risk of reactive arthritis: Age. Reactive arthritis occurs most frequently in adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Sex. Women and men are equally likely to develop reactive arthritis in response to foodborne infections. Howe",,143,"2018-02-01 20:34:51","Reactive arthritis","During the physical exam, your doctor is likely to check your joints for signs and symptoms of inflammation, such as swelling, warmth and tenderness, and test range of motion in your spine and affected joints. Your doctor might also check your eyes for in","The goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms and treat an infection that could still be present. MedicationsIf your reactive arthritis was triggered by a bacterial infection, your doctor might prescribe an antibiotic if there is evidence of persistent",,,"You'll likely start by seeing your primary care provider, who might refer you to a doctor who specializes in arthritis (rheumatologist) for further evaluation. What you can doWhen you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance"
144,181,"2018-02-01 05:01:17","Rheumatoid arthritis","Rheumatoid arthritisRheumatoid arthritisRheumatoid arthritis can cause pain, swelling and deformity. As the tissue that lines your joints (synovial membrane) becomes inflamed and thickened, fluid builds up and joints erode and degrade. Rheumatoid arthriti",,,"Rheumatoid arthritis vs. osteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritis vs. osteoarthritisOsteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, involves the wearing away of the cartilage that caps the bones in your joints. With rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial membran","Factors that may increase your risk of rheumatoid arthritis include: Your sex. Women are more likely than men to develop rheumatoid arthritis. Age. Rheumatoid arthritis can occur at any age, but it most commonly begins between the ages of 40 and 60. Famil","Rheumatoid arthritis increases your risk of developing: Osteoporosis. Rheumatoid arthritis itself, along with some medications used for treating rheumatoid arthritis, can increase your risk of osteoporosis — a condition that weakens your bones and makes t",144,"2018-02-01 20:34:54","Rheumatoid arthritis","Rheumatoid arthritis can be difficult to diagnose in its early stages because the early signs and symptoms mimic those of many other diseases. There is no one blood test or physical finding to confirm the diagnosis. During the physical exam, your doctor w","There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis. But recent discoveries indicate that remission of symptoms is more likely when treatment begins early with strong medications known as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). MedicationsThe types of medic","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","You can take steps to care for your body if you have rheumatoid arthritis. These self-care measures, when used along with your rheumatoid arthritis medications, can help you manage your signs and symptoms: Exercise regularly. Gentle exercise can help stre","While you might first discuss your symptoms with your family doctor, he or she may refer you to a rheumatologist — a doctor who specializes in the treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory conditions — for further evaluation. What you can doWrite a li"
145,184,"2018-02-01 05:01:18",Asbestosis,"Bronchioles and alveoli in the lungsBronchioles and alveoli in the lungsWithin your lungs, the main airways (bronchi) branch off into smaller and smaller passageways, the smallest of which are called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are tiny air",,"If you have a history of exposure to asbestos and you're experiencing increasing shortness of breath, talk to your doctor about the possibility of asbestosis.","If you are exposed to high levels of asbestos dust over a long period of time, some of the airborne fibers can become lodged within your alveoli — the tiny sacs inside your lungs where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in your blood. The asbestos fib","People who worked in mining, milling, manufacturing, installation or removal of asbestos products before the late 1970s are at risk of asbestosis. Examples include: Asbestos miners Aircraft and auto mechanics Boiler operators Building construction workers","If you have asbestosis, you're at increased risk of developing lung cancer — especially if you smoke or have a history of smoking. PreventionReducing exposure to asbestos is the best prevention against asbestosis. In the United States, federal law require",145,"2018-02-01 20:34:55",Asbestosis,"Asbestosis can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are similar to those of many other types of respiratory diseases. A variety of diagnostic tests might be needed to help pinpoint the diagnosis. Imaging tests Chest X-ray. Advanced asbe","There's no treatment to reverse the effects of asbestos on the alveoli. Treatment focuses on slowing the progression of the disease and relieving symptoms. You'll need routine follow-up care, such as chest X-rays and lung function tests, at regular interv",,"Stop smoking. Asbestosis increases the risk of lung cancer. Quitting smoking can reduce this risk. Try to avoid secondhand smoke. Smoking might also cause emphysema, which further reduces your lung reserves. Get vaccinated. Talk to your doctor about flu a","You're likely to start by seeing your family doctor for the disorder's most common symptom — shortness of breath. He or she might refer you to a doctor specializing in lung problems (pulmonologist). What you can doBefore your appointment, you might want t"
146,185,"2018-02-01 05:01:19",Ascariasis,"Ascariasis wormAscariasis wormAscariasis worms are typically pink or white with tapered ends. Female worms can be more than 15 inches (40 centimeters) long and a little less than a quarter inch (6 millimeters) in diameter. Male worms are generally smaller","Most people infected with ascariasis have no symptoms. Moderate to heavy infestations cause various symptoms, depending on which part of your body is affected.","Consult your doctor if you have persistent abdominal pain, diarrhea or nausea.","Ascariasis isn't spread directly from person to person. Instead, a person has to come into contact with soil mixed with human feces that contain ascariasis eggs or infected water. In many developing countries, human feces are used for fertilizer, or poor ","Risk factors for ascariasis include: Age. Most people who have ascariasis are 10 years old or younger. Children in this age group may be at higher risk because they're more likely to play in dirt. Warm climate. In the United States, ascariasis is more com","Mild cases of ascariasis usually don't cause complications. If you have a heavy infestation, potentially dangerous complications may include: Slowed growth. Loss of appetite and poor absorption of digested foods put children with ascariasis at risk of not",146,"2018-02-01 20:34:58",Ascariasis,"In heavy infestations, it's possible to find worms after you cough or vomit, and the worms can come out of other body openings, such as your mouth or nostrils. If this happens to you, take the worm to your doctor to identify it and prescribe the proper tr",,,,"Your family doctor might refer you to a doctor specializing in disorders of the digestive system (gastroenterologist). You may need to consult a surgeon if the worms have blocked your intestines. What you can do Before your appointment, you may want to wr"
147,186,"2018-02-01 05:01:23","Atrial septal defect","An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of your heart (atria). The condition is present at birth (congenital). Small defects may never cause a problem and may be found incidentally. It's also possible that small ","Many babies born with atrial septal defects don't have associated signs or symptoms. In adults, signs or symptoms may begin around age 30, but in some cases signs and symptoms may not occur until decades later. Atrial septal defect signs and symptoms may ","Contact your doctor if you or your child has any of these signs or symptoms: Shortness of breath Tiring easily, especially after activity Swelling of legs, feet or abdomen Heart palpitations or skipped beats These could be signs or symptoms of heart failu","How the heart normally works Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular r","It's not known why atrial septal defects occur, but congenital heart defects appear to run in families and sometimes occur with other genetic problems, such as Down syndrome. If you have a heart defect, or you have a child with a heart defect, a genetic c","A small atrial septal defect may never cause any problems. Small atrial septal defects often close during infancy. Larger defects can cause serious problems, including: Right-sided heart failure Heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias) Increased risk of a",147,"2018-02-01 20:35:00","Atrial septal defect","Your or your child's doctor may first suspect an atrial septal defect or other heart defect during a regular checkup if he or she hears a heart murmur while listening to the heart using a stethoscope. If your doctor suspects you or your child has a heart ","Many atrial septal defects close on their own during childhood. For those that don't close, some small atrial septal defects don't cause any problems and may not require any treatment. But many persistent atrial septal defects eventually require surgery t","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","If you find out you have a congenital heart defect, or you've had surgery to correct one, you may wonder about limitations on activities and other issues. Exercise. Having an atrial septal defect usually doesn't restrict you from activities or exercise. I","If your doctor suspects an atrial septal defect, you or your child will likely be referred to a doctor trained in heart disorders (cardiologist). Because appointments can be brief, and there's often a lot to discuss, it's a good idea to arrive well-prepar"
148,187,"2018-02-01 05:01:24",Aspergillosis,"Aspergillosis is an infection caused by a type of mold. The illnesses resulting from aspergillosis infection usually affect the respiratory system, but their signs and severity vary greatly. The mold that triggers the illnesses, aspergillus, is everywhere","The signs and symptoms of aspergillosis vary with the type of illness you develop:","If you have asthma or cystic fibrosis, see your doctor whenever you notice a change in your symptoms. Although aspergillosis may not be the cause, it's important to have problems evaluated. If you have a weakened immune system and develop an unexplained f","Aspergillus mold is unavoidable. Outdoors, it's found in decaying leaves and compost and on plants, trees and grain crops. Inside, the spores — the reproductive parts of mold — thrive in air conditioning and heating ducts, insulation, and some food and sp","Your risk of developing aspergillosis depends on your overall health and the extent of your exposure to mold. In general, these factors make you more vulnerable to infection: Weakened immune system. People taking immune-suppressing drugs after undergoing ","Depending on the type of infection, aspergillosis can cause a variety of serious complications: Bleeding. Both aspergillomas and invasive aspergillosis can cause severe, and sometimes fatal, bleeding in your lungs. Systemic infection. The most serious com",148,"2018-02-01 20:35:01",Aspergillosis,"Diagnosing an infection caused by aspergillus mold can be difficult and depends on the type of aspergillus infection. Aspergillus is common in the environment and is sometimes found in the saliva and sputum of healthy people. What's more, it's hard to dis","Aspergillosis treatments vary with the type of disease. Possible treatments include: Observation. Simple, single aspergillomas often don't need treatment, and medications aren't usually effective in treating these fungal masses. Instead, aspergillomas tha","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"People who develop aspergillosis usually have an underlying condition, such as asthma or cystic fibrosis, or have a weakened immune system due to illness or to immune-suppressing medications. If you have symptoms of aspergillosis and are already being tre"
149,188,"2018-02-01 05:01:26",Asthma,"Asthma attackAsthma attackIf you have asthma, the inside walls of the airways in your lungs can become inflamed and swollen. In addition, membranes in your airway linings may secrete excess mucus. The result is an asthma attack. During an asthma attack, y","Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. You may have infrequent asthma attacks, have symptoms only at certain times — such as when exercising — or have symptoms all the time. Asthma signs and symptoms include: Shortness of breath Chest tightness or pa","Seek emergency treatment Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Work with your doctor to determine what to do when your signs and symptoms worsen — and when you need emergency treatment. Signs of an asthma emergency include: Rapid worsening of sho","It isn't clear why some people get asthma and others don't, but it's probably due to a combination of environmental and genetic (inherited) factors. Asthma triggers Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies (allergens) can trigge","A number of factors are thought to increase your chances of developing asthma. These include: Having a blood relative (such as a parent or sibling) with asthma Having another allergic condition, such as atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis (hay fever) B","Asthma complications include: Signs and symptoms that interfere with sleep, work or recreational activities Sick days from work or school during asthma flare-ups Permanent narrowing of the bronchial tubes (airway remodeling) that affects how well you can ",149,"2018-02-01 20:35:04",Asthma,"Physical exam To rule out other possible conditions — such as a respiratory infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) — your doctor will do a physical exam and ask you questions about your signs and symptoms and about any other health prob","Prevention and long-term control are key in stopping asthma attacks before they start. Treatment usually involves learning to recognize your triggers, taking steps to avoid them and tracking your breathing to make sure your daily asthma medications are ke","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Although many people with asthma rely on medications to prevent and relieve symptoms, you can do several things on your own to maintain your health and lessen the possibility of asthma attacks. Avoid your triggers Taking steps to reduce your exposure asth","You're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. However, when you call to set up an appointment, you may be referred to an allergist or a pulmonologist. Because appointments can be brief, and because there's often a lot of g"
150,189,"2018-02-01 05:01:29","Asthma attack","During an asthma attack, also called an asthma exacerbation, your airways become swollen and inflamed. The muscles around the airways contract and the airways also produce extra mucus, causing your breathing (bronchial) tubes to narrow. During an attack, ",,,"An overly sensitive immune system makes your airways (bronchial tubes) become inflamed and swollen when you're exposed to certain triggers. Asthma triggers vary from person to person. Common asthma attack triggers include: Pollen, pets, mold and dust mite","Anyone who has asthma is at risk of an asthma attack. You may be at increased risk of a serious asthma attack if: You've had a severe asthma attack in the past You've previously been admitted to the hospital or had to go to the emergency room for asthma Y","Asthma attacks can be serious. Asthma attacks can interrupt everyday activities such as sleep, school, work and exercise, causing a significant impact on your quality of life — and can disrupt the lives of those around you. Serious asthma attacks mean you",150,"2018-02-01 20:35:08","Asthma attack","For adults and children over 5 years old, lung (pulmonary) function tests are used to check how well the lungs are working. Poor lung function is a sign that your asthma isn't well-controlled. In some cases, lung function tests are also used in asthma eme","If you and your doctor have worked out an asthma plan, follow its directions at the first sign of an asthma attack. This generally means taking two to six puffs of a quick-acting (rescue) inhaler to get airway-expanding medication, such as albuterol (ProA","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","All asthma attacks require treatment with a quick-acting (rescue) inhaler such as albuterol. One of the key steps in preventing an asthma attack is to avoid your triggers. If your asthma attacks seem to be set off by outside triggers, your doctor can help","Be prepared for your visit to your doctor so that you can get the most out of your appointment. At each visit: Take your asthma action plan with you when you see your doctor. If you haven't made one yet, work with your doctor to create one. This plan shou"
151,190,"2018-02-01 05:01:32","Childhood asthma","In childhood asthma, the lungs and airways become easily inflamed when exposed to certain triggers, such as inhaling airborne pollen or catching a cold or another respiratory infection. Childhood asthma can cause bothersome daily symptoms that interfere w","Common childhood asthma signs and symptoms include: Frequent, intermittent coughing A whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling Shortness of breath Chest congestion or tightness Chest pain, particularly in younger children Other signs and symptoms of chil","Take your child to see the doctor as soon as possible if you suspect he or she may have asthma. Early treatment will not only help control day-to-day asthma symptoms, but also may prevent asthma attacks. Make an appointment with your child's doctor if you","The underlying causes of childhood asthma aren't fully understood. Developing an overly sensitive immune system generally plays a role. Some factors thought to be involved include: Inherited traits Some types of airway infections at a very young age Expos","Factors that may increase your child's likelihood of developing asthma include: Exposure to tobacco smoke Previous allergic reactions, including skin reactions, food allergies or hay fever (allergic rhinitis) A family history of asthma, allergic rhinitis,","Asthma may cause a number of complications, including: Severe asthma attacks that require emergency treatment or hospital care Permanent narrowing of the airways (bronchial tubes) Missed school days or getting behind in school Poor sleep and fatigue Sympt",151,"2018-02-01 20:35:10","Childhood asthma","Asthma can be hard to diagnose. Your child's doctor will consider the nature and frequency of symptoms and may use tests to rule out other conditions and to identify the most likely cause of his or her symptoms. A number of childhood conditions can have s","The goal of asthma treatment is to keep symptoms under control all of the time. Well-controlled asthma means that your child has: Minimal or no symptoms Few or no asthma flare-ups No limitations on physical activities or exercise Minimal use of quick-reli","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Taking steps to reduce your child's exposure to his or her asthma triggers will lessen the possibility of asthma attacks. Steps to help avoid triggers vary depending on what triggers your child's asthma. Here are some things that may help: Maintain low hu","You're likely to start by taking your child to your family doctor or your child's pediatrician. However, when you call to set up an appointment, you may be referred to an allergist, lung doctor (pulmonologist) or other specialist. Here's some information "
152,191,"2018-02-01 05:01:35","Exercise-induced asthma","Exercised-induced asthma is a narrowing of the airways in the lungs that is triggered by strenuous exercise. It causes shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing and other symptoms during or after exercise. The preferred term for this condition is exercise-i",,,"Medical researchers are exploring several ideas regarding the cause of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. There may be more than one biological process that can lead to the condition. Researchers do know that in people who experience exercise-induced b",,"Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction that is not treated can result in: A lack of beneficial exercise Poor performance in activities you would otherwise enjoy Serious or life-threatening breathing difficulties, particularly among people with poorly manage",152,"2018-02-01 20:35:13","Exercise-induced asthma","SpirometerSpirometerA spirometer is a diagnostic device that measures the amount of air you're able to breathe in and out and the time it takes you to exhale completely after you take a deep breath. In addition to asking questions about your symptoms, you","Your doctor may prescribe drugs to take shortly before exercise or to take daily for long-term control. Pre-exercise medications Your doctor may prescribe a drug that you take before exercise to minimize or prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Ta",,"Steps you can take to prevent or minimize symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction include the following: Do a 10-minute warm-up that varies in intensity before you begin regular exercise. Breathe through your nose to warm and humidify the air bef","You're likely to start by seeing your primary care doctor. He or she may refer you to a doctor who specializes in asthma (an allergist-immunologist or pulmonologist). Be prepared to answer the following questions: What symptoms have you experienced? Do th"
153,192,"2018-02-01 05:01:37","Occupational asthma","Occupational asthma is asthma that's caused or worsened by breathing in chemical fumes, gases, dust or other substances on the job. Like other types of asthma, occupational asthma can cause chest tightness, wheezing and shortness of breath. When treated e",,"Seek immediate medical treatment if your symptoms worsen. Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Signs of an asthma attack that needs emergency treatment include: Rapid worsening of shortness of breath or wheezing No improvement even after using s","More than 300 workplace substances have been identified as possible causes of occupational asthma. These substances include: Animal substances, such as proteins found in dander, hair, scales, fur, saliva and body wastes. Chemicals, such as anhydrides, dii","You're at increased risk of developing occupational asthma if: You have existing allergies or asthma. Although this can increase your risk, many people who have allergies or asthma do jobs that expose them to lung irritants and never have symptoms. Allerg","The longer you're exposed to a substance that causes occupational asthma, the worse your symptoms will become — and the longer it will take for them to improve once you end your exposure to the irritant. In some cases, exposure to airborne asthma triggers",153,"2018-02-01 20:35:14","Occupational asthma","SpirometerSpirometerA spirometer is a diagnostic device that measures the amount of air you're able to breathe in and out and the time it takes you to exhale completely after you take a deep breath. Diagnosing occupational asthma is similar to diagnosing ","Avoiding the workplace irritant that causes your symptoms is critical. However, once you become sensitive to a substance, tiny amounts may trigger asthma symptoms, even if you wear a mask or respirator. You may need medications to control your symptoms an","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"You're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. Or you may start by seeing a doctor who specializes in asthma (allergist-immunologist or pulmonologist). Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. What "
154,193,"2018-02-01 05:01:37",Astigmatism,"Astigmatism (uh-STIG-muh-tiz-um) is a common and generally treatable imperfection in the curvature of your eye that causes blurred distance and near vision. Astigmatism occurs when either the front surface of your eye (cornea) or the lens, inside your eye",,,"Simplified anatomy of the eyeSimplified anatomy of the eyeThis simplified illustration of the eye shows the elements most involved in astigmatism: the cornea, lens and retina. AstigmatismAstigmatismAstigmatism is a type of refractive error caused when eit",,,154,"2018-02-01 20:35:16",Astigmatism,"Astigmatism is diagnosed by an eye exam. A complete eye exam involves a series of tests to check your eye health and a refraction, which determines how your eyes bend light. Your eye doctor may use various instruments, aim bright lights directly at your e","The goal of treating astigmatism is to improve vision clarity and eye comfort. Treatments are corrective lenses or refractive surgery. Corrective lensesWearing corrective lenses treats astigmatism by counteracting uneven curvatures of your cornea and lens","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"You may encounter three kinds of specialists as you seek help for various eye conditions: Ophthalmologist. An ophthalmologist is an eye specialist with a doctor of medicine (M.D.) or a doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) degree who provides full eye care. This ca"
155,196,"2018-02-01 05:01:44",Ataxia,"Cerebellum and brainstemCerebellum and brainstemPersistent ataxia usually results from damage to the part of your brain that controls muscle coordination (cerebellum). Ataxia describes a lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements, such ","Ataxia can develop over time or come on suddenly. A sign of a number of neurological disorders, ataxia can cause: Poor coordination Unsteady walk and a tendency to stumble Difficulty with fine motor tasks, such as eating, writing or buttoning a shirt Chan",,"Damage, degeneration or loss of nerve cells in the part of your brain that controls muscle coordination (cerebellum), results in ataxia. Your cerebellum comprises two pingpong-ball-sized portions of folded tissue situated at the base of your brain near yo",,,155,"2018-02-01 20:35:22",Ataxia,"If you have ataxia, your doctor will look for a treatable cause. Besides conducting a physical exam and a neurological exam, including checking your memory and concentration, vision, hearing, balance, coordination, and reflexes, your doctor might request ","There's no treatment specifically for ataxia. In some cases, treating the underlying cause resolves the ataxia, such as stopping medications that cause it. In other cases, such as ataxia that results from chickenpox or other viral infection, it's likely t","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"You're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. In some cases, your doctor may refer you to a neurologist. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment. What you can doWhen you make the appointment, ask"
156,197,"2018-02-01 05:01:45",Atelectasis,"Atelectasis (at-uh-LEK-tuh-sis) — a complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung — develops when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated. It's a breathing (respiratory) complication after surgery. Atelectasis is also a poss",,"Atelectasis is likely to occur when you're already in a hospital. However, seek medical attention right away if you have trouble breathing. Other conditions besides atelectasis can cause breathing difficulties and require an accurate diagnosis and prompt ","Atelectasis may be the result of a blocked airway (obstructive) or of pressure from outside the lung (nonobstructive). Almost everyone who has surgery has some atelectasis from anesthesia. Anesthesia changes your regular pattern of breathing and the absor","Factors that increase the risk of atelectasis include: Age — being younger than 3 or older than 60 years of age. Any condition that interferes with spontaneous coughing, yawning and sighing. Confinement to bed with infrequent changes of position. Impaired","The following complications may result from atelectasis: Low blood oxygen (hypoxemia). Atelectasis hampers your lungs' ability to get oxygen to the alveoli. Pneumonia. You're at greater risk of developing pneumonia until the atelectasis has been cleared. ",156,"2018-02-01 20:35:25",Atelectasis,"To diagnose atelectasis and determine the underlying cause, your doctor may order tests, including: Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray usually can diagnose atelectasis. Occasionally, a foreign body, a common cause of obstructive atelectasis in children and adults","Treatment of atelectasis depends on the cause. Atelectasis of a small area of your lung may subside without treatment. If there's an underlying condition, such as a tumor, treatment may involve removal or shrinkage of the tumor with surgery, chemotherapy ",,,"Unless you require emergency care, you're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. However, in some cases when you call to set up an appointment, you may be referred immediately to a lung specialist (pulmonologist). Here's s"
157,199,"2018-02-01 05:01:46","Athlete’s foot","Athlete's footAthlete's footAthlete's foot is a fungal infection that usually begins between the toes. It can cause a scaly rash that may itch, sting or burn. Athlete's foot (side of foot)Athlete's foot (side of foot)Moccasin-type athlete's foot can cause",,,"Athlete's foot is caused by the same type of fungus that causes ringworm and jock itch. Damp socks and shoes and warm, humid conditions favor the organisms' growth. Athlete's foot is contagious and can be spread by contact with an infected person or from ","You are at higher risk of athlete's foot if you: Are a man Frequently wear damp socks or tightfitting shoes Share mats, rugs, bed linens, clothes or shoes with someone who has a fungal infection Walk barefoot in public areas where the infection can spread","Your athlete's foot infection can spread to other parts of your body, including: Your hand. People who scratch or pick at the infected parts of their feet may develop a similar infection in one of their hands. Your nails. The fungi associated with athlete",157,"2018-02-01 20:35:28","Athlete’s foot","In some cases, your doctor may be able to diagnose athlete's foot simply by looking at it. To help confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions, your doctor might: Take skin scrapings or samples from the infected area and view them under a microsco","If your athlete's foot is mild, your doctor may suggest using an over-the-counter antifungal ointment, lotion, powder or spray. If your athlete's foot doesn't respond, you may need a prescription-strength medication to apply to your feet. Severe infection",,,"Your primary care doctor or a skin specialist (dermatologist) can diagnose athlete's foot. You don't need any special preparations for an appointment to diagnose athlete's foot. What you can doBefore your appointment, you might want to write down a list o"
158,200,"2018-02-01 05:01:47","Atopic dermatitis (eczema)","Atopic dermatitis on the legsAtopic dermatitis on the legsAtopic dermatitis can cause small, red bumps, which can be very itchy. When scratched, the bumps may leak fluid and crust over. Atopic dermatitis most often occurs where your skin flexes — inside t",,,"Healthy skin helps retain moisture and protects you from bacteria, irritants and allergens. Eczema is related to a gene variation that affects the skin's ability to provide this protection. This allows your skin to be affected by environmental factors, ir","The primary risk factor for atopic dermatitis is having a personal or family history of eczema, allergies, hay fever or asthma. ComplicationsComplications of atopic dermatitis (eczema) may include: Asthma and hay fever. Eczema sometimes precedes these con","Complications of atopic dermatitis (eczema) may include: Asthma and hay fever. Eczema sometimes precedes these conditions. More than half of young children with atopic dermatitis develop asthma and hay fever by age 13. Chronic itchy, scaly skin. A skin co",158,"2018-02-01 20:35:31","Atopic dermatitis (eczema)","No lab test is needed to identify atopic dermatitis (eczema). Your doctor will likely make a diagnosis by examining your skin and reviewing your medical history. He or she may also use patch testing or other tests to rule out other skin diseases or identi","Atopic dermatitis can be persistent. You may need to try various treatments over months or years to control it. And even if treatment is successful, signs and symptoms may return (flare). It's important to recognize the condition early so that you can sta","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","To help reduce itching and soothe inflamed skin, try these self-care measures: Moisturize your skin at least twice a day. Find a product or combination of products that works for you. You might try bath oils, creams, ointments or sprays. For a child, the ","You're likely to start by seeing your family or primary care doctor. But in some cases when you call to set up an appointment, you may be referred to a specialist in skin diseases (dermatologist). Here's some information to help you prepare for your appoi"
159,201,"2018-02-01 05:01:49","Atrial fibrillation","Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can increase your risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications. During atrial fibrillation, the heart's two upper chambers (the atria) beat chaotically and irregula","Some people with atrial fibrillation have no symptoms and are unaware of their condition until it's discovered during a physical examination. Those who do have atrial fibrillation symptoms may experience signs and symptoms such as: Palpitations, which are","If you have any symptoms of atrial fibrillation, make an appointment with your doctor. Your doctor may order an electrocardiogram to determine if your symptoms are related to atrial fibrillation or another heart rhythm disorder (arrhythmia). If you have c","Atrial fibrillationAtrial fibrillationIn a normal heart rhythm, a tiny cluster of cells at the sinus node sends out an electrical signal. The signal then travels through the atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node and then passes into the ventricles, caus","Certain factors may increase your risk of developing atrial fibrillation. These include: Age. The older you are, the greater your risk of developing atrial fibrillation. Heart disease. Anyone with heart disease — such as heart valve problems, congenital h","Sometimes atrial fibrillation can lead to the following complications: Stroke. In atrial fibrillation, the chaotic rhythm may cause blood to pool in your heart's upper chambers (atria) and form clots. If a blood clot forms, it could dislodge from your hea",159,"2018-02-01 20:35:32","Atrial fibrillation","To diagnose atrial fibrillation, your doctor may review your signs and symptoms, review your medical history, and conduct a physical examination. Your doctor may order several tests to diagnose your condition, including: Electrocardiogram (ECG). An ECG us","The atrial fibrillation treatment that is most appropriate for you will depend on how long you've had atrial fibrillation, how bothersome your symptoms are and the underlying cause of your atrial fibrillation. Generally, the treatment goals for atrial fib","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","You may need to make lifestyle changes that improve the overall health of your heart, especially to prevent or treat conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease. Your doctor may suggest several lifestyle changes, including: Eat heart-healthy ","If you think you may have atrial fibrillation, it is critical that you make an appointment with your family doctor. If atrial fibrillation is found early, your treatment may be easier and more effective. However, you may be referred to a doctor trained in"
160,205,"2018-02-01 05:01:52","Atrioventricular canal defect","Atrioventricular canal defect is a combination of heart problems resulting in a defect in the center of the heart. The condition occurs when there's a hole between the heart's chambers and problems with the valves that regulate blood flow in the heart. So","Atrioventricular canal defect can involve only the two upper chambers of the heart (partial) or all four chambers (complete). In either type, extra blood circulates in the lungs.","See your doctor if you or your child develops signs or symptoms of atrioventricular canal defect.","Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA normal heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pum","Factors that might increase a baby's risk of developing atrioventricular canal defect before birth include: Down syndrome German measles (rubella) or another viral illness during a mother's early pregnancy Alcohol consumption during pregnancy Poorly contr","Complications of atrioventricular canal defect can include: Enlargement of the heart. Increased blood flow through the heart forces it to work harder than normal, causing it to enlarge. Pulmonary hypertension. When there is a hole (defect) that allows mix",160,"2018-02-01 20:35:36","Atrioventricular canal defect","Atrioventricular canal defect might be detected before birth through ultrasound and special heart imaging. After birth, signs and symptoms of complete atrioventricular canal defect are usually noticeable within the first few weeks. When listening to your ","Surgery is needed to repair complete and partial atrioventricular canal defects. The procedure involves closing the hole in the wall (septum) between the heart chambers with one or two patches. The patches stay in the heart permanently, becoming part of t",,,"You or your child might be referred to a doctor trained in heart conditions (cardiologist). What you can do Write down symptoms you or your child experiences, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason why you scheduled the appointment. Make a li"
161,208,"2018-02-01 05:01:55","Vaginal atrophy","Vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis) is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls due to your body having less estrogen. Vaginal atrophy occurs most often after menopause. For many women, vaginal atrophy not only makes intercourse painful, bu",,,"Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is caused by a decrease in estrogen production. Less estrogen makes your vaginal tissues thinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile. A drop in estrogen levels may occur: After menopause During the years leading","Certain factors may contribute to genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), such as: Smoking. Cigarette smoking affects your blood circulation, resulting in the vagina and other tissues not getting enough oxygen. Smoking also reduces the effects of natur","Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) increases your risk of: Vaginal infections. Changes in the acid balance of your vagina makes vaginal infections (vaginitis) more likely. Urinary problems. Urinary changes associated with GSM can contribute to urin",161,"2018-02-01 20:35:40","Vaginal atrophy","Pelvic examPelvic examIn a pelvic exam, your physician inserts two gloved fingers inside your vagina. While simultaneously pressing down on your abdomen, he or she can examine your uterus, ovaries and other organs. Diagnosis of genitourinary syndrome of m","To treat genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), your doctor may first recommend that you: Try a vaginal moisturizer (Replens, Vagisil Feminine Moisturizer, Hyalo Gyn, others) to restore some moisture to your vaginal area. You may have to apply the moi",,"If you're experiencing vaginal dryness or irritation, you may find relief if you: Try an over-the-counter moisturizer (Replens, Vagisil Feminine Moisturizer, others). This can restore some moisture to your vaginal area. Use an over-the-counter water-based","You'll probably start by discussing your symptoms with your primary care provider. If you aren't already seeing a doctor who specializes in women's health (gynecologist or internal medicine women's health specialist), your primary care provider may refer "
162,209,"2018-02-01 05:01:58","Reactive attachment disorder","Reactive attachment disorder is a rare but serious condition in which an infant or young child doesn't establish healthy attachments with parents or caregivers. Reactive attachment disorder may develop if the child's basic needs for comfort, affection and",,"Consider getting an evaluation if your child shows any of the signs above. Signs can occur in children who don't have reactive attachment disorder or who have another disorder, such as autism spectrum disorder. It's important to have your child evaluated ","To feel safe and develop trust, infants and young children need a stable, caring environment. Their basic emotional and physical needs must be consistently met. For instance, when a baby cries, the need for a meal or a diaper change must be met with a sha","The risk of developing reactive attachment disorder from serious social and emotional neglect or the lack of opportunity to develop stable attachments may increase in children who, for example: Live in a children's home or other institution Frequently cha","Without treatment, reactive attachment disorder can continue for several years and may have lifelong consequences. Some research suggests that some children and teenagers with reactive attachment disorder may display callous, unemotional traits that can i",162,"2018-02-01 20:35:42","Reactive attachment disorder","A pediatric psychiatrist or psychologist can conduct a thorough, in-depth examination to diagnose reactive attachment disorder. Your child's evaluation may include: Direct observation of interaction with parents or caregivers Details about the pattern of ","Children with reactive attachment disorder are believed to have the capacity to form attachments, but this ability has been hindered by their experiences. Most children are naturally resilient. And even those who've been neglected, lived in a children's h","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"You may start by visiting your child's pediatrician. However, you may be referred to a child psychiatrist or psychologist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of reactive attachment disorder or a pediatrician specializing in child development. H"
163,212,"2018-02-01 05:02:02","Atypical depression","Any type of depression can make you feel sad and keep you from enjoying life. However, atypical depression — also called depression with atypical features — means that your depressed mood can brighten in response to positive events. Other key symptoms inc","Symptoms of depression can vary from person to person. Key signs and symptoms may include: Depression that temporarily lifts in response to good news or positive events Increased appetite that can cause weight gain Increased desire to sleep, usually more ","If you feel depressed, make an appointment to see your doctor as soon as you can. Atypical depression may get worse if it isn't treated. If you're reluctant to seek treatment, talk to a friend or loved one, a health care professional, a faith leader, or s","It's not known exactly what causes atypical depression or why some people have different features of depression. Atypical depression often starts in the teenage years, earlier than other types of depression, and can have a more long-term (chronic) course.","Many factors seem to increase the risk of developing or triggering depression, whether it's atypical or not. Risk factors may include: History of bipolar disorder Abuse of alcohol or recreational drugs Physical or sexual abuse Traumatic childhood experien","Like other types of depression, atypical depression is a serious illness that can cause major problems. Atypical depression can result in emotional, behavioral and health problems that affect every area of your life. For example, atypical depression can b",163,"2018-02-01 20:35:46","Atypical depression","These exams and tests can help your doctor rule out other problems that could be causing your symptoms, determine a diagnosis and check for any related complications: Physical exam. Your doctor may do a physical exam and ask in-depth questions about your ","Medications and talk therapy (psychotherapy) are effective for most people with depression, including atypical depression. Your primary care doctor or psychiatrist can prescribe medications to relieve symptoms. However, many people with atypical depressio",,"Depression generally isn't an illness that you can treat on your own. But in addition to professional treatment, these self-care steps can help: Stick to your treatment plan. Don't skip psychotherapy sessions or appointments. Even if you're feeling well, ","You may see your primary care doctor, or your doctor may refer you to a professional who specializes in mental health conditions. You may want to take a family member or friend along, if possible. Someone who comes with you may remember something that you"
164,213,"2018-02-01 05:02:06","Atypical hyperplasia of the breast","How breast cancer developsHow breast cancer developsDuctal breast cancer is thought to begin with abnormal tissue growth in a breast duct. A. Normal breast duct is shown. B. An overgrowth of normal cells may develop in the breast duct (hyperplasia). C. Ov","Atypical hyperplasia usually doesn't cause any specific symptoms.","Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you. Atypical hyperplasia typically doesn't cause symptoms, but it may cause changes to appear on a mammogram. Atypical hyperplasia is usually discovered during a breast bio","It's not clear what causes atypical hyperplasia. Atypical hyperplasia forms when breast cells become abnormal in number, size, shape, growth pattern and appearance. The appearance of the abnormal cells determines the type of atypical hyperplasia: Atypical",,"Increased risk of breast cancerIf you've been diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia, you have an increased risk of developing breast cancer in the future. Women with atypical hyperplasia have a lifetime risk of breast cancer that is about four times higher ",164,"2018-02-01 20:35:49","Atypical hyperplasia of the breast","Atypical hyperplasia is usually discovered after a biopsy to evaluate a suspicious area found on a mammogram or during a clinical breast exam. During the biopsy, tissue samples are removed and sent for analysis by a specially trained doctor (pathologist).","Atypical hyperplasia is generally treated with surgery to remove the abnormal cells and to make sure no in situ or invasive cancer also is present in the area. Doctors often recommend more intensive screening for breast cancer and medications to reduce yo",,,"If a mammogram reveals a suspicious area in your breast, your doctor may refer you to a breast health specialist or a specialized breast center. What you can do Because appointments can be brief, and because there's often a lot of ground to cover, it's a "
165,214,"2018-02-01 05:02:08","Autism spectrum disorder","Autism spectrum disorder is a condition related to brain development that impacts how a person perceives and socializes with others, causing problems in social interaction and communication. The disorder also includes limited and repetitive patterns of be","Some children show signs of autism spectrum disorder in early infancy, such as reduced eye contact, lack of response to their name or indifference to caregivers. Other children may develop normally for the first few months or years of life, but then sudde","Babies develop at their own pace, and many don't follow exact timelines found in some parenting books. But children with autism spectrum disorder usually show some signs of delayed development before age 2 years. If you're concerned about your child's dev","Autism spectrum disorder has no single known cause. Given the complexity of the disorder, and the fact that symptoms and severity vary, there are probably many causes. Both genetics and environment may play a role. Genetics. Several different genes appear","The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is rising. It's not clear whether this is due to better detection and reporting or a real increase in the number of cases, or both. Autism spectrum disorder affects children of all races and n","Problems with social interactions, communication and behavior can lead to: Problems in school and with successful learning Employment problems Inability to live independently Social isolation Stress within the family Victimization and being bullied Preven",165,"2018-02-01 20:35:50","Autism spectrum disorder","Your child's doctor will look for signs of developmental delays at regular checkups. If your child shows any symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, you'll likely be referred to a specialist who treats children with autism spectrum disorder, such as a child","No cure exists for autism spectrum disorder, and there is no one-size-fits-all treatment. The goal of treatment is to maximize your child's ability to function by reducing autism spectrum disorder symptoms and supporting development and learning. Early in",,,"Your child's health care provider will look for developmental problems at regular checkups. Mention any concerns you have during your appointment. If your child shows any signs of autism spectrum disorder, you'll likely be referred to a specialist who tre"
166,215,"2018-02-01 05:02:09","Autoimmune hepatitis","The liverThe liverThe liver is your largest internal organ. About the size of a football, it's located mainly in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and above your stomach, but a small portion extends into the upper left quadran",,,"Autoimmune hepatitis occurs when the body's immune system, which ordinarily attacks viruses, bacteria and other pathogens, instead targets the liver. This attack on your liver can lead to chronic inflammation and serious damage to liver cells. Just why th","Factors that may increase your risk of autoimmune hepatitis include: Being female. Although both men and women can develop autoimmune hepatitis, the disease is more common in women. A history of certain infections. Autoimmune hepatitis may develop after y","Esophageal varicesEsophageal varicesEsophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus. They're often due to obstructed blood flow through the portal vein, which carries blood from the intestine, pancreas and spleen to the liver. Autoimmune hepatitis ",166,"2018-02-01 20:35:53","Autoimmune hepatitis","Liver biopsyLiver biopsyA liver biopsy is a procedure to remove a small sample of liver tissue for laboratory testing. A liver biopsy is commonly performed by inserting a thin needle through your skin and into your liver. Tests and procedures used to diag","Whatever type of autoimmune hepatitis you have, the goal of treatment is to slow or stop the immune system attack on your liver. This may help slow the progression of the disease. To meet this goal, you’ll need medications that lower immune-system activit","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"If you have any signs or symptoms that worry you, start by making an appointment with your primary care doctor. If your doctor suspects you may have autoimmune hepatitis, you may be referred to a specialist in liver diseases (hepatologist). Because appoin"
167,216,"2018-02-01 05:02:12","Autoimmune pancreatitis","Autoimmune pancreatitis, also called AIP, is a chronic inflammation that is thought to be caused by the body's immune system attacking the pancreas and that responds to steroid therapy. Two subtypes of AIP are now recognized, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 AIP",,"Autoimmune pancreatitis often doesn't cause any symptoms. See your doctor, however, if you experience unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, or other signs and symptoms that bother you.","Doctors don't know what causes autoimmune pancreatitis, but as in other autoimmune diseases, the body's immune system attacks healthy body tissue.",,"Autoimmune pancreatitis can cause a variety of complications. Pancreatic insufficiency. AIP may affect the ability of your pancreas to make enough enzymes. Signs and symptoms may include diarrhea, weight loss, metabolic bone disease, and vitamin or minera",167,"2018-02-01 20:35:54","Autoimmune pancreatitis","Autoimmune pancreatitis is difficult to diagnose, because its signs and symptoms are very similar to those of pancreatic cancer. However, an accurate diagnosis is extremely important. Undiagnosed cancer may result in delaying or not receiving necessary su","Biliary stenting. Before starting medication, sometimes doctors will insert a tube to drain the biliary ducts (biliary stenting) in people with symptoms of obstructive jaundice. Often, though, jaundice improves with steroid treatment alone. Sometimes drai","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"Start by seeing your primary care doctor if you have signs or symptoms that worry you. If your doctor suspects you may have autoimmune pancreatitis, you may be referred to a gastroenterologist. Because appointments can be brief and because there's often a"
168,217,"2018-02-01 05:02:13","Autonomic neuropathy","Autonomic neuropathy occurs when the nerves that control involuntary bodily functions are damaged. This may affect blood pressure, temperature control, digestion, bladder function and even sexual function. The nerve damage interferes with the messages sen",,"Seek medical care promptly if you begin experiencing any of the signs and symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, particularly if you have diabetes and it's poorly controlled. If you have type 2 diabetes, the American Diabetes Association (the Association) reco","Many health conditions can cause autonomic neuropathy. It may also be a side effect of treatments for other diseases, such as cancer. Some common causes of autonomic neuropathy include: Abnormal protein buildup in organs (amyloidosis), which affects the o","Factors that may increase your risk of autonomic neuropathy include: Diabetes. Diabetes, especially when poorly controlled, increases your risk of autonomic neuropathy and other nerve damage. You’re at greatest risk if you have had the disease for more th",,168,"2018-02-01 20:35:56","Autonomic neuropathy","Autonomic neuropathy is a possible complication of a number of diseases, and the tests you'll need often depend on your symptoms and risk factors for autonomic neuropathy. When you have known risk factors for autonomic neuropathy If you have conditions th","Treatment of autonomic neuropathy includes: Treating the underlying disease. The first goal of treating autonomic neuropathy is to manage the disease or condition damaging your nerves. For example, if the underlying cause is diabetes, you'll need to tight","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Posture changes. Stand up slowly, in stages, to decrease dizziness. Sit with your legs dangling over the side of the bed for a few minutes before getting out of bed. Flex your feet and grip your hands for a few seconds before standing up, to increase bloo","First, you'll probably see your primary care physician. If you have diabetes, you may see your diabetes specialist (endocrinologist). However, you may be referred to a specialist in nerve disorders (neurologist). You may need to see other specialists depe"
169,218,"2018-02-01 05:02:15","Avascular necrosis","Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. Also called osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis can lead to tiny breaks in the bone and the bone's eventual collapse. The blood flow to a section of bone can be interrupted if the","Many people have no symptoms in the early stages of avascular necrosis. As the condition worsens, your affected joint may hurt only when you put weight on it. Eventually, the joint may hurt even when you're lying down. Pain can be mild or severe and usual","See your doctor if you have persistent pain in any joint. Seek immediate medical attention if you believe you have a broken bone or a dislocated joint.","Avascular necrosis occurs when blood flow to a bone is interrupted or reduced. Reduced blood supply can be caused by: Joint or bone trauma. An injury, such as a dislocated joint, might damage nearby blood vessels. Cancer treatments involving radiation als","Risk factors for developing avascular necrosis include: Trauma. Injuries, such as hip dislocation or fracture, can damage nearby blood vessels and reduce blood flow to bones. Steroid use. High-dose use of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, is the most c","Untreated, avascular necrosis worsens with time. Eventually the bone may become so weakened that it collapses. Avascular necrosis also causes bone to lose its smooth shape, potentially leading to severe arthritis. PreventionTo reduce your risk of avascula",169,"2018-02-01 20:35:59","Avascular necrosis","During a physical exam your doctor will likely press around your joints, checking for tenderness. Your doctor may also move the joints through a variety of positions to see if your range of motion has been reduced. Imaging tests Many disorders can cause j","The goal is to prevent further bone loss. Specific treatment usually depends on the amount of bone damage you already have. Medications and therapy In the early stages of avascular necrosis, symptoms can be reduced with medication and therapy. Your doctor","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"You may be referred to a doctor who specializes in disorders of the joints (rheumatologist) or to an orthopedic surgeon. What you can do Write down your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason why you scheduled the appointment. Write"
170,219,"2018-02-01 05:02:17","Bird flu (avian influenza)","Bird flu is caused by a type of influenza virus that rarely infects humans. More than a dozen types of bird flu have been identified, including the two strains that have most recently infected humans — H5N1 and H7N9. When bird flu does strike humans, it c","Signs and symptoms of bird flu may begin within two to seven days of infection, depending on the type. In most cases, they resemble those of conventional influenza, including: Cough Fever Sore throat Muscle aches Headache Shortness of breath Some people a","See your doctor immediately if you develop a fever, cough and body aches and have recently traveled to a part of the world where bird flu occurs. Be sure to let your doctor know if you visited any farms or open-air markets.","Bird flu occurs naturally in wild waterfowl and can spread into domestic poultry, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese. The disease is transmitted via contact with an infected bird's feces, or secretions from its nose, mouth or eyes. Open-air market","The greatest risk factor for bird flu seems to be contact with sick birds or with surfaces contaminated by their feathers, saliva or droppings. The pattern of human transmission remains mysterious. In very few instances, bird flu has been transmitted from","People with bird flu may develop life-threatening complications, including: Pneumonia Pink eye (conjunctivitis) Respiratory failure Kidney dysfunction Heart problems Although bird flu may kill more than half the people it infects, the number of fatalities",170,"2018-02-01 20:36:01","Bird flu (avian influenza)","Laboratory testsSamples of fluids from your nose or throat can be tested for evidence of bird flu virus. These samples must be taken within the first few days after symptoms appear. Imaging testsX-rays may be useful in assessing the condition of your lung","Many influenza viruses have become resistant to the effects of a category of antiviral drugs that includes amantadine and rimantadine (Flumadine). Health officials recommend the use of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or, if oseltamivir can't be used, zanamivir (Rel",,,"If you suspect that you have bird flu, you need to see your primary care doctor. Let people know you may have the flu, and ask for a surgical mask to wear during your visit. If you are very ill, you may need to be hospitalized. What you can do Symptom his"
171,221,"2018-02-01 05:02:19","Baby acne","Baby acneBaby acneBaby acne is usually characterized by small red bumps on a baby's cheeks, chin and forehead. Baby acne is acne that develops on a newborn's skin. Baby acne can occur anywhere on the face, but usually appears on the cheeks, nose and foreh","Baby acne is usually characterized by small red or white bumps on a baby's cheeks, nose and forehead. It often develops within the first two to four weeks after birth. Many babies also develop tiny white bumps on the nose, chin or cheeks. These are known ","Consult your baby's doctor if you're concerned about any aspect of your baby's complexion. Baby acne usually clears up within three to four months. CausesIt's not clear exactly what causes baby acne. By Mayo Clinic Staff","It's not clear exactly what causes baby acne. By Mayo Clinic Staff Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Diagnosis & treatment June 17, 2015 Print Share on: FacebookTwitter References AskMayoExpert. Neonatal acne. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Med",,,171,"2018-02-01 20:36:03","Baby acne","Baby acne can usually be diagnosed on sight. No specific testing is needed.",,,"These tips are useful for caring for your baby's skin while he or she has acne: Keep your baby's face clean. Wash your baby's face daily with warm water and mild baby soap. Dry your baby's face gently. Simply pat your baby's skin dry. Don't pinch or scrub","If you're following a standard well-baby exam schedule, your baby will likely visit with your family doctor or pediatrician soon. These regular appointments offer a good opportunity to discuss concerns about your baby's health. For baby acne, some basic q"
172,222,"2018-02-01 05:02:22","Back pain","Back pain is one of the most common reasons people go to the doctor or miss work and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Most people have back pain at least once. Fortunately, you can take measures to prevent or relieve most back pain episodes. If pr",,"Most back pain gradually improves with home treatment and self-care, usually within two weeks. If not, see your doctor. In rare cases, back pain can signal a serious medical problem. Seek immediate care if your back pain: Causes new bowel or bladder probl","Back pain can come on suddenly and last less than six weeks (acute), which may be caused by a fall or heavy lifting. Back pain that lasts more than three months (chronic) is less common than acute pain. Back pain often develops without a specific cause th","Anyone can develop back pain, even children and teens. Research has yet to prove what contributes to back pain. However, these factors might put you at greater risk of developing back pain: Age. Back pain is more common as you get older, starting around a",,172,"2018-02-01 20:36:07","Back pain","If you see your doctor for back pain, he or she will examine your back and assess your ability to sit, stand, walk and lift your legs. Your doctor might also ask you to rate your pain on a scale of zero to 10 and talk to you about how well you're function","Most acute back pain gets better with a few weeks of home treatment. Over-the-counter pain relievers and the use of heat or ice might be all you need. Bed rest isn't recommended. Continue your activities as much as you can tolerate. Try light activity, su","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"If your back pain lasts for a few days without improvement, make an appointment with your doctor. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment. What you can do Write down key personal information, including mental or emotional stress"
173,223,"2018-02-01 05:02:23",Vaginitis,"Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching and pain. The cause is usually a change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria or an infection. Reduced estrogen levels after menopause and some skin disorders can also ca",,,"The cause depends on what type of vaginitis you have: Bacterial vaginosis. This most common cause of vaginitis results from a change of the normal bacteria found in your vagina, to overgrowth of one of several other organisms. Usually, bacteria normally f","Factors that increase your risk of developing vaginitis include: Hormonal changes, such as those associated with pregnancy, birth control pills or menopause Sexual activity Having a sexually transmitted infection Medications, such as antibiotics and stero","Women with trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis are at a greater risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections because of the inflammation caused by these disorders. In pregnant women, symptomatic bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis have been asso",173,"2018-02-01 20:36:11",Vaginitis,"To diagnose vaginitis, your doctor is likely to: Review your medical history. This includes your history of vaginal or sexually transmitted infections. Perform a pelvic exam. During the pelvic exam, your doctor may use an instrument (speculum) to look ins","A variety of organisms and conditions can cause vaginitis, so treatment targets the specific cause: Bacterial vaginosis. For this type of vaginitis, your doctor may prescribe metronidazole (Flagyl) tablets that you take by mouth or metronidazole (MetroGel",,"You'll need prescription medication to treat trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis and vaginal atrophy. If you know you have a yeast infection, you can take these steps: Use an over-the-counter medication specifically for yeast infections. Options include o","Your family doctor, gynecologist or another medical practitioner can diagnose and prescribe treatment for vaginitis. What you can doTo get ready for your appointment, make a list of: Your symptoms and how long you've had them Key personal information, inc"
174,224,"2018-02-01 05:02:25","Bacterial vaginosis","Bacterial vaginosis is a type of vaginal inflammation caused by the overgrowth of bacteria naturally found in the vagina, which upsets the natural balance. Women in their reproductive years are most likely to get bacterial vaginosis, but it can affect wom",,,"Bacterial vaginosis results from overgrowth of one of several bacteria naturally found in your vagina. Usually, ""good"" bacteria (lactobacilli) outnumber ""bad"" bacteria (anaerobes). But if there are too many anaerobic bacteria, they upset the natural balan","Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis include: Having multiple sex partners or a new sex partner. Doctors don't fully understand the link between sexual activity and bacterial vaginosis, but the condition occurs more often in women who have multiple sex pa","Bacterial vaginosis doesn't generally cause complications. Sometimes, having bacterial vaginosis may lead to: Preterm birth. In pregnant women, bacterial vaginosis is linked to premature deliveries and low birth weight babies. Sexually transmitted infecti",174,"2018-02-01 20:36:12","Bacterial vaginosis","Pelvic examPelvic examIn a pelvic exam, your physician inserts two gloved fingers inside your vagina. While simultaneously pressing down on your abdomen, he or she can examine your uterus, ovaries and other organs. To diagnose bacterial vaginosis, your do","To treat bacterial vaginosis, your doctor may prescribe one of the following medications: Metronidazole (Flagyl, Metrogel-Vaginal, others). This medicine may be taken as a pill by mouth (orally). Metronidazole is also available as a topical gel that you i",,,"Try to schedule your appointment on a day when you don't have your period. That way, your primary care doctor or gynecologist can observe and evaluate your vaginal discharge without menstrual discharge getting in the way. Avoid using tampons and vaginal d"
175,225,"2018-02-01 05:02:28","Bad breath","HalitosisHalitosisThe microscopic uneven surface of the tongue can trap bacteria that produce odors, contributing to bad breath. Bad breath, also called halitosis, can be embarrassing and in some cases may even cause anxiety. It's no wonder that store she","Bad breath odors vary, depending on the source or the underlying cause. Some people worry too much about their breath even though they have little or no mouth odor, while others have bad breath and don't know it. Because it's difficult to assess how your ","If you have bad breath, review your oral hygiene habits. Try making lifestyle changes, such as brushing your teeth and tongue after eating, using dental floss, and drinking plenty of water. If your bad breath persists after making such changes, see your d","Most bad breath starts in your mouth, and there are many possible causes. They include: Food. The breakdown of food particles in and around your teeth can increase bacteria and cause a foul odor. Eating certain foods, such as onions, garlic and spices, al",,,175,"2018-02-01 20:36:13","Bad breath","Your dentist will likely smell both the breath from your mouth and the breath from your nose and rate the odor on a scale. Because the back of the tongue is most often the source of the smell, your dentist may also scrape it and rate its odor. There are s","To reduce bad breath, help avoid cavities and lower your risk of gum disease, consistently practice good oral hygiene. Further treatment for bad breath can vary, depending on the cause. If your bad breath is thought to be caused by an underlying health co",,"To reduce or prevent bad breath: Brush your teeth after you eat. Keep a toothbrush at work to use after eating. Brush using a fluoride-containing toothpaste at least twice a day, especially after meals. Toothpaste with antibacterial properties has been sh","If you're going to have your bad breath evaluated by your dentist, these tips can help: Dentists generally prefer morning appointments for testing bad breath to reduce the chances that foods you eat during the day will hinder the exam. Don't wear perfume,"
176,227,"2018-02-01 05:02:33","Baker's cyst","Baker's cystBaker's cystSwelling on the back of one knee may be a Baker's cyst. A Baker's cyst can form when joint-lubricating fluid fills a cushioning pouch (bursa) at the back of your knee. A Baker's cyst is a fluid-filled cyst that causes a bulge and a","In some cases, a Baker's cyst causes no pain, and you may not notice it. If you do have signs and symptoms, they might include: Swelling behind your knee, and sometimes in your leg Knee pain Stiffness and inability to fully flex the knee Your symptoms may","If you have pain and swelling behind your knee, see your doctor. Though unlikely, a bulge behind your knee may be a sign of a condition more serious than a fluid-filled cyst. CausesA lubricating fluid called synovial (sih-NO-vee-ul) fluid helps your leg s","A lubricating fluid called synovial (sih-NO-vee-ul) fluid helps your leg swing smoothly and reduces friction between the moving parts of your knee. But sometimes the knee produces too much synovial fluid, resulting in buildup of fluid in an area on the ba",,"Rarely, a Baker's cyst bursts and synovial fluid leaks into the calf region, causing: Sharp pain in your knee Swelling in the calf Sometimes, redness of your calf or a feeling of water running down your calf These signs and symptoms closely resemble those",176,"2018-02-01 20:36:18","Baker's cyst","A Baker's cyst can often be diagnosed with a physical exam. However, because some of the signs and symptoms of a Baker's cyst mimic those of more-serious conditions, such as a blood clot, aneurysm or tumor, your doctor may order noninvasive imaging tests,","Sometimes a Baker's cyst will disappear on its own. However, if the cyst is large and causes pain, your doctor may recommend the following treatments: Medication. Your doctor may inject a corticosteroid medication, such as cortisone, into your knee to red",,"If your doctor determines that arthritis is causing the cyst, he or she may advise you to take some or all of the following steps: Follow the R.I.C.E. principles. These letters stand for rest, ice, compression and elevation. Rest your leg. Ice your knee. ","Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. What you can do Write down symptoms you have, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment. Write down key personal information, including rec"
177,228,"2018-02-01 05:02:33","Balance problems","Balance problems are conditions that make you feel unsteady or dizzy. If you are standing, sitting or lying down, you might feel as if you are moving, spinning or floating. If you are walking, you might suddenly feel as if you are tipping over or generall","Signs and symptoms of balance problems include: Sense of motion or spinning (vertigo) Feeling of faintness (presyncope) Loss of balance (disequilibrium) Dizziness Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic CausesBalance problems can be caused by several differ",,"Balance problems can be caused by several different conditions. The cause of balance problems is usually related to the specific sign or symptom. Sense of motion or spinning (vertigo)Vertigo can be associated with many conditions, including: Benign paroxy",,,177,"2018-02-01 20:36:22","Balance problems","Posturography testPosturography testThe posturography test can be done with equipment that uses a virtual reality format to project a visual image that moves with you while you're tested. Rotary chair testRotary chair testThe rotary chair test analyzes ey",,"Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,
178,230,"2018-02-01 05:02:34","Mitral valve prolapse","Mitral valve prolapse and regurgitationMitral valve prolapse and regurgitationThe mitral valve separates the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the left side of the heart. In mitral valve prolapse, the leaflets of the mitral valve bulge (prolapse) int",,,"When your heart is working properly, the mitral valve closes completely during contraction of the left ventricle and prevents blood from flowing back into your heart's upper left chamber (left atrium). But in some people with mitral valve prolapse, one or","Mitral valve prolapse can develop in any person at any age. Serious symptoms of mitral valve prolapse tend to occur most often in men older than 50. Mitral valve prolapse can run in families and may be linked to several other conditions, such as: Marfan s","Although most people with mitral valve prolapse never have problems, complications can occur. They may include: Mitral valve regurgitation. The most common complication is a condition in which the valve leaks blood back into the left atrium (mitral valve ",178,"2018-02-01 20:36:23","Mitral valve prolapse","Doctors may diagnose mitral valve prolapse at any age. Your doctor is most likely to diagnose mitral valve prolapse while listening to your heart with a stethoscope during a physical examination. If you have mitral valve prolapse, your doctor may hear a c","Most people with mitral valve prolapse, particularly people without symptoms, don't require treatment. If you have mitral valve regurgitation but don't have symptoms, your doctor may suggest you return regularly for follow-up examinations to monitor your ","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Most people with mitral valve prolapse lead normal, productive and symptom-free lives. Doctors generally won't recommend restrictions on your lifestyle or any limitations on your personal exercise or dietary program. However, ask your doctor if he or she ","Because appointments can be brief, and because there's often a lot to discuss, it's a good idea to be prepared for your appointment. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment and know what to expect from your doctor. What you can "
179,231,"2018-02-01 05:02:36",Folliculitis,"FolliculitisFolliculitisWhen hair follicles are damaged, they may be invaded by viruses, bacteria and fungi, leading to infections such as folliculitis. Superficial folliculitis affects the upper part of the hair follicle and the skin directly next to the","Hot tub folliculitisHot tub folliculitisHot tub folliculitis causes red, round, itchy bumps that may later develop into small pus-filled blisters. The rash is likely to be worse in areas where your swimsuit holds contaminated water against your skin. Pseu","Make an appointment with your doctor if your condition is widespread or the signs and symptoms don't go away after a few days. You may need an antibiotic or an antifungal medication to help control the condition. Types of folliculitisThe two main types of","Folliculitis is most often caused by an infection of hair follicles with Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria. Folliculitis may also be caused by viruses, fungi and even an inflammation from ingrown hairs. Follicles are densest on your scalp, and they o","Anyone can develop folliculitis. But certain factors make you more susceptible to the condition, including: Having a medical condition that reduces your resistance to infection, such as diabetes, chronic leukemia and HIV/AIDS Having acne or dermatitis Tak","Possible complications of folliculitis include: Recurrent or spreading infection Boils under the skin (furunculosis) Permanent skin damage, such as scarring or dark spots Destruction of hair follicles and permanent hair loss PreventionYou can try to preve",179,"2018-02-01 20:36:26",Folliculitis,"Your doctor is likely to diagnose folliculitis by looking at your skin and reviewing your medical history. He or she may use a technique for microscopic examination of the skin (dermoscopy). If initial treatments don't clear up your infection, your doctor","Treatments for folliculitis depend on the type and severity of your condition, what self-care measures you've already tried and your preferences. Options include medications and interventions such as laser hair removal. Even if treatment helps, the infect",,"Mild cases of folliculitis often improve with home care. The following approaches may help relieve discomfort, speed healing and prevent an infection from spreading: Apply a warm, moist washcloth or compress. Do this several times a day to relieve discomf","You're likely to start by seeing your primary care doctor. He or she may refer you to a doctor who specializes in skin disorders (dermatologist). To get the most from your appointment, it's a good idea to be well-prepared. Here's some information to help "
180,235,"2018-02-01 05:02:38","Barrett's esophagus","Barrett's esophagusBarrett's esophagusIn Barrett's esophagus, normal esophageal cells are replaced with abnormal cells. Barrett's esophagus is thought to be caused by long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which causes stomach contents to b","The tissue changes that characterize Barrett's esophagus cause no symptoms. The signs and symptoms that you experience are generally due to GERD and may include: Frequent heartburn Difficulty swallowing food Less commonly, chest pain Many people with Barr","If you've had trouble with heartburn and acid reflux for more than five years, ask your doctor about your risk of Barrett's esophagus. Seek immediate help if you: Have chest pain, which may be a symptom of a heart attack Have difficulty swallowing Are vom","The exact cause of Barrett's esophagus isn't known. Most people with Barrett's esophagus have long-standing GERD. In GERD, stomach contents wash back into the esophagus, damaging esophagus tissue. As the esophagus tries to heal itself, the cells can chang","Factors that increase your risk of Barrett's esophagus include: Chronic heartburn and acid reflux. Having GERD that doesn't get better when taking medications known as proton pump inhibitors or having GERD that requires regular medication can increase the","Esophageal cancerEsophageal cancerEsophageal cancer occurs in the cells that line the inside of the esophagus. People with Barrett's esophagus have an increased risk of esophageal cancer. The risk is small, even in people who have precancerous changes in ",180,"2018-02-01 20:36:28","Barrett's esophagus","Endoscopy is generally used to determine if you have Barrett's esophagus. A lighted tube with a camera at the end (endoscope) is passed down your throat to check for signs of changing esophagus tissue. Normal esophagus tissue appears pale and glossy. In B","Treatment for Barrett's esophagus depends on the extent of abnormal cell growth in your esophagus and your overall health. No dysplasiaYour doctor will likely recommend: Periodic endoscopy to monitor the cells in your esophagus. If your biopsies show no d","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Lifestyle changes can ease symptoms of GERD, which may underlie Barrett's esophagus. Consider: Maintaining a healthy weight. Eliminating foods and drinks that trigger your heartburn, such as chocolate, coffee, alcohol and mint. Stopping smoking. Raising t","Barrett's esophagus is most often diagnosed in people with GERD who are being examined for GERD complications. If your doctor discovers Barrett's esophagus on an endoscopy exam, you may be referred to a doctor who treats digestive diseases (gastroenterolo"
181,237,"2018-02-01 05:02:40","Basal cell carcinoma","Basal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that most often develops on areas of skin exposed to the sun. This photograph shows a basal cell carcinoma that affects the skin on the lower eyelid. Basal cell carcinom",,,"Where skin cancer developsWhere skin cancer developsSkin cancer begins in the cells that make up the outer layer (epidermis) of your skin. One type of skin cancer called basal cell carcinoma begins in the basal cells, which make skin cells that continuous","Factors that increase your risk of basal cell carcinoma include: Chronic sun exposure. A lot of time spent in the sun — or in commercial tanning booths — increases the risk of basal cell carcinoma. The threat is greater if you live in a sunny or high-alti","Complications of basal cell carcinoma can include: A risk of recurrence. Basal cell carcinomas commonly recur. Even after successful treatment, a lesion may reappear, often in the same place. An increased risk of other types of skin cancer. A history of b",181,"2018-02-01 20:36:32","Basal cell carcinoma","In order to assess any growths or changes in your skin, your doctor or a specialist in skin conditions (dermatologist) will conduct a medical history and exam. History and general examYour doctor will conduct a general physical exam and ask you questions ","A number of treatments are available for basal cell carcinoma. What treatment is best for you depends on the type, location and size of your cancer, as well as your preferences and ability to do follow-up visits. Treatment selection can also depend on whe","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"The following information can help you prepare for an appointment. What you can do Write down your medical history, including other conditions for which you've been treated. Be sure to include any radiation therapy you may have received, even years ago. N"
182,239,"2018-02-01 05:02:42","Body dysmorphic disorder","Body dysmorphic disorder is a mental disorder in which you can't stop thinking about one or more perceived defects or flaws in your appearance — a flaw that, to others, is either minor or not observable. But you may feel so ashamed and anxious that you ma",,,"It's not known specifically what causes body dysmorphic disorder. Like many other mental illnesses, body dysmorphic disorder may result from a combination of causes, such as: Brain differences. Abnormalities in brain structure or neurochemistry may play a","Certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing or triggering body dysmorphic disorder, including: Having blood relatives with body dysmorphic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder Negative life experiences, such as childhood teasing and traum","Complications that may be caused by or associated with body dysmorphic disorder include, for example: Major depression or other mood disorders Suicidal thoughts or behavior Anxiety disorders Health problems from behaviors such as skin picking Obsessive-co",182,"2018-02-01 20:36:33","Body dysmorphic disorder","After a medical evaluation to help rule out other medical conditions, your health care provider may make a referral to a mental health professional for further evaluation. Diagnosis of body dysmorphic disorder is typically based on: A psychological evalua","Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder often includes a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medications. Cognitive behavioral therapyCognitive behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder focuses on: Helping you learn how negative thoughts,",,"Body dysmorphic disorder warrants treatment from a mental health professional. But you can do some things to build on your treatment plan, such as: Stick to your treatment plan. Don't skip therapy sessions, even if you don't feel like going. Even if you'r","Although you may start out talking with your primary care provider about your concerns, you'll likely be referred to a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, for evaluation and treatment. What you can doBefore your appointment"
183,240,"2018-02-01 05:02:45",Bedbugs,"BedbugBedbugBedbugs are reddish brown, oval and flat, and about the size of an apple seed. During the day, they hide in the cracks and crevices of beds, box springs, headboards and bed frames. Bedbugs are small, reddish-brown parasitic insects that bite t","Bedbug bitesBedbug bitesIt can be difficult to tell bedbug bites from other types of insect bites. However, they are typically itchy, and they may appear clustered or lined up in rough rows. It can be difficult to distinguish bedbug bites from other insec","If you experience allergic reactions or severe skin reactions to bedbug bites, see your doctor for professional treatment.","Bedbug infestations may be linked to: Increased international travel Changes in pest control practices Insecticide resistance Where do they hide?Bedbug infestations usually occur around or near where people sleep. They hide in the cracks and crevices of: ","Bedbugs are more common in crowded lodgings that experience high turnover in occupancy, such as: Apartment complexes Dorm rooms Homeless shelters Hotels Cruise ships Trains and buses Refugee camps",,183,"2018-02-01 20:36:35",Bedbugs,"If you suspect that you're being bitten by bedbugs, immediately inspect your home for the insects. Thoroughly examine crevices in walls, mattresses and furniture. You may need to perform your inspection at night when bedbugs are active. Look for these sig",,,,"Most bedbug bites require no medical treatment. Talk to your doctor if you experience an allergic reaction to the bites or if you develop a skin infection after scratching the bites. What you can doYou may want to prepare a list that includes: A detailed "
184,241,"2018-02-01 05:02:47","Bedsores (pressure ulcers)","BedsoreBedsoreBedsores are areas of damaged skin and tissue caused by sustained pressure — often from a bed or wheelchair — that reduces blood circulation to vulnerable areas of the body. Bedsores — also called pressure ulcers and decubitus ulcers — are i","Warning signs of pressure ulcers are: Unusual changes in skin color or texture Swelling Pus-like draining An area of skin that feels cooler or warmer to the touch than other areas Tender areas Bedsores fall into one of several stages based on their depth,","If you notice warning signs of a bedsore, change your position to relieve the pressure on the area. If you don't see improvement in 24 to 48 hours, contact your doctor. Seek immediate medical care if you show signs of infection, such as a fever, drainage ","Bedsores are caused by pressure against the skin that limits blood flow to the skin. Other factors related to limited mobility can make the skin vulnerable to damage and contribute to the development of pressure sores. Three primary contributing factors f","People are at risk of developing pressure sores if they have difficulty moving and are unable to easily change position while seated or in bed. Risk factors include: Immobility. This might be due to poor health, spinal cord injury and other causes. Lack o","Complications of pressure ulcers, some life-threatening, include: Cellulitis. Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and connected soft tissues. It can cause warmth, redness and swelling of the affected area. People with nerve damage often do not feel pai",184,"2018-02-01 20:36:36","Bedsores (pressure ulcers)","Your doctor will look closely at your skin to determine whether you have a pressure ulcer and how bad the damage is. He or she will try to assign a stage to the wound. Staging helps determine what treatment is best for you. He or she might also order a bl","Treating pressure ulcers involves reducing pressure on the affected skin, caring for the wounds, controlling pain, preventing infection and maintaining good nutrition. Treatment teamAddressing the many aspects of wound care usually requires a multidiscipl","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,
185,242,"2018-02-01 05:02:48",Bed-wetting,"Bed-wetting — also called nighttime incontinence or nocturnal enuresis — is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which staying dry at night can be reasonably expected. Soggy sheets and pajamas — and an embarrassed child — are a familiar sce","Most kids are fully toilet trained by age 5, but there's really no target date for developing complete bladder control. Between the ages of 5 and 7, bed-wetting remains a problem for some children. After 7 years of age, a small number of children still we","Most children outgrow bed-wetting on their own — but some need a little help. In other cases, bed-wetting may be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention. Consult your child's doctor if: Your child still wets the bed after age 7 Your","No one knows for sure what causes bed-wetting, but various factors may play a role: A small bladder. Your child's bladder may not be developed enough to hold urine produced during the night. Inability to recognize a full bladder. If the nerves that contro","Bed-wetting can affect anyone, but it's twice as common in boys as in girls. Several factors have been associated with an increased risk of bed-wetting, including: Stress and anxiety. Stressful events — such as becoming a big brother or sister, starting a","Although frustrating, bed-wetting without a physical cause doesn't pose any health risks. However, bed-wetting can create some issues for your child, including: Guilt and embarrassment, which can lead to low self-esteem Loss of opportunities for social ac",185,"2018-02-01 20:36:38",Bed-wetting,"Depending on the circumstances, your doctor may recommend the following to identify any underlying cause of bed-wetting and help determine treatment: Physical exam Discussion of symptoms, fluid intake, family history, bowel and bladder habits, and problem","Most children outgrow bed-wetting on their own. If treatment is needed, it can be based on a discussion of options with your doctor and identifying what will work best for your situation. If your child isn't especially bothered or embarrassed by an occasi",,"Here are changes you can make at home that may help: Limit fluids in the evening. It's important to get enough fluids, so there's no need to limit how much your child drinks in a day. However, encourage drinking liquids in the morning and early afternoon,","You're likely to start by seeing your child's pediatrician. However, he or she may refer you to a doctor who specializes in urinary disorders (pediatric urologist or pediatric nephrologist). Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointme"
186,243,"2018-02-01 05:02:50","Bee sting","Bee stings are a common outdoor nuisance. In most cases, bee stings are just annoying, and home treatment is all that's necessary to ease the pain of bee stings. But if you're allergic to bee stings or you get stung numerous times, you may have a more-ser",,,"To sting, a bee jabs a barbed stinger into the skin. Bee sting venom contains proteins that affect skin cells and the immune system, causing pain and swelling around the sting area. In people with a bee sting allergy, bee venom can trigger a more-serious ","You're at increased risk of bee stings if: You live in an area where bees are especially active or with beehives nearby Your work or hobbies require spending time outside",,186,"2018-02-01 20:36:40","Bee sting","If you've had a reaction to bee stings that suggests you might be allergic to bee venom, your doctor may suggest one or both of the following tests: Skin test. During skin testing, a small amount of allergen extract (in this case, bee venom) is injected i","Removing a bee's stingerRemoving a bee's stingerBe careful not to squeeze the attached venom sac when removing a stinger. For ordinary bee stings that do not cause an allergic reaction, home treatment is enough. Multiple stings or an allergic reaction, on",,"If a bee stings you or your child, follow the suggestions below. Treatment for minor reactions Remove the stinger as soon as you can, as it takes only seconds for all of the venom to enter your body. Get the stinger out any way you can, such as with your ","Bee and other insect stings are a common cause of anaphylaxis. If you've had a serious reaction to a bee sting but did not seek emergency treatment, consult your doctor. He or she may refer you to an allergy specialist (allergist) who can determine whethe"
187,244,"2018-02-01 05:02:51","Behcet's disease","Behcet's (beh-CHETS) disease, also called Behcet's syndrome, is a rare disorder that causes blood vessel inflammation throughout your body. The disease can lead to numerous signs and symptoms that may seem unrelated at first. They may include mouth sores,",,,"No one knows exactly what causes Behcet's disease. But it may be an autoimmune disorder, which means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks some of its own healthy cells. It's likely that genetic and environmental factors also play a role. Several ge","Factors that may increase your risk of Behcet's include: Age. Behcet's disease commonly affects men and women in their 20s and 30s, though children and older adults also can develop the condition. Where you live. People from countries in the Middle East a","Complications of Behcet's disease depend on your signs and symptoms. For instance, untreated uveitis can lead to decreased vision or even blindness. People with eye signs and symptoms of Behcet's disease need to visit an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) regul",187,"2018-02-01 20:36:44","Behcet's disease","No tests can determine definitively whether or not you have Behcet's disease. Instead, your doctor relies primarily on your signs and symptoms to diagnose Behcet's disease. He or she may conduct blood tests or other laboratory tests to rule out other cond","No cure exists for Behcet's disease. If you have a mild form of the condition, your doctor may offer medications to control temporary flares in pain and inflammation. You may not need to take medication between flares. If your signs and symptoms are more ",,,"You're likely to start by seeing your primary care doctor if you have signs and symptoms of Behcet's disease. He or she may refer you to a doctor who treats arthritis and other rheumatic illnesses (rheumatologist) to confirm a diagnosis of Behcet's diseas"
188,245,"2018-02-01 05:02:53","Bell's palsy","Bell's palsy causes sudden weakness in your facial muscles. This makes half of your face appear to droop. Your smile is one-sided, and your eye on that side resists closing. Bell's palsy, also known as facial palsy, can occur at any age. The exact cause i","Facial paralysisFacial paralysisFacial weakness or paralysis may cause one corner of your mouth to droop, and you may have trouble retaining saliva on that side of your mouth. The condition may also make it difficult to close the eye on the affected side ","Seek immediate medical help if you experience any type of paralysis because you may be having a stroke. Bell's palsy is not caused by a stroke. See your doctor if you experience facial weakness or drooping to determine the underlying cause and severity of","Facial nerveFacial nerveThe nerve that controls your facial muscles passes through a narrow corridor of bone on its way to your face. Although the exact reason Bell's palsy occurs isn't clear, it's often linked to exposure to a viral infection. Viruses th","Bell's palsy occurs more often in people who: Are pregnant, especially during the third trimester, or who are in the first week after giving birth Have an upper respiratory infection, such as the flu or a cold Have diabetes","A mild case of Bell's palsy normally disappears within a month, but recovery from a more severe case involving total paralysis varies. Complications may include: Irreversible damage to your facial nerve Misdirected regrowth of nerve fibers, resulting in i",188,"2018-02-01 20:36:46","Bell's palsy","There's no specific test for Bell's palsy. Your doctor will look at your face and ask you to move your facial muscles by closing your eyes, lifting your brow, showing your teeth and frowning, among other movements. Other conditions — such as a stroke, inf","Most people with Bell's palsy recover fully — with or without treatment. There's no one-size-fits-all treatment for Bell's palsy, but your doctor may suggest medications or physical therapy to help speed your recovery. Surgery is rarely an option for Bell",,"Home treatment may include: Protecting the eye you can't close. Using lubricating eyedrops during the day and an eye ointment at night will help keep your eye moist. Wearing glasses or goggles during the day and an eye patch at night can protect your eye ","You'll likely start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. However, in some cases when you call to set up an appointment, you may be referred immediately to a neurologist. It's good to prepare for your appointment. Here's some information"
189,247,"2018-02-01 05:02:54","Geographic tongue","Geographic tongueGeographic tongueGeographic tongue results from the loss of tiny hairlike projections (papillae) on your tongue's surface. This papillae loss appears as smooth, red patches of varying shapes and sizes. Geographic tongue is an inflammatory",,,"The cause of geographic tongue is unknown, and there's no way to prevent the condition. There may be a link between geographic tongue and psoriasis and between geographic tongue and lichen planus. But more research is needed to better understand possible ","Studies of factors that may be associated with an increased risk of geographic tongue have produced mixed results. Factors that are likely associated with an increased risk include: Family history. Some people with geographic tongue have a family history ","Geographic tongue is a benign condition. It doesn't pose a threat to your health, cause long-term complications or increase your risk of major health problems. However, anxiety about the condition is fairly common because: The appearance of the tongue may",189,"2018-02-01 20:36:49","Geographic tongue","Your physician or dentist can usually make a diagnosis of geographic tongue based on an examination of your tongue and your signs and symptoms. During the exam, your physician or dentist may: Use a lighted instrument to check your tongue and mouth Ask you","Geographic tongue typically doesn't require any medical treatment. Although geographic tongue can sometimes cause tongue discomfort, it's otherwise a harmless condition. To manage discomfort or sensitivity, your doctor may recommend medications such as: O",,"You may reduce discomfort associated with geographic tongue by avoiding or limiting substances that commonly aggravate sensitive oral tissues, such as spicy or acidic foods or beverages, as well as alcohol and tobacco.","If you're concerned about the appearance of your tongue, make an appointment with your dentist. What you can doPrepare questions ahead of time to make the most of your appointment. Basic questions to ask include: What's the likely cause of my condition? C"
190,248,"2018-02-01 05:02:56","Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)","Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common causes of vertigo — the sudden sensation that you're spinning or that the inside of your head is spinning. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo causes brief episodes of mild to intense ","The signs and symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may include: Dizziness A sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving (vertigo) A loss of balance or unsteadiness Nausea Vomiting The signs and symptoms of BPPV can come a","Generally, see your doctor if you experience any unexplained dizziness or vertigo that recurs periodically for more than one week. Seek emergency care Although it's uncommon for dizziness to signal a serious illness, see your doctor immediately if you exp","Inner ear and balanceInner ear and balanceSemicircular canals and otolith organs — the utricle and saccule — in your inner ear contain fluid and fine, hairlike sensors that help you keep your eyes focused on a target when your head is in motion and assist","Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo occurs most often in people age 50 and older, but can occur at any age. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is also more common in women than in men. A head injury or any other disorder of the balance organs of your e","Although benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is uncomfortable, it rarely causes complications. The dizziness of BPPV can make you unsteady, which may put you at greater risk of falling.",190,"2018-02-01 20:36:52","Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)","Your doctor may do a series of tests to determine the cause of your dizziness. During a physical examination, your doctor will likely look for: Signs and symptoms of dizziness that are prompted by eye or head movements and then decrease in less than one m","The inner ear and canalith repositioningThe inner ear and canalith repositioningVertigo usually results from a problem with the nerves and structures of the balance mechanism in your inner ear (vestibular labyrinth). BPPV occurs when particles called otoc",,"If you experience dizziness associated with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), consider these tips: Be aware of the possibility of losing your balance, which can lead to falling and serious injury. Sit down immediately when you feel dizzy. Use g","Make an appointment with your doctor if you have symptoms common to BPPV. After an initial examination, your doctor may refer you to an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist or a doctor who specializes in the brain and nervous system (neurologist). Here's"
191,251,"2018-02-01 05:02:59","Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)","Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — also called prostate gland enlargement — is a common condition as men get older. An enlarged prostate gland can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms, such as blocking the flow of urine out of the bladder. It can also c","The severity of symptoms in people who have prostate gland enlargement varies, but symptoms tend to gradually worsen over time. Common signs and symptoms of BPH include: Frequent or urgent need to urinate Increased frequency of urination at night (nocturi","If you're having urinary problems, discuss them with your doctor. Even if you don't find urinary symptoms bothersome, it's important to identify or rule out any underlying causes. Untreated, urinary problems might lead to obstruction of the urinary tract.","Comparing normal and enlarged prostate glandsComparing normal and enlarged prostate glandsAt normal size, the prostate gland is about the size and shape of a walnut or golf ball. When enlarged, the prostate may obstruct urine flow from the bladder and out","Risk factors for prostate gland enlargement include: Aging. Prostate gland enlargement rarely causes signs and symptoms in men younger than age 40. About one-third of men experience moderate to severe symptoms by age 60, and about half do so by age 80. Fa","Complications of an enlarged prostate can include: Sudden inability to urinate (urinary retention). You might need to have a tube (catheter) inserted into your bladder to drain the urine. Some men with an enlarged prostate need surgery to relieve urinary ",191,"2018-02-01 20:36:56","Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)","Your doctor will start by asking detailed questions about your symptoms and doing a physical exam. This initial exam is likely to include: Digital rectal exam. The doctor inserts a finger into the rectum to check your prostate for enlargement. Urine test.","A wide variety of treatments are available for enlarged prostate, including medication, minimally invasive therapies and surgery. The best treatment choice for you depends on several factors, including: The size of your prostate Your age Your overall heal","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","To help control the symptoms of an enlarged prostate, try to: Limit beverages in the evening. Don't drink anything for an hour or two before bedtime to avoid middle-of-the-night trips to the toilet. Limit caffeine and alcohol. They can increase urine prod","You might be referred directly to a doctor who specializes in urinary issues (urologist). What you can do Make a list of your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment. Keep track of how often an"
192,253,"2018-02-01 05:03:02","IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)","IgA nephropathy (nuh-FROP-uh-thee), also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when an antibody called immunoglobulin A (IgA) lodges in your kidneys. This results in local inflammation that, over time, may hamper your kidneys' ability",,,"Kidney cross sectionKidney cross sectionYour blood flows through your kidneys, which are the key organs in the complex system that removes excess fluid and waste material from the blood. Blood that flows into your kidneys is diffused through filtering str","Although the exact cause of IgA nephropathy is unknown, these factors may increase your risk of developing this condition: Sex. In North America and western Europe, IgA nephropathy affects at least twice as many men as it does women. Ethnicity. IgA nephro","The course of IgA nephropathy varies from person to person. Some people have the disease for years with few problems. In fact, many cases may go undiagnosed. Other people develop one or more of the following complications: High blood pressure. Damage to y",192,"2018-02-01 20:36:59","IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)","IgA nephropathy is often detected after you notice blood in your urine or when a routine test shows you have protein or blood in your urine. These could be signs of several types of kidney disease. To identify your problem, these tests may be performed: U","There's no cure for IgA nephropathy and no definitive way of knowing what course the disease will take. Some people experience complete remission and others live normal lives with low-grade blood or protein in their urine (hematuria or proteinuria). Treat","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","To help keep your kidneys healthier: Take steps to reduce your blood pressure. Keeping your blood pressure levels near normal may help slow kidney damage from IgA nephropathy. Your doctor may recommend healthy changes in your diet — including limiting you","If you have signs and symptoms of IgA nephropathy, you're likely to start by seeing your primary care doctor. However, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in treating kidney disorders (nephrologist). What you can doTo get ready for your appoin"
193,255,"2018-02-01 05:03:07","Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)","Gallbladder and bile ductGallbladder and bile ductGallbladder and bile ductThe gallbladder serves as a reservoir for bile, a yellow-green fluid produced in your liver. Bile flows from your liver into your gallbladder, where it's held until needed during t",,,"Cholangiocarcinoma occurs when cells in the bile ducts develop changes (mutations) in their DNA — the material that provides instructions for every chemical process in your body. DNA mutations cause changes in the instructions. One result is that cells ma","Factors that may increase your risk of cholangiocarcinoma include: Primary sclerosing cholangitis. This disease causes hardening and scarring of the bile ducts. Chronic liver disease. Scarring of the liver caused by a history of chronic liver disease incr",,193,"2018-02-01 20:37:01","Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)","Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) uses a dye to highlight the bile ducts on X-ray images. A thin, flexible tube (endoscope) with ","Bile duct cancer consultation The results of your imaging tests will help guide your treatment. Treatments for cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) may include: Surgery. When possible, doctors try to remove as much of the cancer as they can. For very sma","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"Start by making an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you. He or she may recommend tests and procedures to investigate your signs and symptoms. If you doctor determines that you have cholangiocarcinoma, he or she may"
194,256,"2018-02-01 05:03:09","Bile reflux","Bile reflux occurs when bile — a digestive liquid produced in your liver — backs up (refluxes) into your stomach and the tube that connects your mouth and stomach (esophagus). Bile reflux may accompany acid reflux, the medical term for the backwash of sto","Bile reflux can be difficult to distinguish from acid reflux. The signs and symptoms are similar, and the two conditions may occur at the same time. It isn't clear what role bile plays in reflux conditions. Bile reflux signs and symptoms include: Upper ab","Make an appointment with your doctor if you frequently experience symptoms of reflux, or if you're losing weight without trying. If you've been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) but aren't getting adequate relief from your medications,","Stomach and pyloric valveStomach and pyloric valveYour stomach is a muscular sac about the size of a small melon that expands when you eat or drink to hold as much as a gallon of food or liquid. Once your stomach pulverizes the food, strong muscular contr",,"Sticky mucus coats and protects the lining of your stomach from the corrosive effects of stomach acid. The esophagus lacks this protection, so acid and bile reflux can seriously damage esophageal tissue. The combination of bile and acid reflux increases t",194,"2018-02-01 20:37:05","Bile reflux","A description of your symptoms is often enough for your doctor to diagnose a reflux problem. But distinguishing between acid reflux and bile reflux is difficult and requires further testing. You're also likely to have tests to check for damage to your eso","Lifestyle adjustments and medications can be very effective for acid reflux, but bile reflux is harder to treat. There is little evidence assessing the effectiveness of bile reflux treatments, in part because of the difficulty of establishing bile reflux ",,"Unlike acid reflux, bile reflux seems unrelated to lifestyle factors. But because many people experience both acid reflux and bile reflux, your symptoms may be eased by lifestyle changes: Stop smoking. Smoking increases the production of stomach acid and ","Make an appointment with your doctor if you have signs or symptoms common to bile reflux. After your doctor's initial evaluation, you may be referred to a specialist in digestive disorders (gastroenterologist). Here's some information to help you prepare "
195,258,"2018-02-01 05:03:12","Binge-eating disorder","Binge-eating disorder is a serious eating disorder in which you frequently consume unusually large amounts of food and feel unable to stop eating. Almost everyone overeats on occasion, such as having seconds or thirds of a holiday meal. But for some peopl",,,"The causes of binge-eating disorder are unknown. But genetics, biological factors, long-term dieting and psychological issues increase your risk.","Factors that can increase your risk of developing binge-eating disorder include: Family history. You're much more likely to have an eating disorder if your parents or siblings have (or had) an eating disorder. This may indicate that inherited genes increa","You may develop psychological and physical problems related to binge eating. Complications that may be caused by binge-eating disorder include: Feeling bad about yourself or your life Poor quality of life Problems functioning at work, with your personal l",195,"2018-02-01 20:37:08","Binge-eating disorder","To diagnose binge-eating disorder, your doctor may recommend a psychological evaluation, including discussion of your eating habits. Your doctor also may want you to have other tests to check for health consequences of binge-eating disorder, such as high ","The goals for treatment of binge-eating disorder are to reduce eating binges, and, when necessary, to lose weight. Because binge eating is so entwined with shame, poor self-image and other negative emotions, treatment also may address these and other psyc",,"Typically, treating binge-eating disorder on your own isn't effective. But in addition to professional help, you can take these self-care steps to reinforce your treatment plan: Stick to your treatment. Don't skip therapy sessions. If you have a meal plan","Treatment of binge-eating disorder may require a team approach that includes medical providers, mental health providers and dietitians with experience in eating disorders. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointments, and what to ex"
196,259,"2018-02-01 05:03:15","Bipolar disorder","Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose inte","There are several types of bipolar and related disorders. They may include mania or hypomania and depression. Symptoms can cause unpredictable changes in mood and behavior, resulting in significant distress and difficulty in life. Bipolar I disorder. You'","Despite the mood extremes, people with bipolar disorder often don't recognize how much their emotional instability disrupts their lives and the lives of their loved ones and don't get the treatment they need. And if you're like some people with bipolar di","The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but several factors may be involved, such as: Biological differences. People with bipolar disorder appear to have physical changes in their brains. The significance of these changes is still uncertain but ma","Factors that may increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder or act as a trigger for the first episode include: Having a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, with bipolar disorder Periods of high stress, such as the death of a loved on","Left untreated, bipolar disorder can result in serious problems that affect every area of your life, such as: Problems related to drug and alcohol use Suicide or suicide attempts Legal or financial problems Damaged relationships Poor work or school perfor",196,"2018-02-01 20:37:11","Bipolar disorder","To determine if you have bipolar disorder, your evaluation may include: Physical exam. Your doctor may do a physical exam and lab tests to identify any medical problems that could be causing your symptoms. Psychiatric assessment. Your doctor may refer you","Treatment is best guided by a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions (psychiatrist) who is skilled in treating bipolar and related disorders. You may have a treatment team that also includes a psychologist, soci","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","You'll probably need to make lifestyle changes to stop cycles of behavior that worsen your bipolar disorder. Here are some steps to take: Quit drinking or using recreational drugs. One of the biggest concerns with bipolar disorder is the negative conseque","You may start by seeing your primary care doctor or a psychiatrist. You may want to take a family member or friend along to your appointment, if possible, for support and to help remember information. What you can doBefore your appointment, make a list of"
197,261,"2018-02-01 05:03:17","Black hairy tongue","Black hairy tongueBlack hairy tongueBlack hairy tongue is caused by an overgrowth of dead skin cells, causing lengthening of the papillae, and staining from bacteria, yeast, food, tobacco or other substances in the mouth. Black hairy tongue is a temporary",,,"Black hairy tongue typically results when projections on the tongue called papillae grow longer because they don't shed dead skin cells like normal. This makes the tongue look hairy. Debris, bacteria or other organisms can collect on the papillae and resu",,,197,"2018-02-01 20:37:13","Black hairy tongue","Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on appearance and possible causes or contributing factors. It also includes eliminating other conditions that may cause a similar appearance to the tongue, such as: Normal variations in tongue color (pigment) Foods","Black hairy tongue typically doesn't require medical treatment. Though unattractive, it's a temporary, harmless condition. Practicing good oral hygiene and eliminating factors that may contribute to the condition — such as avoiding tobacco use or irritati",,"To practice good oral health and to remove the tongue discoloration: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth to remove dead cells, bacteria and food debris. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue sc","Here's information to help you get ready for your appointment, and to know what to expect from your doctor or dentist. What you can doBefore your appointment, make a list of: Any symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to the r"
198,263,"2018-02-01 05:03:20","Bladder stones","Bladder stones are hard masses of minerals in your bladder. Bladder stones develop when the minerals in concentrated urine crystallize. This often happens when you can't completely empty your bladder. Signs and symptoms can vary from severe abdominal pain",,,"Bladder stones usually develop when your bladder doesn't empty completely, and the urine forms crystals. Some infections can lead to bladder stones, and sometimes an underlying condition that affects the bladder's ability to hold, store or eliminate urine","Bladder stones are common in children in developing countries — often because of dehydration, infection, abnormalities in the urinary tract and a low-protein diet. In other parts of the world, bladder stones occur primarily in adults. Conditions that rais","Bladder stones that aren't expelled — even those that don't cause symptoms — can lead to complications, such as: Chronic bladder dysfunction. Untreated bladder stones can cause long-term urinary problems, such as pain or frequent urination. Bladder stones",198,"2018-02-01 20:37:14","Bladder stones","Diagnosing bladder stones may involve: A physical exam. Your doctor will likely feel your lower abdomen to see if your bladder is enlarged (distended) or may perform a rectal exam to determine whether your prostate is enlarged. You'll also discuss any uri","Bladder stones generally need to be removed. Your doctor may recommend drinking a lot of water each day to help a small stone pass naturally. However, because bladder stones are often caused by the inability to empty the bladder completely, this may not b",,,"If you have signs and symptoms of bladder stones, you're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. However, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in treating disorders of the urinary tract (urologist). What you can "
199,264,"2018-02-01 05:03:21","Bladder cancer","Female urinary systemFemale urinary systemYour urinary system — which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — is responsible for removing waste from your body through urine. Your kidneys, located toward the back in your upper abdomen, produce",,,"Bladder cancerBladder cancerBladder cancer develops when cells in the bladder begin to grow abnormally, forming a tumor in the bladder. Bladder cancer develops when cells in the bladder begin to grow abnormally. Rather than grow and divide in an orderly w","Factors that may increase bladder cancer risk include: Smoking. Smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes may increase the risk of bladder cancer by causing harmful chemicals to accumulate in the urine. When you smoke, your body processes the chemicals in the s",,199,"2018-02-01 20:37:16","Bladder cancer","Diagnosing bladder cancer Female cystoscopyFemale cystoscopyDuring a cystoscopy exam, your doctor inserts a thin, flexible device called a cystoscope through the urethra into the bladder. Cystoscopy allows your doctor to view your lower urinary tract to l","Treatment options for bladder cancer depend on a number of factors, including the type of cancer, grade of the cancer and stage of the cancer, which are taken into consideration along with your overall health and your treatment preferences. Bladder cancer","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.",,"Start by seeing your family doctor or a primary doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you. Your doctor may suggest tests and procedures to investigate your signs and symptoms. If your doctor suspects you may have bladder cancer, you may be r"
200,265,"2018-02-01 05:03:24","Urinary incontinence","Urinary incontinence — the loss of bladder control — is a common and often embarrassing problem. The severity ranges from occasionally leaking urine when you cough or sneeze to having an urge to urinate that's so sudden and strong you don't get to a toile",,,"Female urinary systemFemale urinary systemYour urinary system — which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — is responsible for removing waste from your body through urine. Your kidneys, located toward the back in your upper abdomen, produce","Factors that increase your risk of developing urinary incontinence include: Gender. Women are more likely to have stress incontinence. Pregnancy, childbirth, menopause and normal female anatomy account for this difference. However, men with prostate gland","Complications of chronic urinary incontinence include: Skin problems. Rashes, skin infections and sores can develop from constantly wet skin. Urinary tract infections. Incontinence increases your risk of repeated urinary tract infections. Impacts on your ",200,"2018-02-01 20:37:18","Urinary incontinence","It's important to determine the type of urinary incontinence that you have, and your symptoms often tell your doctor which type you have. That information will guide treatment decisions. Your doctor is likely to start with a thorough history and physical ","Treatment for urinary incontinence depends on the type of incontinence, its severity and the underlying cause. A combination of treatments may be needed. If an underlying condition is causing your symptoms, your doctor will first treat that condition. You","Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.","Problems with urine leakage may require you to take extra care to prevent skin irritation: Use a washcloth to clean yourself Allow your skin to air-dry Avoid frequent washing and douching because these can overwhelm your body's natural defenses against bl","If you have urinary incontinence, you're likely to start by seeing your primary care doctor. You may be referred to a doctor who specializes in urinary tract disorders (urologist), or if you're a woman, a gynecologist with special training in female bladd"