category_1_x_medical_dictionary.id,category_1.id,category_1.ts,category_1.title,medical_dictionary.id,medical_dictionary.ts,medical_dictionary.title,medical_dictionary.content,medical_dictionary.posted_on,medical_dictionary.modified_on
1,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,1,"2018-04-21 03:12:28","14C-xylose breath test","The 14C-xylose breath test can be used to detect bacterial overgrowth syndrome. It is based on a similar principle to the hydrogen breath test. It involves the patient ingesting 14C-xylose. 14C-xylose is broken down by bacteria in the gut and labelled carbon dioxide (14CO2) is released in the breath. When excess bacteria is present in the digestive system, the person breathes out increased levels of 14CO2.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
2,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,2,"2018-04-21 03:12:43","25-OHD (25-hydroxyviatmin D; calcidiol; calcifediol)","25-OHD, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D, is the type of vitamin D that circulates in the blood. It is inactive, but can be converted to the active form of vitamin D which helps the body absorb calcium into bones. It is produced by the body converting vitamin D3 (also known as cholecalciferol, produced during sun exposure) and vitamin D2 (also known as ergocalciferol, obtained from dietary sources).It it also known as 25(OH)D, calcidiol, or calcifediol.","25 May, 2016","4 August, 2017"
3,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,3,"2018-04-21 03:12:54","26S proteasome","26S proteasome is concerned with breaking down damaged proteins in the cell.The action of 26S proteasome is blocked the drug Velcade .","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
4,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,4,"2018-04-21 03:13:06","5-alpha Reductase","5-alpha reductase is an enzyme which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
5,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,5,"2018-04-21 03:13:44","A direct ELISA","A direct ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), also known as a ‘sandwich’ ELISA is used for the detection of antigen in a sample.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
6,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,6,"2018-04-21 03:13:57",Abdomen,"The abdomen is the section of the body between the pelvis and the chest. It is typically referred to as the belly. It encloses the stomach and other gastrointestinal organs.","5 June, 2016","5 June, 2016"
7,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,7,"2018-04-21 03:14:05","Abdominal Distention","Abdominal distention is a condition commonly associated with over-eating. The abdomen becomes swollen and gaseous.For more information, see Abdominal Bloating.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
8,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,8,"2018-04-21 03:14:15","Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck)","Abdominoplasty, also known as a tummy tuck, is a cosmetic surgery procedure that involves the removal of excessive skin and fat from the abdominal area to give a more taut appearance. It often also alters abdominal muscles to create a smoother appearance with increased tone.For more information, see Plastic Surgery: An Introduction.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
9,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,9,"2018-04-21 03:14:28","Abducens nerve","The abducens nerves (also called cranial nerve VI) are a pair of nerves which regulate the sideways movement of the eyeballs.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
10,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,10,"2018-04-21 03:14:37",Abduction,"Abduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure away from the midline of the body. In the case of limbs, it is the midline of the limb.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
11,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,11,"2018-04-21 03:15:09","Abductor digiti minimi","Abductor digiti minimi is a muscle in the hand that abducts the little finger.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
12,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,12,"2018-04-21 03:15:24","Abductor muscle","Abductor muscles are any muscle that controls movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
13,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,13,"2018-04-21 03:15:46","Abductor pollicis brevis","Abductor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that abducts the thumb.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
14,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,14,"2018-04-21 03:15:50","Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (ABSD)","Abductor spasmodic dysphonia (ABSD) is a type of spasmodic dysphonia. It involves hyperabduction of the laryngeal muscles during speech production, which results in the opening of the vocal cords. ABSD is the less common form of spasmodic dysphonia. It is characterised by breathiness with aphonic whispered speech segments.For more information, see Spasmodic Dysphonia.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
15,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,15,"2018-04-21 03:16:03",Abelcet,"Abelcet is a drug for infusion into the vein. It contains amphotericin B as the active compound.Other inactive ingredients are:DimyristoylphosphatidylcholineDimyristoylphosphatidylglycerolSodium chlorideWater for injectionsAbelcet is a drug which is used to counter fungal infection, particularly fungal infections caused by Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus species.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
16,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,16,"2018-04-21 03:16:14","Abilify (Aripiprazole)","Abilify (Aripiprazole) is an antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
17,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,17,"2018-04-21 03:16:25","Abnormal pain interpretation","Abnormal pain interpretation is when the brain interprets pain signals carried by nerves incorrectly. The person will then experience pain when there is no longer an external contributor. An external contributor could be inflammation for example.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
18,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,18,"2018-04-21 03:16:41",Abortion,"Abortion refers to the termination of pregnancy, and can be either pharmacologically or surgically based. Abortions are usually carried out to avoid an unwanted or unplanned pregnancy, or a pregnancy that is dangerous to the mother.For more information, see Abortion.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
19,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,19,"2018-04-21 03:16:45","Abruptio placentae","Abruptio placentae refers to bleeding during pregnancy resulting from the premature detachment of the placenta from the wall of the womb.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
20,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,20,"2018-04-21 03:16:57",Abscess,"A collection of pus contained within a tissue cavity. Abscesses develop due to infections and reactions against foreign bodies. They are in fact a response of the body’s immune system as they try to wall off the infection from the rest of the body. Abscesses can occur at numerous sites in the body.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
21,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,21,"2018-04-21 03:17:01","Absence Seizure","An absence seizure is a type of generalized seizure (i.e. a seizure that affects both sides of the brain) that results in a temporary loss of perception of which the patient has no recollection.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
22,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,22,"2018-04-21 03:17:05",Absenteeism,"Absenteeism is where employees take time off their normal work duties due to physical or psychological illness, family responsibilities, bereavement or other commitments.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
23,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,23,"2018-04-21 03:17:18","Abstinence (sexual)","Abstinence, in sexual and reproductive health, refers to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention strategy in which the individual avoids sexual activity. To effectively prevent sexually transmitted infections, individuals must abstain from vaginal, oral and anal sex, and ensure their genitals do not come into contact with their partner’s.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
24,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,24,"2018-04-21 03:17:42",Acanthocythosis,"An acanthocyte is an abnormal red blood cell which under microscopy appears “spiky”. Acanthocythosis describes the condition whereby acantocytes are present in the bloodstream.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
25,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,25,"2018-04-21 03:17:58","Acanthosis nigricans","A condition associated with insulin resistance, characterized by darkening of the skin and a velvety texture to affected areas. This is another cause of benign melanocytic lesions.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
26,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,26,"2018-04-21 03:18:11",Accolate,"Accolate is a treatment of asthma","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
27,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,27,"2018-04-21 03:18:24",Accommodation,"Accommodation refers to the ability to adjust the strength of the eye lens by changing its shape, regulated by the ciliary muscle.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
28,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,28,"2018-04-21 03:18:31",Accupril,"Accupril is used in the treatment of hypertension and as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure.","1 January, 2012","13 March, 2014"
29,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,29,"2018-04-21 03:18:44",Accure,"Accure is the treatment of severe cystic acne.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
30,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,30,"2018-04-21 03:18:54","ACE Inhibitor (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor)","Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are medications commonly used for blood pressure control. They block the body’s conversion of a chemical, angiotensin I, into a substance which increases the body’s retention of salt and fluid. Salt and fluid retention increases blood pressure; therefore, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I is an effective means of blood pressure control.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
31,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,31,"2018-04-21 03:19:03",Acenorm,"Acenorm is used in the treatment of; – Hypertension. Captopril is effective as a singleragent or in combination with other antihypertensive agents such as thiazide-type diuretics. – Myocardial infarction. Captopril improves survival rates following myocardial infarction and reduces the incidence of heart failure in these patients. – Heart failure – Diabetic nephropathy in patients with type I diabetes mellitus.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
32,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,32,"2018-04-21 03:19:11",Acetaldehyde,"Acetaldehyde is the major metabolite formed when alcohol is broken down by the liver. Acetaldehyde is toxic to the human body.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
33,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,33,"2018-04-21 03:19:15",Acetylcholine,"Acetylcholine is a chemical compound that acts as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system. It is particularly important in the stimulation of muscle tissue.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
34,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,34,"2018-04-21 03:19:35",Achromycin,"Achromycin is used for the treatment of infections caused some Gram negative micro-organisms.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
35,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,35,"2018-04-21 03:19:40","Acid regurgitation","Acid regurgitation is a symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder. It refers to a condition in which acid produced in the stomach flows into the oesophagus, usually causing a burning sensation.For more information, see Heartburn and Reflux.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
36,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,36,"2018-04-21 03:20:00","Acoustic neuroma","Acoustic neuroma refers to a tumour of the vestibular cochlear nerve, which is the nerve which connects the ear to the brain. These are rare and slow growing tumours which may affect hearing and other senses and cause numbness and pain, including headaches. Treatments include surgery or radiosurgery to remove the tumour.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
37,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,37,"2018-04-21 03:20:10","Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)","Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal, incurable disease caused by HIV. AIDS is often described as the final and/or stage 4 of HIV infection.More information on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
38,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,38,"2018-04-21 03:20:19",Acromegaly,"Increased growth hormone level resulting in abnormal enlargement of face, hands and feet.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
39,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,39,"2018-04-21 03:20:37","Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)","The acromioclavicular joint (AC joint) is the site where the collarbone connects to and struts the shoulder blade out from the body, allowing the surrounding muscle to work at their most effective tensions and generate more power. The AC joint commonly wears out as we get older resulting in arthritis, which may or may not be painful.More information on the Shoulder Joint.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
40,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,40,"2018-04-21 03:20:48",Acromion,"The acromion projects upwards from the scapula and serves as a sight of origin of the strong and important deltoid muscle.More information on the Shoulder Joint.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
41,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,41,"2018-04-21 03:21:29","Acrosome (acrosomal cap)","The acrosome, also known as the acrosomal cap, is a helmet-like structure which covers the front section of the head portion of a sperm cell. It contains a compartment of enzymes which develops during spermatogenesis (sperm production). Enzymes contained in this compartment assist in the process of fertilisation. They are only released if the sperm comes into contact with a female egg at which point they breakdown the shell of the egg to enable entry of the sperm and subsequent fertilisation.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
42,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,42,"2018-04-21 03:21:45","Acrosome reaction","The acrosome reaction is an important reproductive function which assists a sperm to break through the shell of the egg and enter its nucleus for fertilisation. Each sperm cell has an acrosomal cap, which contains a capsule of enzymes that breakdown the shell of the egg in the process known as the acrosome reaction. This process only occurs if a sperm comes into close proximity with an egg.When the acrosome reaction occurs, the acrosomal cap lengthens into a tube (acrosomal tube) which fuses with the outer layer of the egg. It releases the enzymes which break down the oocyte’s zona pellucida (shell). Once the shell is broken down, the sperm is able to penetrate the shell and enter the nucleus of the oocyte, through the acrosome tube. The sperm and egg can then combine their chromosomes to complete the fertilisation process.","1 January, 2012","18 March, 2014"
43,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,43,"2018-04-21 03:21:55",ACTHoma,"An ACTHoma is a subtype of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) that results in the excessive production of adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH).","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
44,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,44,"2018-04-21 03:22:24","Actinic keratoses","Actinic keratoses are scaly, thick patches on the skin that occur due to excessive exposure to the sun. They are also called solar keratoses. They are precancerous and should be examined by a doctor.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
45,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,45,"2018-04-21 03:22:29","Action potential/Nerve impulse","Action potentials are spikes of electrical discharge, like voltage, that carry information through neurons.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
46,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,46,"2018-04-21 03:22:51","Action-induced Myoclonus","Action-induced myoclonus is a disabling myoclonus (brief and involuntary muscle contractions), often expressed multifocally and worsened by voluntary movement; especially fine, coordinated movements.For more information, see Myoclonus.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
47,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,47,"2018-04-21 03:23:12","Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)","A method for measuring the intrinsic and common pathways of coagulation, this test measures factors XII, XI, IX, and VIII and is sensitive to inhibitors such as heparin. Petechiae can result conditions which cause a prolonged aPPT.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
48,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,48,"2018-04-21 03:23:27","Active ingredient (medication)","The active ingredient in a drug is the chemical in the drug that affects physiological functioning. In other words, it is the ingredient that makes the drug work.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
49,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,49,"2018-04-21 03:23:45","Active involuntary euthanasia","Active involuntary euthanasia is a form of physician assisted death whereby medical intervention takes place, without the patient’s request, in order to end the patient’s life.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
50,1,"2018-04-18 04:34:44",Recent,50,"2018-04-21 03:23:49","Active listening","Active listening involves listening to the person whom speaking to and echoing, paraphrasing and acknowledging what is being said. Also non-verbal communication such as nodding and appropriate facial expressions are used. Active listening enables the speaker to feel that they are being listened to and supported. Active listening is an essential part of communication.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
51,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,5,"2018-04-21 03:13:44","A direct ELISA","A direct ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), also known as a ‘sandwich’ ELISA is used for the detection of antigen in a sample.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
52,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,6,"2018-04-21 03:13:57",Abdomen,"The abdomen is the section of the body between the pelvis and the chest. It is typically referred to as the belly. It encloses the stomach and other gastrointestinal organs.","5 June, 2016","5 June, 2016"
53,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,7,"2018-04-21 03:14:05","Abdominal Distention","Abdominal distention is a condition commonly associated with over-eating. The abdomen becomes swollen and gaseous.For more information, see Abdominal Bloating.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
54,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,8,"2018-04-21 03:14:15","Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck)","Abdominoplasty, also known as a tummy tuck, is a cosmetic surgery procedure that involves the removal of excessive skin and fat from the abdominal area to give a more taut appearance. It often also alters abdominal muscles to create a smoother appearance with increased tone.For more information, see Plastic Surgery: An Introduction.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
55,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,9,"2018-04-21 03:14:28","Abducens nerve","The abducens nerves (also called cranial nerve VI) are a pair of nerves which regulate the sideways movement of the eyeballs.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
56,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,10,"2018-04-21 03:14:37",Abduction,"Abduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure away from the midline of the body. In the case of limbs, it is the midline of the limb.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
57,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,11,"2018-04-21 03:15:09","Abductor digiti minimi","Abductor digiti minimi is a muscle in the hand that abducts the little finger.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
58,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,12,"2018-04-21 03:15:24","Abductor muscle","Abductor muscles are any muscle that controls movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
59,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,13,"2018-04-21 03:15:46","Abductor pollicis brevis","Abductor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that abducts the thumb.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
60,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,14,"2018-04-21 03:15:50","Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (ABSD)","Abductor spasmodic dysphonia (ABSD) is a type of spasmodic dysphonia. It involves hyperabduction of the laryngeal muscles during speech production, which results in the opening of the vocal cords. ABSD is the less common form of spasmodic dysphonia. It is characterised by breathiness with aphonic whispered speech segments.For more information, see Spasmodic Dysphonia.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
311,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,15,"2018-04-21 03:16:03",Abelcet,"Abelcet is a drug for infusion into the vein. It contains amphotericin B as the active compound.Other inactive ingredients are:DimyristoylphosphatidylcholineDimyristoylphosphatidylglycerolSodium chlorideWater for injectionsAbelcet is a drug which is used to counter fungal infection, particularly fungal infections caused by Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus species.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
312,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,16,"2018-04-21 03:16:14","Abilify (Aripiprazole)","Abilify (Aripiprazole) is an antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
313,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,17,"2018-04-21 03:16:25","Abnormal pain interpretation","Abnormal pain interpretation is when the brain interprets pain signals carried by nerves incorrectly. The person will then experience pain when there is no longer an external contributor. An external contributor could be inflammation for example.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
314,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,18,"2018-04-21 03:16:41",Abortion,"Abortion refers to the termination of pregnancy, and can be either pharmacologically or surgically based. Abortions are usually carried out to avoid an unwanted or unplanned pregnancy, or a pregnancy that is dangerous to the mother.For more information, see Abortion.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
315,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,19,"2018-04-21 03:16:45","Abruptio placentae","Abruptio placentae refers to bleeding during pregnancy resulting from the premature detachment of the placenta from the wall of the womb.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
316,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,20,"2018-04-21 03:16:57",Abscess,"A collection of pus contained within a tissue cavity. Abscesses develop due to infections and reactions against foreign bodies. They are in fact a response of the body’s immune system as they try to wall off the infection from the rest of the body. Abscesses can occur at numerous sites in the body.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
317,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,21,"2018-04-21 03:17:01","Absence Seizure","An absence seizure is a type of generalized seizure (i.e. a seizure that affects both sides of the brain) that results in a temporary loss of perception of which the patient has no recollection.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
318,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,22,"2018-04-21 03:17:05",Absenteeism,"Absenteeism is where employees take time off their normal work duties due to physical or psychological illness, family responsibilities, bereavement or other commitments.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
319,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,23,"2018-04-21 03:17:18","Abstinence (sexual)","Abstinence, in sexual and reproductive health, refers to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention strategy in which the individual avoids sexual activity. To effectively prevent sexually transmitted infections, individuals must abstain from vaginal, oral and anal sex, and ensure their genitals do not come into contact with their partner’s.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
320,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,24,"2018-04-21 03:17:42",Acanthocythosis,"An acanthocyte is an abnormal red blood cell which under microscopy appears “spiky”. Acanthocythosis describes the condition whereby acantocytes are present in the bloodstream.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
321,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,25,"2018-04-21 03:17:58","Acanthosis nigricans","A condition associated with insulin resistance, characterized by darkening of the skin and a velvety texture to affected areas. This is another cause of benign melanocytic lesions.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
322,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,26,"2018-04-21 03:18:11",Accolate,"Accolate is a treatment of asthma","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
323,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,27,"2018-04-21 03:18:24",Accommodation,"Accommodation refers to the ability to adjust the strength of the eye lens by changing its shape, regulated by the ciliary muscle.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
324,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,28,"2018-04-21 03:18:31",Accupril,"Accupril is used in the treatment of hypertension and as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure.","1 January, 2012","13 March, 2014"
325,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,29,"2018-04-21 03:18:44",Accure,"Accure is the treatment of severe cystic acne.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
326,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,30,"2018-04-21 03:18:54","ACE Inhibitor (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor)","Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are medications commonly used for blood pressure control. They block the body’s conversion of a chemical, angiotensin I, into a substance which increases the body’s retention of salt and fluid. Salt and fluid retention increases blood pressure; therefore, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I is an effective means of blood pressure control.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
327,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,31,"2018-04-21 03:19:03",Acenorm,"Acenorm is used in the treatment of; – Hypertension. Captopril is effective as a singleragent or in combination with other antihypertensive agents such as thiazide-type diuretics. – Myocardial infarction. Captopril improves survival rates following myocardial infarction and reduces the incidence of heart failure in these patients. – Heart failure – Diabetic nephropathy in patients with type I diabetes mellitus.","1 January, 2012","11 March, 2014"
328,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,32,"2018-04-21 03:19:11",Acetaldehyde,"Acetaldehyde is the major metabolite formed when alcohol is broken down by the liver. Acetaldehyde is toxic to the human body.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
329,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,33,"2018-04-21 03:19:15",Acetylcholine,"Acetylcholine is a chemical compound that acts as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system. It is particularly important in the stimulation of muscle tissue.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
330,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,34,"2018-04-21 03:19:35",Achromycin,"Achromycin is used for the treatment of infections caused some Gram negative micro-organisms.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
331,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,35,"2018-04-21 03:19:40","Acid regurgitation","Acid regurgitation is a symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder. It refers to a condition in which acid produced in the stomach flows into the oesophagus, usually causing a burning sensation.For more information, see Heartburn and Reflux.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
332,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,36,"2018-04-21 03:20:00","Acoustic neuroma","Acoustic neuroma refers to a tumour of the vestibular cochlear nerve, which is the nerve which connects the ear to the brain. These are rare and slow growing tumours which may affect hearing and other senses and cause numbness and pain, including headaches. Treatments include surgery or radiosurgery to remove the tumour.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
333,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,37,"2018-04-21 03:20:10","Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)","Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal, incurable disease caused by HIV. AIDS is often described as the final and/or stage 4 of HIV infection.More information on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
334,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,38,"2018-04-21 03:20:19",Acromegaly,"Increased growth hormone level resulting in abnormal enlargement of face, hands and feet.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
335,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,39,"2018-04-21 03:20:37","Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)","The acromioclavicular joint (AC joint) is the site where the collarbone connects to and struts the shoulder blade out from the body, allowing the surrounding muscle to work at their most effective tensions and generate more power. The AC joint commonly wears out as we get older resulting in arthritis, which may or may not be painful.More information on the Shoulder Joint.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
336,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,40,"2018-04-21 03:20:48",Acromion,"The acromion projects upwards from the scapula and serves as a sight of origin of the strong and important deltoid muscle.More information on the Shoulder Joint.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
337,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,41,"2018-04-21 03:21:29","Acrosome (acrosomal cap)","The acrosome, also known as the acrosomal cap, is a helmet-like structure which covers the front section of the head portion of a sperm cell. It contains a compartment of enzymes which develops during spermatogenesis (sperm production). Enzymes contained in this compartment assist in the process of fertilisation. They are only released if the sperm comes into contact with a female egg at which point they breakdown the shell of the egg to enable entry of the sperm and subsequent fertilisation.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
338,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,42,"2018-04-21 03:21:45","Acrosome reaction","The acrosome reaction is an important reproductive function which assists a sperm to break through the shell of the egg and enter its nucleus for fertilisation. Each sperm cell has an acrosomal cap, which contains a capsule of enzymes that breakdown the shell of the egg in the process known as the acrosome reaction. This process only occurs if a sperm comes into close proximity with an egg.When the acrosome reaction occurs, the acrosomal cap lengthens into a tube (acrosomal tube) which fuses with the outer layer of the egg. It releases the enzymes which break down the oocyte’s zona pellucida (shell). Once the shell is broken down, the sperm is able to penetrate the shell and enter the nucleus of the oocyte, through the acrosome tube. The sperm and egg can then combine their chromosomes to complete the fertilisation process.","1 January, 2012","18 March, 2014"
339,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,43,"2018-04-21 03:21:55",ACTHoma,"An ACTHoma is a subtype of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) that results in the excessive production of adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH).","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
340,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,44,"2018-04-21 03:22:24","Actinic keratoses","Actinic keratoses are scaly, thick patches on the skin that occur due to excessive exposure to the sun. They are also called solar keratoses. They are precancerous and should be examined by a doctor.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
341,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,45,"2018-04-21 03:22:29","Action potential/Nerve impulse","Action potentials are spikes of electrical discharge, like voltage, that carry information through neurons.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
342,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,46,"2018-04-21 03:22:51","Action-induced Myoclonus","Action-induced myoclonus is a disabling myoclonus (brief and involuntary muscle contractions), often expressed multifocally and worsened by voluntary movement; especially fine, coordinated movements.For more information, see Myoclonus.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
343,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,47,"2018-04-21 03:23:12","Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)","A method for measuring the intrinsic and common pathways of coagulation, this test measures factors XII, XI, IX, and VIII and is sensitive to inhibitors such as heparin. Petechiae can result conditions which cause a prolonged aPPT.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
344,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,48,"2018-04-21 03:23:27","Active ingredient (medication)","The active ingredient in a drug is the chemical in the drug that affects physiological functioning. In other words, it is the ingredient that makes the drug work.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
345,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,49,"2018-04-21 03:23:45","Active involuntary euthanasia","Active involuntary euthanasia is a form of physician assisted death whereby medical intervention takes place, without the patient’s request, in order to end the patient’s life.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
346,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,50,"2018-04-21 03:23:49","Active listening","Active listening involves listening to the person whom speaking to and echoing, paraphrasing and acknowledging what is being said. Also non-verbal communication such as nodding and appropriate facial expressions are used. Active listening enables the speaker to feel that they are being listened to and supported. Active listening is an essential part of communication.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
347,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,347,"2018-04-21 04:09:56","Active muscle movement","Active muscle movement, as opposed to passive muscle movement, is when the muscle is actively and voluntarily moved. The more intense the active movements, the greater the muscle tone.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
348,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,348,"2018-04-21 04:10:03","Active surveillance","Active Surveillance is the watchful waiting of a patients’ condition by a doctor. Surveillance is carried out instead of active treatment when the risks of the treatment outweigh the benefiits. For example the risk of some small, non aggressive, localised prostate cancers ever spreading is very low, however the treatment to remove can leave the patient with urinary symptoms and other side effects. In this case the cancer is closely monitored to make sure it does not spread. If it does spread active treatment will be carried out.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
349,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,349,"2018-04-21 04:10:14","Active voluntary euthanasia","Active voluntary euthanasia is a form of physician assisted death whereby medical intervention takes place, at a patient’s request, in order to end the patient’s life.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"
350,3,"2018-04-18 06:18:31",A,350,"2018-04-21 04:10:18","Acute dystonia","Acute dystonia is dystonia that has a rapid onset and involves intense symptoms, but is only experienced for a brief duration.For more information, see Dystonia.","1 January, 2012","21 January, 2014"