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disease.id | disease.ts | disease.title | disease.overview | disease.symptoms | disease.when_to_see_a_doctor | disease.causes | disease.risk_factors | disease.complications |
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243 | 2018-02-01 05:02:50 | Bee sting | Bee stings are a common outdoor nuisance. In most cases, bee stings are just annoying, and home treatment is all that's necessary to ease the pain of bee stings. But if you're allergic to bee stings or you get stung numerous times, you may have a more-ser | To sting, a bee jabs a barbed stinger into the skin. Bee sting venom contains proteins that affect skin cells and the immune system, causing pain and swelling around the sting area. In people with a bee sting allergy, bee venom can trigger a more-serious | You're at increased risk of bee stings if: You live in an area where bees are especially active or with beehives nearby Your work or hobbies require spending time outside | |||
244 | 2018-02-01 05:02:51 | Behcet's disease | Behcet's (beh-CHETS) disease, also called Behcet's syndrome, is a rare disorder that causes blood vessel inflammation throughout your body. The disease can lead to numerous signs and symptoms that may seem unrelated at first. They may include mouth sores, | No one knows exactly what causes Behcet's disease. But it may be an autoimmune disorder, which means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks some of its own healthy cells. It's likely that genetic and environmental factors also play a role. Several ge | Factors that may increase your risk of Behcet's include: Age. Behcet's disease commonly affects men and women in their 20s and 30s, though children and older adults also can develop the condition. Where you live. People from countries in the Middle East a | Complications of Behcet's disease depend on your signs and symptoms. For instance, untreated uveitis can lead to decreased vision or even blindness. People with eye signs and symptoms of Behcet's disease need to visit an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) regul | ||
245 | 2018-02-01 05:02:53 | Bell's palsy | Bell's palsy causes sudden weakness in your facial muscles. This makes half of your face appear to droop. Your smile is one-sided, and your eye on that side resists closing. Bell's palsy, also known as facial palsy, can occur at any age. The exact cause i | Facial paralysisFacial paralysisFacial weakness or paralysis may cause one corner of your mouth to droop, and you may have trouble retaining saliva on that side of your mouth. The condition may also make it difficult to close the eye on the affected side | Seek immediate medical help if you experience any type of paralysis because you may be having a stroke. Bell's palsy is not caused by a stroke. See your doctor if you experience facial weakness or drooping to determine the underlying cause and severity of | Facial nerveFacial nerveThe nerve that controls your facial muscles passes through a narrow corridor of bone on its way to your face. Although the exact reason Bell's palsy occurs isn't clear, it's often linked to exposure to a viral infection. Viruses th | Bell's palsy occurs more often in people who: Are pregnant, especially during the third trimester, or who are in the first week after giving birth Have an upper respiratory infection, such as the flu or a cold Have diabetes | A mild case of Bell's palsy normally disappears within a month, but recovery from a more severe case involving total paralysis varies. Complications may include: Irreversible damage to your facial nerve Misdirected regrowth of nerve fibers, resulting in i |
247 | 2018-02-01 05:02:54 | Geographic tongue | Geographic tongueGeographic tongueGeographic tongue results from the loss of tiny hairlike projections (papillae) on your tongue's surface. This papillae loss appears as smooth, red patches of varying shapes and sizes. Geographic tongue is an inflammatory | The cause of geographic tongue is unknown, and there's no way to prevent the condition. There may be a link between geographic tongue and psoriasis and between geographic tongue and lichen planus. But more research is needed to better understand possible | Studies of factors that may be associated with an increased risk of geographic tongue have produced mixed results. Factors that are likely associated with an increased risk include: Family history. Some people with geographic tongue have a family history | Geographic tongue is a benign condition. It doesn't pose a threat to your health, cause long-term complications or increase your risk of major health problems. However, anxiety about the condition is fairly common because: The appearance of the tongue may | ||
248 | 2018-02-01 05:02:56 | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common causes of vertigo — the sudden sensation that you're spinning or that the inside of your head is spinning. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo causes brief episodes of mild to intense | The signs and symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may include: Dizziness A sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving (vertigo) A loss of balance or unsteadiness Nausea Vomiting The signs and symptoms of BPPV can come a | Generally, see your doctor if you experience any unexplained dizziness or vertigo that recurs periodically for more than one week. Seek emergency care Although it's uncommon for dizziness to signal a serious illness, see your doctor immediately if you exp | Inner ear and balanceInner ear and balanceSemicircular canals and otolith organs — the utricle and saccule — in your inner ear contain fluid and fine, hairlike sensors that help you keep your eyes focused on a target when your head is in motion and assist | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo occurs most often in people age 50 and older, but can occur at any age. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is also more common in women than in men. A head injury or any other disorder of the balance organs of your e | Although benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is uncomfortable, it rarely causes complications. The dizziness of BPPV can make you unsteady, which may put you at greater risk of falling. |
250 | 2018-02-01 05:02:59 | Benign peripheral nerve tumor | Your peripheral nerves link your brain and spinal cord to other parts of your body. These nerves control your muscles so that you can walk, blink, swallow, pick things up and do other activities. Several types of nerve tumors occur. Though their cause is | |||||
251 | 2018-02-01 05:02:59 | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — also called prostate gland enlargement — is a common condition as men get older. An enlarged prostate gland can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms, such as blocking the flow of urine out of the bladder. It can also c | The severity of symptoms in people who have prostate gland enlargement varies, but symptoms tend to gradually worsen over time. Common signs and symptoms of BPH include: Frequent or urgent need to urinate Increased frequency of urination at night (nocturi | If you're having urinary problems, discuss them with your doctor. Even if you don't find urinary symptoms bothersome, it's important to identify or rule out any underlying causes. Untreated, urinary problems might lead to obstruction of the urinary tract. | Comparing normal and enlarged prostate glandsComparing normal and enlarged prostate glandsAt normal size, the prostate gland is about the size and shape of a walnut or golf ball. When enlarged, the prostate may obstruct urine flow from the bladder and out | Risk factors for prostate gland enlargement include: Aging. Prostate gland enlargement rarely causes signs and symptoms in men younger than age 40. About one-third of men experience moderate to severe symptoms by age 60, and about half do so by age 80. Fa | Complications of an enlarged prostate can include: Sudden inability to urinate (urinary retention). You might need to have a tube (catheter) inserted into your bladder to drain the urine. Some men with an enlarged prostate need surgery to relieve urinary |
253 | 2018-02-01 05:03:02 | IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) | IgA nephropathy (nuh-FROP-uh-thee), also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when an antibody called immunoglobulin A (IgA) lodges in your kidneys. This results in local inflammation that, over time, may hamper your kidneys' ability | Kidney cross sectionKidney cross sectionYour blood flows through your kidneys, which are the key organs in the complex system that removes excess fluid and waste material from the blood. Blood that flows into your kidneys is diffused through filtering str | Although the exact cause of IgA nephropathy is unknown, these factors may increase your risk of developing this condition: Sex. In North America and western Europe, IgA nephropathy affects at least twice as many men as it does women. Ethnicity. IgA nephro | The course of IgA nephropathy varies from person to person. Some people have the disease for years with few problems. In fact, many cases may go undiagnosed. Other people develop one or more of the following complications: High blood pressure. Damage to y | ||
254 | 2018-02-01 04:54:24 | Bicuspid aortic valve | ||||||
255 | 2018-02-01 05:03:07 | Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) | Gallbladder and bile ductGallbladder and bile ductGallbladder and bile ductThe gallbladder serves as a reservoir for bile, a yellow-green fluid produced in your liver. Bile flows from your liver into your gallbladder, where it's held until needed during t | Cholangiocarcinoma occurs when cells in the bile ducts develop changes (mutations) in their DNA — the material that provides instructions for every chemical process in your body. DNA mutations cause changes in the instructions. One result is that cells ma | Factors that may increase your risk of cholangiocarcinoma include: Primary sclerosing cholangitis. This disease causes hardening and scarring of the bile ducts. Chronic liver disease. Scarring of the liver caused by a history of chronic liver disease incr | |||
256 | 2018-02-01 05:03:09 | Bile reflux | Bile reflux occurs when bile — a digestive liquid produced in your liver — backs up (refluxes) into your stomach and the tube that connects your mouth and stomach (esophagus). Bile reflux may accompany acid reflux, the medical term for the backwash of sto | Bile reflux can be difficult to distinguish from acid reflux. The signs and symptoms are similar, and the two conditions may occur at the same time. It isn't clear what role bile plays in reflux conditions. Bile reflux signs and symptoms include: Upper ab | Make an appointment with your doctor if you frequently experience symptoms of reflux, or if you're losing weight without trying. If you've been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) but aren't getting adequate relief from your medications, | Stomach and pyloric valveStomach and pyloric valveYour stomach is a muscular sac about the size of a small melon that expands when you eat or drink to hold as much as a gallon of food or liquid. Once your stomach pulverizes the food, strong muscular contr | Sticky mucus coats and protects the lining of your stomach from the corrosive effects of stomach acid. The esophagus lacks this protection, so acid and bile reflux can seriously damage esophageal tissue. The combination of bile and acid reflux increases t | |
258 | 2018-02-01 05:03:12 | Binge-eating disorder | Binge-eating disorder is a serious eating disorder in which you frequently consume unusually large amounts of food and feel unable to stop eating. Almost everyone overeats on occasion, such as having seconds or thirds of a holiday meal. But for some peopl | The causes of binge-eating disorder are unknown. But genetics, biological factors, long-term dieting and psychological issues increase your risk. | Factors that can increase your risk of developing binge-eating disorder include: Family history. You're much more likely to have an eating disorder if your parents or siblings have (or had) an eating disorder. This may indicate that inherited genes increa | You may develop psychological and physical problems related to binge eating. Complications that may be caused by binge-eating disorder include: Feeling bad about yourself or your life Poor quality of life Problems functioning at work, with your personal l | ||
259 | 2018-02-01 05:03:15 | Bipolar disorder | Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose inte | There are several types of bipolar and related disorders. They may include mania or hypomania and depression. Symptoms can cause unpredictable changes in mood and behavior, resulting in significant distress and difficulty in life. Bipolar I disorder. You' | Despite the mood extremes, people with bipolar disorder often don't recognize how much their emotional instability disrupts their lives and the lives of their loved ones and don't get the treatment they need. And if you're like some people with bipolar di | The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but several factors may be involved, such as: Biological differences. People with bipolar disorder appear to have physical changes in their brains. The significance of these changes is still uncertain but ma | Factors that may increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder or act as a trigger for the first episode include: Having a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, with bipolar disorder Periods of high stress, such as the death of a loved on | Left untreated, bipolar disorder can result in serious problems that affect every area of your life, such as: Problems related to drug and alcohol use Suicide or suicide attempts Legal or financial problems Damaged relationships Poor work or school perfor |
261 | 2018-02-01 05:03:17 | Black hairy tongue | Black hairy tongueBlack hairy tongueBlack hairy tongue is caused by an overgrowth of dead skin cells, causing lengthening of the papillae, and staining from bacteria, yeast, food, tobacco or other substances in the mouth. Black hairy tongue is a temporary | Black hairy tongue typically results when projections on the tongue called papillae grow longer because they don't shed dead skin cells like normal. This makes the tongue look hairy. Debris, bacteria or other organisms can collect on the papillae and resu | ||||
263 | 2018-02-01 05:03:20 | Bladder stones | Bladder stones are hard masses of minerals in your bladder. Bladder stones develop when the minerals in concentrated urine crystallize. This often happens when you can't completely empty your bladder. Signs and symptoms can vary from severe abdominal pain | Bladder stones usually develop when your bladder doesn't empty completely, and the urine forms crystals. Some infections can lead to bladder stones, and sometimes an underlying condition that affects the bladder's ability to hold, store or eliminate urine | Bladder stones are common in children in developing countries — often because of dehydration, infection, abnormalities in the urinary tract and a low-protein diet. In other parts of the world, bladder stones occur primarily in adults. Conditions that rais | Bladder stones that aren't expelled — even those that don't cause symptoms — can lead to complications, such as: Chronic bladder dysfunction. Untreated bladder stones can cause long-term urinary problems, such as pain or frequent urination. Bladder stones | ||
264 | 2018-02-01 05:03:21 | Bladder cancer | Female urinary systemFemale urinary systemYour urinary system — which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — is responsible for removing waste from your body through urine. Your kidneys, located toward the back in your upper abdomen, produce | Bladder cancerBladder cancerBladder cancer develops when cells in the bladder begin to grow abnormally, forming a tumor in the bladder. Bladder cancer develops when cells in the bladder begin to grow abnormally. Rather than grow and divide in an orderly w | Factors that may increase bladder cancer risk include: Smoking. Smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes may increase the risk of bladder cancer by causing harmful chemicals to accumulate in the urine. When you smoke, your body processes the chemicals in the s | |||
265 | 2018-02-01 05:03:24 | Urinary incontinence | Urinary incontinence — the loss of bladder control — is a common and often embarrassing problem. The severity ranges from occasionally leaking urine when you cough or sneeze to having an urge to urinate that's so sudden and strong you don't get to a toile | Female urinary systemFemale urinary systemYour urinary system — which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — is responsible for removing waste from your body through urine. Your kidneys, located toward the back in your upper abdomen, produce | Factors that increase your risk of developing urinary incontinence include: Gender. Women are more likely to have stress incontinence. Pregnancy, childbirth, menopause and normal female anatomy account for this difference. However, men with prostate gland | Complications of chronic urinary incontinence include: Skin problems. Rashes, skin infections and sores can develop from constantly wet skin. Urinary tract infections. Incontinence increases your risk of repeated urinary tract infections. Impacts on your | ||
266 | 2018-02-01 05:03:27 | Bladder exstrophy | Bladder exstrophy in a female infantBladder exstrophy in a female infantIn girls born with bladder exstrophy, the bladder is on the outside of the body and the vagina is not fully formed. Surgeons will close the bladder (top right) and then close the abdo | Doctors aren't sure what causes bladder exstrophy. As with similar problems, it appears to result from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. Genetic factors. Recent studies indicate that the master control gene ISL1 is probably a suscep | Factors that increase the risk of bladder exstrophy include: Family history. Firstborn children, children of a parent with bladder exstrophy or siblings of a child with bladder exstrophy have an increased chance of being born with the condition. Race. Bla | If not treated, children with bladder exstrophy will have an inability to hold urine (urinary incontinence) and an increased risk of bladder cancer. They're also at risk of sexual dysfunction. Surgical treatment can reduce complications, depending on the | ||
267 | 2018-02-01 05:03:30 | Cystitis | Cystitis (sis-TIE-tis) is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it's called a urinary tract infection (UTI). A bladder infection can be painful and annoying, and it can | Cystitis signs and symptoms often include: A strong, persistent urge to urinate A burning sensation when urinating Passing frequent, small amounts of urine Blood in the urine (hematuria) Passing cloudy or strong-smelling urine Pelvic discomfort A feeling | Seek immediate medical help if you have signs and symptoms common to a kidney infection, including: Back or side pain Fever and chills Nausea and vomiting If you develop urgent, frequent or painful urination that lasts for several hours or longer or if yo | Female urinary systemFemale urinary systemYour urinary system — which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — is responsible for removing waste from your body through urine. Your kidneys, located toward the back in your upper abdomen, produce | Some people are more likely than others to develop bladder infections or recurrent urinary tract infections. Women are one such group. A key reason is physical anatomy. Women have a shorter urethra, which cuts down on the distance bacteria must travel to | When treated promptly and properly, bladder infections rarely lead to complications. But left untreated, they can become something more serious. Complications may include: Kidney infection. An untreated bladder infection can lead to kidney infection, also |
268 | 2018-02-01 05:03:32 | Interstitial cystitis | Interstitial cystitisInterstitial cystitisYour bladder, kidneys, ureters and urethra make up your urinary system. When you have interstitial cystitis, the walls of your bladder become irritated and inflamed (shown right), compared with those of a normal b | The exact cause of interstitial cystitis isn't known, but it's likely that many factors contribute. For instance, people with interstitial cystitis may also have a defect in the protective lining (epithelium) of the bladder. A leak in the epithelium may a | These factors are associated with a higher risk of interstitial cystitis: Your sex. Women are diagnosed with interstitial cystitis more often than men. Symptoms in men may mimic interstitial cystitis, but they're more often associated with an inflammation | Interstitial cystitis can result in a number of complications, including: Reduced bladder capacity. Interstitial cystitis can cause stiffening of the bladder wall, which allows your bladder to hold less urine. Lower quality of life. Frequent urination and | ||
271 | 2018-02-01 05:03:35 | Blastocystis hominis infection | Blastocystis hominis is a microscopic organism that may be found in the stools of healthy people who aren't having any digestive symptoms. Blastocystis hominis is also sometimes found in the stools of people who have diarrhea, abdominal pain or other gast | Signs and symptoms that might be associated with blastocystis include: Diarrhea Nausea Abdominal cramps Bloating Excessive gas (flatulence) Hives Loss of appetite Fatigue When to see a doctorSee your doctor if you have signs and symptoms, such as diarrhea | See your doctor if you have signs and symptoms, such as diarrhea or cramps, that last longer than three days. | Once thought to be a harmless yeast, blastocystis is a parasite — a microscopic single-celled organism (protozoan). Many protozoans normally inhabit your gastrointestinal tract and are harmless or even helpful; others cause disease. Whether blastocystis i | Blastocystis is common, and anyone can have the organism in his or her stools. You may be at higher risk if you travel or live where sanitation is inadequate or where the water may not be safe. ComplicationsIf you have diarrhea associated with blastocysti | If you have diarrhea associated with blastocystis, it's likely to be self-limiting. However, anytime you have diarrhea, you lose vital fluids, salts and minerals, which can lead to dehydration. Children are especially vulnerable to dehydration. Prevention |
272 | 2018-02-01 05:03:38 | Blepharitis | BlepharitisBlepharitisBlepharitis is an inflammation along the edges of the eyelids. People with blepharitis can experience irritated, itchy eyelids that may appear greasy and crusted with scales that cling to the lashes. People with blepharitis sometimes | If you have blepharitis symptoms and signs that don't seem to be improving despite good hygiene — regular cleaning and care of the affected area — make an appointment with your doctor. | The exact cause of blepharitis isn't clear. It may be associated with one or more factors, including: Seborrheic dermatitis — dandruff of the scalp and eyebrows A bacterial infection Clogged or malfunctioning oil glands in your eyelids Rosacea — a skin co | StyStyA sty is a bacterial infection involving one or more of the small glands near the base of your eyelashes. It is similar to a boil or a pimple and is often painful. ChalazionChalazionA chalazion (shown prominently on the upper eyelid) is a bacterial | ||
273 | 2018-02-01 05:03:40 | Blind loop syndrome | Blind loop syndrome occurs when part of the small intestine forms a loop that food bypasses during digestion. The presence of this "blind loop" means food may not move normally through the digestive tract. Slowly moving food and waste products become a br | Signs and symptoms of blind loop syndrome often include: Loss of appetite Abdominal pain Nausea Bloating An uncomfortable feeling of fullness after eating Diarrhea Unintentional weight loss When to see a doctor Bloating, nausea and diarrhea are signs and | Bloating, nausea and diarrhea are signs and symptoms of many intestinal problems. See your doctor for a full evaluation — especially if you've had abdominal surgery — if you have: Persistent diarrhea Rapid, unintentional weight loss Abdominal pain lasting | Gastrointestinal tractGastrointestinal tractYour digestive tract stretches from your mouth to your anus. It includes the organs necessary to digest food and process waste. The small intestine is the longest section of your digestive tract, measuring about | Factors that increase your risk of blind loop syndrome include: Gastric surgery for obesity or ulcers A structural defect in the small intestine An injury to the small intestine An abnormal passageway (fistula) between two segments of bowel Crohn's diseas | A blind loop can cause escalating problems, including: Poor absorption of fats. Bacteria in your small intestine break down the bile salts needed to digest fats. As a result, your body can't fully absorb the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K. Incomplete |
274 | 2018-02-01 05:03:41 | Blocked tear duct | Tear glands and tear ductsTear glands and tear ductsThe tear glands (lacrimal glands), located above each eyeball, continuously supply tear fluid that's wiped across the surface of your eye each time you blink your eyelids. Excess fluid drains through the | Blocked tear ducts can happen at any age. They may even be present at birth (congenital). Causes include: Congenital blockage. Many infants are born with a blocked tear duct. The tear drainage system may not be fully developed or there may be a duct abnor | Certain factors increase your risk of developing a blocked tear duct: Age and sex. Older women are at highest risk of developing blocked tear ducts due to age-related changes. Chronic eye inflammation. If your eyes are continually irritated, red and infla | Because your tears aren't draining the way they should, the tears that remain in the drainage system become stagnant. This promotes growth of bacteria, viruses and fungi, which can lead to recurrent eye infections and inflammation. Any part of the tear dr | ||
275 | 2018-02-01 05:03:41 | Blood in urine (hematuria) | Seeing blood in your urine can be alarming. While in many instances the cause is harmless, blood in urine (hematuria) can indicate a serious disorder. Blood that you can see is called gross hematuria. Urinary blood that's visible only under a microscope ( | Gross hematuria produces pink, red or cola-colored urine due to the presence of red blood cells. It takes little blood to produce red urine, and the bleeding usually isn't painful. Passing blood clots in your urine, however, can be painful. Bloody urine o | Make an appointment to see your doctor anytime you notice blood in your urine. Some medications, such as the laxative Ex-lax, and certain foods, including beets, rhubarb and berries, can cause your urine to turn red. A change in urine color caused by drug | Female urinary systemFemale urinary systemYour urinary system — which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — is responsible for removing waste from your body through urine. Your kidneys, located toward the back in your upper abdomen, produce | Almost anyone — including children and teens — can have red blood cells in the urine. Factors that make this more likely include: Age. Many men older than 50 have occasional hematuria due to an enlarged prostate gland. A recent infection. Kidney inflammat | |
276 | 2018-02-01 05:03:44 | High blood pressure (hypertension) | High blood pressure is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease. Blood pressure is determined both by the amount of blood your | Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels. A few people with high blood pressure may have headaches, shortness of breath or nosebleeds, but these signs and symptoms aren't | You'll likely have your blood pressure taken as part of a routine doctor's appointment. Ask your doctor for a blood pressure reading at least every two years starting at age 18. If you're age 40 or older, or you're age 18-39 with a high risk of high blood | There are two types of high blood pressure. Primary (essential) hypertension For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure, called primary (essential) hypertension, tends to develop gradually over | High blood pressure has many risk factors, including: Age. The risk of high blood pressure increases as you age. Through early middle age, or about age 45, high blood pressure is more common in men. Women are more likely to develop high blood pressure aft | The excessive pressure on your artery walls caused by high blood pressure can damage your blood vessels, as well as organs in your body. The higher your blood pressure and the longer it goes uncontrolled, the greater the damage. Uncontrolled high blood pr |
277 | 2018-02-01 05:03:46 | Low blood pressure (hypotension) | Low blood pressure might seem desirable, and for some people, it causes no problems. However, for many people, abnormally low blood pressure (hypotension) can cause dizziness and fainting. In severe cases, low blood pressure can be life-threatening. A blo | Blood pressure is a measurement of the pressure in your arteries during the active and resting phases of each heartbeat. Systolic pressure. The top number in a blood pressure reading is the amount of pressure your heart generates when pumping blood throug | Low blood pressure (hypotension) can occur in anyone, though certain types of low blood pressure are more common depending on your age or other factors: Age. Drops in blood pressure on standing or after eating occur primarily in adults older than 65. Neur | Even moderate forms of low blood pressure can cause dizziness, weakness, fainting and a risk of injury from falls. And severely low blood pressure can deprive your body of enough oxygen to carry out its normal functions, leading to damage to your heart an | ||
278 | 2018-02-01 05:03:49 | Burning mouth syndrome | Burning mouth syndrome is the medical term for ongoing (chronic) or recurrent burning in the mouth without an obvious cause. This discomfort may affect the tongue, gums, lips, inside of your cheeks, roof of your mouth or widespread areas of your whole mou | Symptoms of burning mouth syndrome may include: A burning or scalded sensation that most commonly affects your tongue, but may also affect your lips, gums, palate, throat or whole mouth A sensation of dry mouth with increased thirst Taste changes, such as | If you have discomfort, burning or soreness of your tongue, lips, gums or other areas of your mouth, see your doctor or dentist. They may need to work together to help pinpoint a cause and develop an effective treatment plan. | The cause of burning mouth syndrome can be classified as either primary or secondary. Primary burning mouth syndrome When no clinical or lab abnormalities can be identified, the condition is called primary or idiopathic burning mouth syndrome. Some resear | Burning mouth syndrome is uncommon. However, your risk may be greater if: You're a woman You're postmenopausal You're over the age of 50 | Complications that burning mouth syndrome may cause or be associated with are mainly related to discomfort. They include, for example: Difficulty falling asleep Difficulty eating Depression Anxiety PreventionThere's no known way to prevent burning mouth s |
280 | 2018-02-01 05:03:50 | Body lice | Body lice are tiny insects, about the size of a sesame seed. Body lice live in your clothing and bedding and travel to your skin several times a day to feed on blood. The most common sites for bites are around the neck, shoulders, armpits, waist and groin | Body lice are similar to head lice, but have different habits. While head lice live in your hair and feed on your scalp, body lice typically live in your clothes and bedding. They travel to your skin several times a day to feed on blood. The seams of your | People who are at higher risk of body lice tend to live in crowded, unclean conditions. They include: War refugees Homeless people Victims of natural disasters | Body lice infestations usually cause minimal problems. However, a body lice infestation sometimes leads to complications such as: Secondary infections. When body lice scratch and dig to feed on your blood, they may irritate your skin. If you scratch to al | ||
281 | 2018-02-01 05:03:51 | Sweating and body odor | Sweating and body odor are facts of life for most people. Heavy perspiration and body odor can happen when you exercise, when you're too warm, or when you're nervous, anxious or under stress. Your body has two main types of sweat glands, and they produce | Your skin has two main types of sweat glands: eccrine glands and apocrine glands. Eccrine glands occur over most of your body and open directly onto the surface of the skin. Apocrine glands develop in areas abundant in hair follicles, such as your armpits | ||||
282 | 2018-02-01 05:03:54 | Boils and carbuncles | BoilBoilA boil is a painful, pus-filled bump under your skin — the result of a bacterial infection of one or more hair follicles. CarbuncleCarbuncleA carbuncle is a cluster of boils — painful, pus-filled bumps — that form a connected area of infection und | Most boils are caused by Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria commonly found on the skin and inside the nose. Boils sometimes develop at sites where the skin has been broken by a small injury or an insect bite, which gives the bacteria easy entry. | Although anyone — including otherwise healthy people — can develop boils or carbuncles, the following factors can increase your risk: Close contact with a person who has a staph infection. You're more likely to develop an infection if you live with someon | Rarely, bacteria from a boil or carbuncle can enter your bloodstream and travel to other parts of your body. The spreading infection, commonly known as blood poisoning (sepsis), can lead to infections deep within your body, such as your heart (endocarditi | ||
283 | 2018-02-01 05:03:55 | Bone cancer | Bone cancer is an uncommon cancer that begins in a bone. Bone cancer can begin in any bone in the body, but it most commonly affects the long bones that make up the arms and legs. Several types of bone cancer exist. Some types of bone cancer occur primari | OsteosarcomaOsteosarcomaOsteosarcoma, the most common type of bone cancer, often starts in the long bones — the legs or the arms — but it can occur in any bone. Ewing's sarcomaEwing's sarcomaEwing's sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that most commonly affe | It's not clear what causes bone cancer, but doctors have found certain factors are associated with an increased risk, including: Inherited genetic syndromes. Certain rare genetic syndromes passed through families increase the risk of bone cancer, includin | |||
284 | 2018-02-01 05:03:58 | Osteomyelitis | Osteomyelitis is an infection in a bone. Infections can reach a bone by traveling through the bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissue. Infections can also begin in the bone itself if an injury exposes the bone to germs. In children, osteomyelitis most | Signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis include: Fever or chills Irritability or lethargy in young children Pain in the area of the infection Swelling, warmth and redness over the area of the infection Sometimes osteomyelitis causes no signs and symptoms or h | See your doctor if you experience worsening bone pain along with fever. If you're at risk of infection because of a medical condition or recent surgery or injury, see your doctor right away if you notice signs and symptoms of an infection. | Most cases of osteomyelitis are caused by staphylococcus bacteria, types of germs commonly found on the skin or in the nose of even healthy individuals. Germs can enter a bone in a variety of ways, including: The bloodstream. Germs in other parts of your | Your bones are normally resistant to infection. For osteomyelitis to occur, a situation that makes your bones vulnerable must be present. Recent injury or orthopedic surgery A severe bone fracture or a deep puncture wound gives infections a route to enter | Osteomyelitis complications may include: Bone death (osteonecrosis). An infection in your bone can impede blood circulation within the bone, leading to bone death. Your bone can heal after surgery to remove small sections of dead bone. If a large section |
285 | 2018-02-01 05:04:01 | Bone metastasis | Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells spread from their original site to a bone. Nearly all types of cancer can spread (metastasize) to the bones. But some types of cancer are particularly likely to spread to bone, including breast cancer and prostate | If you experience persistent signs and symptoms that worry you, make an appointment with your doctor. If you've been treated for cancer in the past, tell your doctor about your medical history and that you're concerned about your signs and symptoms. Cause | Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells break away from the original tumor and spread to the bones, where they begin to multiply. Doctors aren't sure what causes some cancers to spread. And it's not clear why some cancers travel to the bones rather than | Virtually any type of cancer can spread to the bones, but the cancers most likely to cause bone metastasis include: Breast cancer Kidney cancer Lung cancer Lymphoma Multiple myeloma Prostate cancer Thyroid cancer | ||
286 | 2018-02-01 05:04:01 | Bone spurs | Bone spurs are bony projections that develop along the edges of bones. Bone spurs (osteophytes) often form where bones meet each other — in your joints. They can also form on the bones of your spine. The main cause of bone spurs is the joint damage associ | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have pain or swelling in one or more joints or if you have difficulty moving a joint. Early treatment can help prevent or slow further joint damage. CausesJoint damage from osteoarthritis is the most common caus | Joint damage from osteoarthritis is the most common cause of bone spurs. As osteoarthritis breaks down the cartilage cushioning the ends of your bones, your body attempts to repair the loss by creating bone spurs near the damaged area. By Mayo Clinic Staf | |||
287 | 2018-02-01 05:04:05 | Borderline personality disorder | Borderline personality disorder is a mental health disorder that impacts the way you think and feel about yourself and others, causing problems functioning in everyday life. It includes a pattern of unstable intense relationships, distorted self-image, ex | If you're aware that you have any of the signs or symptoms above, talk to your doctor or a mental health provider. If you notice signs or symptoms in a family member or friend, talk to that person about seeing a doctor or mental health provider. But you c | As with other mental disorders, the causes of borderline personality disorder aren't fully understood. In addition to environmental factors — such as a history of child abuse or neglect — borderline personality disorder may be linked to: Genetics. Some st | Some factors related to personality development can increase the risk of developing borderline personality disorder. These include: Hereditary predisposition. You may be at a higher risk if a close relative — your mother, father, brother or sister — has t | Borderline personality disorder can damage many areas of your life. It can negatively affect intimate relationships, jobs, school, social activities and self-image, resulting in: Repeated job changes or losses Not completing an education Multiple legal is | |
288 | 2018-02-01 05:04:08 | Botulism | Botulism is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins from bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. Three common forms of botulism are: Foodborne botulism. The harmful bacteria thrive and produce the toxin in environments with little oxygen, such as in | Foodborne botulism Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism typically begin between 12 and 36 hours after the toxin gets into your body. But, the start of symptoms can range from a few hours to several days, depending on the amount of toxin ingested. Sign | Seek urgent medical care if you suspect that you have botulism. Early treatment increases your chances of survival, and lessens your risk of complications. Seeking medical care promptly may also alert public health authorities. They may then be able to ke | Infant botulism Babies get infant botulism after consuming spores of the bacteria, which then grow and multiply in their intestinal tracts and make toxins. The source of infant botulism may be honey, but it's more likely to be exposure to soil contaminate | Because it affects muscle control throughout your body, botulinum toxin can cause many complications. The most immediate danger is that you won't be able to breathe, which is the most common cause of death in botulism. Other complications, which may requi | |
289 | 2018-02-01 05:04:09 | Fecal incontinence | Fecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements, causing stool (feces) to leak unexpectedly from the rectum. Also called bowel incontinence, fecal incontinence ranges from an occasional leakage of stool while passing gas to a complete loss | See your doctor if you or your child develops fecal incontinence. Often, new mothers and other adults are reluctant to tell their doctors about fecal incontinence. But treatments are available, and the sooner you are evaluated, the sooner you may find som | For many people, there is more than one cause of fecal incontinence. Causes can include: Muscle damage. Injury to the rings of muscle at the end of the rectum (anal sphincter) may make it difficult to hold stool back properly. This kind of damage can occu | A number of factors may increase your risk of developing fecal incontinence, including: Age. Although fecal incontinence can occur at any age, it's more common in middle-aged and older adults. Being female. Fecal incontinence is slightly more common in wo | Complications of fecal incontinence may include: Emotional distress. The loss of dignity associated with losing control over one's bodily functions can lead to embarrassment, shame, frustration, anger and depression. It's common for people with fecal inco | |
290 | 2018-02-01 05:04:12 | Intestinal obstruction | Colon and small intestineColon and small intestineThe small intestine and colon are components of your digestive tract, which processes the foods you eat. The small intestine and colon extract nutrients and water from the foods. What isn't absorbed by the | Because of the serious complications that can develop from intestinal obstruction, seek immediate medical care if you have severe abdominal pain or other symptoms of intestinal obstruction. | IntussusceptionIntussusceptionIntussusception is a rare, serious disorder in which one part of the intestine slides inside an adjacent part. The most common causes of intestinal obstruction in adults are: Intestinal adhesions — bands of fibrous tissue in | Diseases and conditions that can increase your risk of intestinal obstruction include: Abdominal or pelvic surgery, which often causes adhesions — a common intestinal obstruction Crohn's disease, which can cause the intestine's walls to thicken, narrowing | Untreated, intestinal obstruction can cause serious, life-threatening complications, including: Tissue death. Intestinal obstruction can cut off the blood supply to part of your intestine. Lack of blood causes the intestinal wall to die. Tissue death can | |
292 | 2018-02-01 05:04:13 | Brachial plexus injury | The brachial plexus is the network of nerves that sends signals from your spine to your shoulder, arm and hand. A brachial plexus injury occurs when these nerves are stretched, compressed, or in the most serious cases, ripped apart or torn away from the s | Damage to the upper nerves that make up the brachial plexus tends to occur when your shoulder is forced down while your neck stretches up and away from the injured shoulder. The lower nerves are more likely to be injured when your arm is forced above your | Participating in contact sports, particularly football and wrestling, or being involved in high-speed accidents increases your risk of brachial plexus injury. ComplicationsGiven enough time, many brachial plexus injuries in both children and adults heal w | Given enough time, many brachial plexus injuries in both children and adults heal with no lasting damage. But some injuries can cause temporary or permanent problems: Stiff joints. If you experience paralysis of your hand or arm, your joints can stiffen, | ||
293 | 2018-02-01 05:04:15 | Bradycardia | Bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate. The hearts of adults at rest usually beat between 60 and 100 times a minute. If you have bradycardia (brad-e-KAHR-dee-uh), your heart beats fewer than 60 times a minute. Bradycardia can be a serious problem | Normal heartbeatNormal heartbeatIn a normal heart rhythm, a tiny cluster of cells at the sinus node sends out an electrical signal. The signal then travels through the atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node and then passes into the ventricles, causing th | Age A key risk factor for bradycardia is age. Heart problems, which are often associated with bradycardia, are more common in older adults. Risk factors related to heart disease Bradycardia is often associated with damage to heart tissue from some type of | If bradycardia causes symptoms, possible complications can include: Frequent fainting spells Inability of the heart to pump enough blood (heart failure) Sudden cardiac arrest or sudden death PreventionThe most effective way to prevent bradycardia is to re | ||
294 | 2018-02-01 05:04:16 | Sick sinus syndrome | Sick sinus syndrome — also known as sinus node disease or sinus node dysfunction — is the name for a group of heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias) in which the sinus node — the heart's natural pacemaker — doesn't work properly. The sinus node is an area of | Most people with sick sinus syndrome initially have few or no symptoms. In some cases, symptoms may come and go. When they do occur, sick sinus syndrome symptoms may include: Slower than normal pulse (bradycardia) Fatigue Dizziness or lightheadedness Fain | If you have spells of lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting, fatigue, shortness of breath or palpitations, talk to your doctor. Many medical conditions can cause these signs and symptoms — including sick sinus syndrome — and it's important to identify the | Normal heartbeatNormal heartbeatIn a normal heart rhythm, a tiny cluster of cells at the sinus node sends out an electrical signal. The signal then travels through the atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node and then passes into the ventricles, causing th | Sick sinus syndrome can occur in people of all ages, even infants. Because it usually develops slowly, over many years, it's most common in people around age 70. In rare cases, sick sinus syndrome may also be associated with certain conditions such as mus | When your heart's natural pacemaker isn't working properly, your heart can't perform as efficiently as it should. This can lead to a very slow heart rate, which may cause fainting. In rare cases, long periods of slow heart rate or fast heart rate can keep |
296 | 2018-02-01 05:04:20 | Brain AVM | Brain AVMBrain AVMIn a brain AVM, blood passes directly from your arteries to your veins via abnormal vessels. This disrupts the normal process of how blood circulates through your brain. Normal and abnormal blood vesselsNormal and abnormal blood vesselsI | A brain arteriovenous malformation may not cause any signs or symptoms until the AVM ruptures, resulting in bleeding in the brain (hemorrhage). In about half of all brain AVMs, hemorrhage is the first sign. But some people with brain AVM may experience si | Seek immediate medical attention if you notice any signs or symptoms of a brain AVM, such as seizures, headaches or other symptoms. A bleeding brain AVM is life-threatening and requires emergency medical attention. | AVM blood flowAVM blood flowIn an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), blood passes quickly from the artery to vein, disrupting the normal blood flow and depriving the surrounding tissues of oxygen. The cause of brain AVM is unknown, but researchers believe | Anyone can be born with a brain AVM, but these factors may be a risk: Being male. AVMs are more common in males. Having a family history. Cases of AVMs in families have been reported, but it's unclear if there's a certain genetic factor or if the cases ar | Intracerebral hemorrhageIntracerebral hemorrhageA brain AVM may cause bleeding in the brain (hemorrhage), which can damage the surrounding brain tissue, as shown by this CT scan (left) and illustration (right) of an intracerebral hemorrhage. Complications |
297 | 2018-02-01 05:04:23 | Stroke | A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. A stroke is a medical emergency. Prompt treatment is crucial. Early a | Watch for these signs and symptoms if you think you or someone else may be having a stroke. Note when your signs and symptoms begin, because the length of time they have been present may guide your treatment decisions: Trouble with speaking and understand | Seek immediate medical attention if you notice any signs or symptoms of a stroke, even if they seem to fluctuate or disappear. Think "FAST" and do the following: Face. Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop? Arms. Ask the person to raise | A stroke occurs when the blood supply to your brain is interrupted or reduced. This deprives your brain of oxygen and nutrients, which can cause your brain cells to die. A stroke may be caused by a blocked artery (ischemic stroke) or the leaking or bursti | Many factors can increase your risk of a stroke. Some factors can also increase your chances of having a heart attack. Potentially treatable stroke risk factors include: Lifestyle risk factors Being overweight or obese Physical inactivity Heavy or binge d | A stroke can sometimes cause temporary or permanent disabilities, depending on how long the brain lacks blood flow and which part was affected. Complications may include: Paralysis or loss of muscle movement. You may become paralyzed on one side of your b |
299 | 2018-02-01 05:04:26 | Brain metastases | Brain metastasesBrain metastasesThis shows tumors that developed after cancer from a tumor elsewhere in the body spread (metastasized) to the brain. Brain metastases occur when cancer cells spread from their original site to the brain. Any cancer can spre | Brain metastases occur when cancer cells travel through the bloodstream or the lymph system from the original tumor and spread (metastasize) to the brain. There they begin to multiply. Metastatic cancer that spreads from its original location is known by | Any type of cancer can spread to the brain, but having one of the following types of cancer puts you at increased risk of brain metastases: Lung cancer Breast cancer Colon cancer Kidney cancer Melanoma | |||
300 | 2018-02-01 05:04:28 | Brain tumor | Brain tumorBrain tumor brain tumor can form in the brain cells (as shown), or it can begin elsewhere and spread to the brain. As the tumor grows, it creates pressure on and changes the function of surrounding brain tissue, which causes signs and symptoms | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have persistent signs and symptoms that concern you. | Brain tumors that begin in the brain Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)An acoustic neuroma (schwannoma) is a benign tumor that develops on the balance and hearing nerves leading from your inner ear to the brain. These nerves are tw | In most people with primary brain tumors, the cause of the tumor is not clear. But doctors have identified some factors that may increase your risk of a brain tumor. Risk factors include: Exposure to radiation. People who have been exposed to a type of ra | ||
301 | 2018-02-01 05:04:32 | Pediatric brain tumors | Pediatric brain tumorPediatric brain tumorThis shows a child's tumor that likely began in the brain cells. As the tumor grows, it creates pressure on and changes the function of surrounding brain tissue, which causes signs and symptoms, such as headaches, | Make an appointment with your child's doctor if your child has signs and symptoms that concern you. | In most cases, the exact cause of a pediatric brain tumor is not known. Pediatric brain tumors typically are primary brain tumors — tumors that start in the brain or in tissues close to it. Primary brain tumors begin when normal cells have errors (mutatio | In most children with primary brain tumors, the cause of the tumor isn't clear. But certain types of brain tumors, such as medulloblastoma or ependymoma, are more common in children. Though uncommon, a family history of brain tumors or a family history of | ||
302 | 2018-02-01 05:04:33 | Breast cancer | Breast anatomyBreast anatomyEach breast contains 15 to 20 lobes of glandular tissue, arranged like the petals of a daisy. The lobes are further divided into smaller lobules that produce milk for breast-feeding. Small tubes (ducts) conduct the milk to a re | Nipple changesNipple changesBreast and nipple changes can be a sign of breast cancer. Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice anything unusual. Signs and symptoms of breast cancer may include: A breast lump or thickening that feels different fr | If you find a lump or other change in your breast — even if a recent mammogram was normal — make an appointment with your doctor for prompt evaluation. | Doctors know that breast cancer occurs when some breast cells begin to grow abnormally. These cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells do and continue to accumulate, forming a lump or mass. Cells may spread (metastasize) through your breast to your ly | A breast cancer risk factor is anything that makes it more likely you'll get breast cancer. But having one or even several breast cancer risk factors doesn't necessarily mean you'll develop breast cancer. Many women who develop breast cancer have no known | |
303 | 2018-02-01 05:04:36 | Inflammatory breast cancer | Inflammatory breast cancerInflammatory breast cancerInflammatory breast cancer often appears as an enlarged breast with red, thickened skin. Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare type of breast cancer that develops rapidly, making the affected breast red, | Signs and symptoms of inflammatory breast cancer include: Rapid change in the appearance of one breast, over the course of several weeks Thickness, heaviness or visible enlargement of one breast Discoloration, giving the breast a red, purple, pink or brui | Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice any signs or symptoms that worry you. Other more common conditions have signs and symptoms resembling those of inflammatory breast cancer. A breast injury or breast infection (mastitis) may cause redness, | It's not clear what causes inflammatory breast cancer. Doctors know that inflammatory breast cancer begins with an abnormal cell in one of the breast's ducts. Mutations within the abnormal cell's DNA instruct it to grow and divide rapidly. The accumulatin | Factors that increase the risk of inflammatory breast cancer include: Being a woman. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer than are men — but men can develop inflammatory breast cancer, too. Being black. Black women have a | |
304 | 2018-02-01 05:04:39 | Male breast cancer | Male breast cancer is a rare cancer that forms in the breast tissue of men. Though breast cancer is most commonly thought of as a woman's disease, male breast cancer does occur. Male breast cancer is most common in older men, though it can occur at any ag | Signs and symptoms of male breast cancer can include: A painless lump or thickening in your breast tissue Changes to the skin covering your breast, such as dimpling, puckering, redness or scaling Changes to your nipple, such as redness or scaling, or a ni | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you. | It's not clear what causes male breast cancer. Doctors know that male breast cancer occurs when some breast cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells do. The accumulating cells form a tumor that may spread (metastasize) to nearby tissue, to the lymph n | Factors that increase the risk of male breast cancer include: Older age. Your risk of male breast cancer increases as you age. The peak incidence of male breast cancer occurs between the ages of 68 and 71. Exposure to estrogen. If you take estrogen-relate | |
305 | 2018-02-01 05:04:40 | Breast cysts | Breast cystBreast cystA breast cyst, an oval or round fluid-filled sac, may move slightly when you press on it. Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs inside the breast, which are usually not cancerous (benign). You can have one or many breast cysts and they | Breast cysts may be found in one or both breasts. Signs and symptoms of a breast cyst include: A smooth, easily movable round or oval lump with distinct edges (which typically, though not always, indicates it's benign) Nipple discharge that may be clear, | Normal breast tissue often feels lumpy or nodular. But if you feel any new breast lumps that persist after a menstrual period, or if an existing breast lump grows or changes, see your doctor right away. CausesEach of your breasts contains lobes of glandul | Each of your breasts contains lobes of glandular tissue, arranged like petals of a daisy. The lobes are divided into smaller lobules that produce milk during pregnancy and breast-feeding. The supporting tissue that gives the breast its shape is made up of | ||
307 | 2018-02-01 05:04:41 | Mastitis | MastitisMastitisMastitis, which mainly affects breast-feeding women, causes redness, swelling and pain in one breast. Mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. You also might have fever and ch | With mastitis, signs and symptoms can appear suddenly and may include: Breast tenderness or warmth to the touch Generally feeling ill (malaise) Breast swelling Pain or a burning sensation continuously or while breast-feeding Skin redness, often in a wedge | In most cases, you'll feel ill with flu-like symptoms for several hours before you recognize that your breast has an area of tenderness and redness. As soon as you recognize this combination of signs and symptoms, it's time to contact your doctor. Your do | Breast-feeding is a learned skill, and poor technique can lead to milk being trapped in the breast, a main cause of mastitis. Other causes include: A blocked milk duct. If a breast doesn't completely empty at feedings, one of your milk ducts can become cl | Risk factors for mastitis include: Breast-feeding during the first few weeks after childbirth Sore or cracked nipples, although mastitis can develop without broken skin Using only one position to breast-feed, which may not fully drain your breast Wearing | If mastitis isn't adequately treated, or it's related to a blocked duct, a collection of pus (abscess) can develop in your breast and form a breast mass or area of firmness with thickening. An abscess usually requires surgical drainage. To avoid this comp |
308 | 2018-02-01 05:04:42 | Breast pain | Breast pain (mastalgia) — a common complaint among women — can include breast tenderness, sharp burning pain or tightness in your breast tissue. The pain may be constant or it may occur only occasionally. Breast pain can range from mild to severe. It may | Sometimes, it's not possible to identify the exact cause of breast pain. Contributing factors may include one or more of the following: Reproductive hormones. Cyclic breast pain appears to have a strong link to hormones and your menstrual cycle. Cyclic br | ||||
312 | 2018-02-01 05:04:44 | Subconjunctival hemorrhage (broken blood vessel in eye) | A subconjunctival hemorrhage (sub-kun-JUNK-tih-vul HEM-uh-ruj) occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the clear surface of your eye (conjunctiva). The conjunctiva can't absorb blood very quickly, so the blood gets trapped. You may not even | The cause of a subconjunctival hemorrhage isn't always known. The following actions may cause a small blood vessel to rupture in your eye: Violent coughing Powerful sneezing Straining Vomiting In some cases, a subconjunctival hemorrhage may result from an | Risk factors for a subconjunctival hemorrhage include: Diabetes High blood pressure (hypertension) Certain blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) and aspirin Blood-clotting disorders | Health complications from a subconjunctival hemorrhage are rare. If your condition is due to trauma, your doctor may evaluate your eye to ensure you don't have other eye complications or injury. PreventionIf the bleeding in your eye has a clearly identifi | ||
313 | 2018-02-01 05:04:45 | Broken collarbone | Broken collarboneBroken collarboneThe collarbone connects the breastbone to the shoulder blade. A broken collarbone is a common injury that causes pain and swelling at the site of the fracture. A broken collarbone is a common injury, particularly in child | If you notice signs or symptoms of a broken collarbone in you or your child, or if there's enough pain to prevent normal use, see a doctor right away. Delays in diagnosis and treatment can lead to poor healing. CausesCommon causes of a broken collarbone i | Common causes of a broken collarbone include: Falls, such as falling onto your shoulder or onto your outstretched hand. Sports injuries, such as a direct blow to your shoulder on the field, rink or court. Vehicle trauma from a car, motorcycle or bike acci | Your collarbone doesn't harden completely until about age 20. This puts children and teenagers at higher risk of a broken collarbone. The risk decreases after age 20, but then rises again in older people as bone strength decreases with age. ComplicationsM | Most broken collarbones heal without difficulty. Complications, when they occur, might include: Nerve or blood vessel injury. The jagged ends of a broken collarbone may injure nearby nerves and blood vessels. Seek immediate medical attention if you notice | |
314 | 2018-02-01 05:04:46 | Broken wrist/broken hand | Hand and wrist bonesHand and wrist bonesYour wrist is made up of eight small bones (carpal bones) plus two long bones in your forearm — the radius and the ulna. Each finger consists of one hand bone (metacarpal) and three finger bones (phalanges), while e | A broken wrist or broken hand might cause these signs and symptoms: Severe pain that might worsen when gripping or squeezing or moving your hand or wrist Swelling Tenderness Bruising Obvious deformity, such as a bent wrist or crooked finger Stiffness or i | A direct blow or crushing injury to your hands and wrists can break any of the bones in them. Common causes include: Falls. Falling onto an outstretched hand is one of the most common causes of a broken wrist or broken hand. Sports injuries. Many wrist or | Participating in certain sports activities and having the bone-thinning disease osteoporosis can increase your chances of breaking a wrist or hand. Sports activities Contact sports and activities that increase your risk of falling can increase your risk o | Complications of a broken wrist or broken hand are rare, but they might include: Ongoing stiffness, aching or disability. Stiffness, pain or aching in the affected area generally goes away eventually after your cast is removed or after surgery. However, s | |
318 | 2018-02-01 05:04:47 | Hip fracture | A hip fracture is a serious injury, with complications that can be life-threatening. The risk of hip fracture rises with age. Older people are at a higher risk of hip fracture because bones tend to weaken with age (osteoporosis). Multiple medications, poo | A severe impact — in a car crash, for example — can cause hip fractures in people of all ages. In older adults, a hip fracture is most often a result of a fall from a standing height. In people with very weak bones, a hip fracture can occur simply by stan | The rate of hip fractures increases substantially with age, due to: Decreased bone density and muscle mass Problems with vision and balance, which can cause you to fall | A hip fracture can reduce your future independence and sometimes even shorten your life. About half of people who have a hip fracture aren't able to regain their ability to live independently. If a hip fracture keeps you immobile for a long time, the comp | ||
319 | 2018-02-01 05:04:51 | Broken leg | A broken leg (leg fracture) is a break or crack in one of the bones in your leg. Common causes include falls, motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries. Treatment of a broken leg depends on the location and severity of the injury. A severely broken leg | A broken thighbone (femur) — the strongest bone in your body — usually is obvious because it takes so much force to break. But fractures of your shinbone (tibia) — the major weight-bearing bone in your lower leg — and the bone that runs alongside your tib | If you or your child has any signs or symptoms of a broken leg, see a doctor right away. Delays in diagnosis and treatment can result in problems later, including poor healing. Seek emergency medical attention for any leg fracture from a high-impact traum | There are a number of ways you can break a leg, including: Falls. A simple fall can fracture one or both of the lower leg bones. However, the thighbone is unlikely to be broken without more significant trauma. Motor vehicle accidents. All three leg bones | Stress fractures are often the result of repetitive stress to the leg bones from physical activities, such as: Running Ballet dancing Basketball Marching | Complications of a broken leg may include: Knee or ankle pain. A broken bone in your leg may produce pain in your knee or ankle. Poor or delayed healing. A severe leg fracture may not heal quickly or completely. This is particularly common in an open frac |
320 | 2018-02-01 05:04:52 | Broken nose | A broken nose, also called a nasal fracture, is a break or crack in a bone in your nose — often the bone over the bridge of your nose. Common causes of a broken nose include contact sports, physical fights, falls and motor vehicle accidents that result in | Seek emergency medical attention if you experience a nose injury accompanied by: A head or neck injury, which may be marked by severe headache, neck pain, vomiting or loss of consciousness Difficulty breathing Bleeding you can't stop A noticeable change i | Locations of the nasal bone and cartilageLocations of the nasal bone and cartilageYour nose is supported by bone (at the back and bridge) and by cartilage (in the front). Common causes of a broken nose include: Injury from contact sports, such as football | Any activity that increases your risk of a facial injury increases your risk of a broken nose. Such activities may include: Playing contact sports, such as football and hockey, especially without a helmet that has a face mask Engaging in a physical fight | Deviated septumDeviated septumA deviated septum occurs when your nasal septum is significantly displaced to one side, making one nasal air passage smaller than the other. Complications or injuries related to a broken nose may include: Deviated septum. A n | |
321 | 2018-02-01 05:04:54 | Broken ribs | Broken ribsBroken ribsA fractured rib occurs when one of the bones in your rib cage breaks or cracks. A broken rib is a common injury that occurs when one of the bones in your rib cage breaks or cracks. The most common cause is chest trauma, such as from | See your doctor if you have a very tender spot in your rib area that occurs after trauma or if you have difficulty breathing or pain with deep breathing. Seek medical attention immediately if you feel pressure, fullness or a squeezing pain in the center o | Broken ribs are most commonly caused by direct impacts — such as those from motor vehicle accidents, falls, child abuse or contact sports. Ribs also can be fractured by repetitive trauma from sports like golf and rowing or from severe and prolonged coughi | The following factors can increase your risk of breaking a rib: Osteoporosis. Having this disease in which your bones lose their density makes you more susceptible to a bone fracture. Sports participation. Playing contact sports, such as hockey or footbal | A broken rib can injure blood vessels and internal organs. The risk increases with the number of broken ribs. Complications vary depending on which ribs break. Possible complications include: Torn or punctured aorta. A sharp end of a break in one of the f | |
322 | 2018-02-01 05:04:57 | Broken toe | A broken toe is a common injury that's most frequently caused by dropping something on your foot or stubbing your toe. Usually, you can treat a broken toe by taping it to a neighboring toe. But if the fracture is severe — particularly if it involves your | Consult a doctor if the pain, swelling and discoloration continue for more than a few days or if the injury interferes with walking or wearing shoes. CausesA broken toe typically happens when you drop something heavy on your foot or you stub your toe agai | A broken toe typically happens when you drop something heavy on your foot or you stub your toe against something hard. | Complications may include: Infection. If the skin is cut near your injured toe, you are at higher risk of developing an infection in the bone. Osteoarthritis. This wear-and-tear type of arthritis is more likely to occur when the fracture extends into one | ||
325 | 2018-02-01 05:04:58 | Bronchiolitis | Bronchioles and alveoli in the lungsBronchioles and alveoli in the lungsWithin your lungs, the main airways (bronchi) branch off into smaller and smaller passageways, the smallest of which are called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are tiny air | Bronchiolitis occurs when a virus infects the bronchioles, which are the smallest airways in your lungs. The infection makes the bronchioles swell and become inflamed. Mucus collects in these airways, which makes it difficult for air to flow freely in and | Infants younger than 3 months of age are at greatest risk of getting bronchiolitis because their lungs and immune systems aren't yet fully developed. Other factors that are associated with an increased risk of bronchiolitis in infants, or more severe illn | Complications of severe bronchiolitis may include: Blue lips or skin (cyanosis). Cyanosis is caused by lack of oxygen. Pauses in breathing (apnea). Apnea is most likely to occur in premature infants and in infants within the first two months of life. Dehy | ||
326 | 2018-02-01 05:05:00 | Bronchitis | Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. People who have bronchitis often cough up thickened mucus, which can be discolored. Bronchitis may be either acute or chronic. Often developing fr | Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses, typically the same viruses that cause colds and flu (influenza). Antibiotics don't kill viruses, so this type of medication isn't useful in most cases of bronchitis. The most common cause of chronic bronchiti | Factors that increase your risk of bronchitis include: Cigarette smoke. People who smoke or who live with a smoker are at higher risk of both acute bronchitis and chronic bronchitis. Low resistance. This may result from another acute illness, such as a co | Although a single episode of bronchitis usually isn't cause for concern, it can lead to pneumonia in some people. Repeated bouts of bronchitis, however, may mean that you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PreventionTo reduce your risk of | ||
327 | 2018-02-01 05:05:02 | Brucellosis | Brucellosis is a bacterial infection that spreads from animals to people — most often via unpasteurized milk, cheese and other dairy products. More rarely, the bacteria that cause brucellosis can spread through the air or through direct contact with infec | Symptoms of brucellosis may show up anytime from a few days to a few months after you're infected. Signs and symptoms are similar to those of the flu and include: Fever Chills Loss of appetite Sweats Weakness Fatigue Joint, muscle and back pain Headache B | Brucellosis can be hard to identify, especially in the early stages, when it often resembles many other conditions, such as the flu. See your doctor if you develop a rapidly rising fever, muscle aches or unusual weakness and have any risk factors for the | Brucellosis affects many wild and domestic animals. Cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs, camels, wild boar and reindeer are especially prone to the disease. A form of brucellosis also affects harbor seals, porpoises and certain whales. The bacteria may be sp | Brucellosis is very rare in the United States. Other parts of the world have much higher rates of brucellosis infection, especially: Around the Mediterranean Sea Eastern Europe Latin America Asia Africa The Caribbean The Middle East | Brucellosis can affect almost any part of your body, including your reproductive system, liver, heart and central nervous system. Chronic brucellosis may cause complications in just one organ or throughout your body. Possible complications include: Infect |
328 | 2018-02-01 05:05:04 | Brugada syndrome | Brugada (brew-GAH-dah) syndrome is a potentially life-threatening heart rhythm disorder that is sometimes inherited. People with Brugada syndrome have an increased risk of abnormal heart rhythms from the lower chambers of the heart (ventricular arrhythmia | Many people who have Brugada syndrome are undiagnosed because the condition often doesn't cause any noticeable symptoms. The most important sign of Brugada syndrome is an abnormal pattern on an electrocardiogram (ECG) called a type 1 Brugada ECG pattern. | If you have heart palpitations or an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), make an appointment to see your doctor. Your problem could be caused by a heart rhythm problem, but tests can determine if the underlying cause of your heart problem is Brugada syndrom | Brugada syndrome is a heart rhythm disorder. Each beat of your heart is triggered by an electrical impulse generated by special cells in the right upper chamber of your heart. Tiny pores, called channels, on each of these cells direct this electrical acti | Risk factors for Brugada syndrome include: Family history of Brugada syndrome. If other family members have had Brugada syndrome, you're at an increased risk of having the condition. Being male. Adult men are more frequently diagnosed than are women. In y | Complications of Brugada syndrome require emergency medical care. They include: Sudden cardiac arrest. If not treated immediately, this sudden loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness, which often occurs while sleeping, is fatal. With fast, app |
329 | 2018-02-01 05:05:07 | Bruxism (teeth grinding) | Bruxism (BRUK-siz-um) is a condition in which you grind, gnash or clench your teeth. If you have bruxism, you may unconsciously clench your teeth when you're awake (awake bruxism) or clench or grind them during sleep (sleep bruxism). Sleep bruxism is cons | Doctors don't completely understand what causes bruxism, but it may be due to a combination of physical, psychological and genetic factors. Awake bruxism may be due to emotions such as anxiety, stress, anger, frustration or tension. Or it may be a coping | These factors increase your risk of bruxism: Stress. Increased anxiety or stress can lead to teeth grinding. So can anger and frustration. Age. Bruxism is common in young children, but it usually goes away by adulthood. Personality type. Having a personal | In most cases, bruxism doesn't cause serious complications. But severe bruxism may lead to: Damage to your teeth, restorations, crowns or jaw Tension-type headaches Severe facial or jaw pain Disorders that occur in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), loc | ||
331 | 2018-02-01 05:05:08 | Buerger's disease | Buerger's diseaseBuerger's diseaseIn Buerger's disease, your blood vessels swell and can become blocked with blood clots (thrombi). This eventually damages or destroys skin tissues and may lead to infection and gangrene. Buerger's disease usually first sh | Buerger's disease symptoms include: Pain that may come and go in your legs and feet or in your arms and hands. This pain may occur when you use your hands or feet and eases when you stop that activity (claudication), or when you're at rest Inflammation al | See your doctor if you think you may have signs or symptoms of Buerger's disease. | The exact cause of Buerger's disease is unknown. While tobacco use clearly plays a role in the development of Buerger's disease, it's not clear how it does so. Experts suspect that some people may have a genetic predisposition to the disease. It's also po | Tobacco use Cigarette smoking greatly increases your risk of Buerger's disease. But Buerger's disease can occur in people who use any form of tobacco, including cigars and chewing tobacco. People who smoke hand-rolled cigarettes using raw tobacco may have | If Buerger's disease worsens, blood flow to your arms and legs decreases. This is due to blockages that make it hard for blood to reach the tips of your fingers and toes. Tissues that don't receive blood don't get the oxygen and nutrients they need to sur |
332 | 2018-02-01 05:05:11 | Bulimia nervosa | Bulimia (boo-LEE-me-uh) nervosa, commonly called bulimia, is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder. People with bulimia may secretly binge — eating large amounts of food — and then purge, trying to get rid of the extra calories in an unh | The exact cause of bulimia is unknown. There are many factors that could play a role in the development of eating disorders, including biology, emotional health, societal expectations and other issues. | Factors that increase your risk of bulimia may include: Being female. Girls and women are more likely to have bulimia than boys and men are. Age. Bulimia often begins in the late teens or early adulthood. Biology. People with first-degree relatives (sibli | Bulimia may cause numerous serious and even life-threatening complications. Possible complications include: Dehydration, which can lead to major medical problems, such as kidney failure Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat or heart failure Sever | ||
334 | 2018-02-01 05:05:13 | Bullous pemphigoid | Bullous pemphigoidBullous pemphigoidPeople with bullous pemphigoid may develop multiple blisters. When the blisters rupture, they leave a sore that typically heals without scarring. Bullous pemphigoid (BUL-us PEM-fih-goid) is a rare skin condition that ca | The cause of bullous pemphigoid is not well-understood. The blisters occur because of a malfunction in your immune system. Your body's immune system normally produces antibodies to fight bacteria, viruses or other potentially harmful foreign substances. F | Bullous pemphigoid most commonly occurs in people older than age 60, and the risk increases with age. ComplicationsIf ruptured blisters become infected, this can lead to sepsis — a potentially life-threatening blood infection that affects your entire body | If ruptured blisters become infected, this can lead to sepsis — a potentially life-threatening blood infection that affects your entire body. Sepsis is more likely to occur in older adults who are in generally poor health. Rare forms of bullous pemphigoid | ||
335 | 2018-02-01 05:05:15 | Bundle branch block | Bundle branch blockBundle branch blockElectrical impulses that cause your heart to beat (contract) originate in the upper right chamber (right atrium) of the heart and travel to the lower chambers (ventricles). In bundle branch block, the pathway that the | In most people, bundle branch block doesn't cause any symptoms. Sometimes, people with the condition don't even know they have a bundle branch block. For those people who do have signs and symptoms, they may include: Fainting (syncope) Feeling as if you'r | If you've fainted, see your doctor to rule out any serious, underlying causes. If you have heart disease, or if your doctor has already diagnosed you as having bundle branch block, ask your doctor how often you should have follow-up visits. You might want | Normally, electrical impulses within your heart's muscle signal it to beat (contract). These impulses travel along a pathway, including the right and the left bundles. If one or both of these branch bundles become damaged — due to a heart attack, for exam | Risk factors for bundle branch block include: Increasing age. Bundle branch block is more common in older adults than in people who are middle-aged. Underlying health problems. People who have high blood pressure or heart disease are more likely to have b | The main complication of bundle branch block is a slow heart rate, which can sometimes cause fainting. People who have a heart attack and develop a bundle branch block have a higher chance of complications, including sudden cardiac death, than do people w |
336 | 2018-02-01 05:05:18 | Bunions | BunionBunionWhen you have a bunion, your big toe joint becomes enlarged, forcing it to crowd against your other toes. The pressure on your big toe joint pushes it outward beyond the normal profile of your foot. BunionBunionSmaller bunions (bunionettes) ca | Although bunions often require no medical treatment, see your doctor or a doctor who specializes in treating foot disorders (podiatrist or orthopedic foot specialist) if you have: Persistent big toe or foot pain A visible bump on your big toe joint Decrea | There are many theories about how bunions develop, but the exact cause is unknown. Factors likely include: Inherited foot type Foot injuries Deformities present at birth (congenital) Experts disagree on whether tight, high-heeled or too-narrow shoes cause | These factors might increase your risk of bunions: High heels. Wearing high heels forces your toes into the front of your shoes, often crowding your toes. Ill-fitting shoes. People who wear shoes that are too tight, too narrow or too pointed are more susc | Although they don't always cause problems, bunions are permanent unless surgically corrected. Possible complications include: Bursitis. This painful condition occurs when the small fluid-filled pads (bursae) that cushion bones, tendons and muscles near yo | |
339 | 2018-02-01 05:05:21 | Meralgia paresthetica | Meralgia parestheticaMeralgia parestheticaMeralgia paresthetica is a condition characterized by tingling, numbness and burning pain in the outer part of your thigh. The condition is caused by compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, which suppl | Meralgia paresthetica occurs when the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve — which supplies sensation to the surface of your outer thigh — becomes compressed, or pinched. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is purely a sensory nerve and doesn't affect your abi | The following might increase your risk of meralgia paresthetica: Extra weight. Being overweight or obese can increase the pressure on your lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Pregnancy. A growing belly puts added pressure on your groin, through which the lat | |||
340 | 2018-02-01 05:05:23 | Burns | Second-degree burnSecond-degree burnA second-degree burn, which often looks wet or moist, affects the first and second layers of skin (epidermis and dermis). Blisters may develop and pain can be severe. Burns can be minor medical problems or life-threaten | Seek emergency medical assistance for: Burns that cover the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks, a major joint or a large area of the body Deep burns, which means burns affecting all layers of the skin and even other tissues Burns caused by chemicals or el | Many things can cause burns, including: Fire Hot liquid or steam Hot metal, glass or other objects Electrical currents Radiation from X-rays or radiation therapy to treat cancer Sunlight or ultraviolet light from a sunlamp or tanning bed Chemicals such as | Deep or widespread burns can lead to many complications, including: Infection. Burns can leave skin vulnerable to bacterial infection and increase your risk of sepsis. Sepsis is a life-threatening infection that travels through the bloodstream and affects | ||
341 | 2018-02-01 05:05:25 | Bursitis | Shoulder bursaeShoulder bursaeBursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in your body's joints. Shoulder bursitis is inflammation or irritation of a bursa (shown in blue) in your shoulder. Elbow bursaElbow bursaBursae are | The most common causes of bursitis are repetitive motions or positions that put pressure on the bursae around a joint. Examples include: Throwing a baseball or lifting something over your head repeatedly Leaning on your elbows for long periods Extensive k | Anyone can develop bursitis, but certain factors can increase your risk: Age. Bursitis becomes more common with aging. Occupations or hobbies. If your work or hobby requires repetitive motion or pressure on particular bursae, your risk of developing bursi | |||
342 | 2018-02-01 05:05:28 | Knee bursitis | Knee bursaeKnee bursaeBursae are small fluid-filled sacs (shown in blue) that reduce friction between moving parts in your body's joints. Knee bursitis is inflammation or irritation of one or more of the bursae in your knee. Knee bursitis is inflammation | Knee bursitis can be caused by: Frequent and sustained pressure, such as from kneeling, especially on hard surfaces Overuse or strenuous activity A direct blow to your knee Bacterial infection of the bursa Complications from osteoarthritis, rheumatoid art | Knee bursitis is a common complaint, but your risk of developing this painful disorder can increase from: Prolonged kneeling. People who work on their knees for long periods — carpet layers, plumbers and gardeners — are at increased risk of knee bursitis. | |||
344 | 2018-02-01 05:05:30 | C. difficile infection | Clostridium difficile (klos-TRID-e-um dif-uh-SEEL), often called C. difficile or C. diff, is a bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Illness from C. difficile most commonly affects older adu | Some people carry the bacterium C. difficile in their intestines but never become sick, though they may still spread the infection. Signs and symptoms usually develop within five to 10 days after starting a course of antibiotics, but may occur as soon as | Some people have loose stools during or shortly after antibiotic therapy. This may be due to C. difficile infection. See your doctor if you have three or more watery stools a day and symptoms lasting more than two days or if you have a new fever, severe a | Colon and rectumColon and rectumThe colon, also called the large intestine, is a long tube-like organ in your abdomen. The colon carries waste to be expelled from the body. The rectum makes up the last several inches of the colon. C. difficile bacteria ar | Although people — including children — with no known risk factors have gotten sick from C. difficile, certain factors increase your risk. Taking antibiotics or other medicationsMedication-associated risk factors include: Currently taking or having recentl | Complications of C. difficile infections include: Dehydration. Severe diarrhea can lead to a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes. This makes it difficult for your body to function normally and can cause blood pressure to drop to dangerously low le |
345 | 2018-02-01 05:05:33 | Calciphylaxis | Calciphylaxis (kal-sih-fuh-LAK-sis) is a serious, uncommon disease in which calcium accumulates in small blood vessels of the fat and skin tissues. Calciphylaxis causes painful skin ulcers and may cause serious infections that can lead to death. People wh | |||||
346 | 2018-02-01 05:05:37 | Corns and calluses | Corns and calluses are thick, hardened layers of skin that develop when your skin tries to protect itself against friction and pressure. They most often develop on the feet and toes or hands and fingers. Corns and calluses can be unsightly. If you're heal | Pressure and friction from repetitive actions cause corns and calluses to develop and grow. Some sources of this pressure and friction include: Wearing ill-fitting shoes. Tight shoes and high heels can compress areas of your feet. When footwear is too loo | BunionBunionWhen you have a bunion, your big toe joint becomes enlarged, forcing it to crowd against your other toes. The pressure on your big toe joint pushes it outward beyond the normal profile of your foot. | |||
347 | 2018-02-01 05:05:38 | Cancer | What does cancer look like?What does cancer look like?The image of the normal colon tissue, at left, shows well-formed oval-shaped glands, evenly lined with a single, organized layer of cells, indicated by arrows. The image of the cancerous colon tissue, | Signs and symptoms caused by cancer will vary depending on what part of the body is affected. Some general signs and symptoms associated with, but not specific to, cancer, include: Fatigue Lump or area of thickening that can be felt under the skin Weight | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that concern you. If you don't have any signs or symptoms, but are worried about your risk of cancer, discuss your concerns with your doctor. Ask about which cancer screenin | Cancer is caused by changes (mutations) to the DNA within cells. The DNA inside a cell is packaged into a large number of individual genes, each of which contains a set of instructions telling the cell what functions to perform, as well as how to grow and | While doctors have an idea of what may increase your risk of cancer, the majority of cancers occur in people who don't have any known risk factors. Factors known to increase your risk of cancer include: Your age Cancer can take decades to develop. That's | Cancer and its treatment can cause several complications, including: Pain. Pain can be caused by cancer or by cancer treatment, though not all cancer is painful. Medications and other approaches can effectively treat cancer-related pain. Fatigue. Fatigue |
355 | 2018-02-01 05:05:42 | Carcinoid tumors | Carcinoid tumors are a type of slow-growing cancer that can arise in several places throughout your body. Carcinoid tumors, which are one subset of tumors called neuroendocrine tumors, usually begin in the digestive tract (stomach, appendix, small intesti | In some cases, carcinoid tumors don't cause any signs or symptoms. When they do occur, signs and symptoms are usually vague and depend on the location of the tumor. | If you experience any signs and symptoms that bother you and are persistent, make an appointment with your doctor. | It's not clear what causes carcinoid tumors. In general, cancer occurs when a cell develops mutations in its DNA. The mutations allow the cell to continue growing and dividing when healthy cells would normally die. The accumulating cells form a tumor. Can | Factors that increase the risk of carcinoid tumors include: Older age. Older adults are more likely to be diagnosed with a carcinoid tumor than are younger people or children. Sex. Women are more likely than men to develop carcinoid tumors. Family history | The cells of carcinoid tumors can secrete hormones and other chemicals, causing a range of complications, including: Carcinoid syndrome. Carcinoid syndrome causes redness or a feeling of warmth in your face and neck (skin flushing), chronic diarrhea, and |
356 | 2018-02-01 05:05:44 | Cervical cancer | Cervical cancerCervical cancerCervical cancer begins in the cells of the cervix. Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Various strains of the human papillomav | Where cervical cancer beginsWhere cervical cancer beginsTwo types of cells line the surface of the cervix, and both can become cancerous. One type (glandular cells) has a column-shaped appearance. The other type (squamous cells) is thin and flat. The boun | Risk factors for cervical cancer include: Many sexual partners. The greater your number of sexual partners — and the greater your partner's number of sexual partners — the greater your chance of acquiring HPV. Early sexual activity. Having sex at an early | |||
357 | 2018-02-01 05:05:47 | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made. The term "chronic" in chronic lymphocytic leukemia comes from the fact that it typically progresses more slowl | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs and symptoms that worry you. | Doctors aren't certain what starts the process that causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia. What's known is that something happens to cause a genetic mutation in the DNA of blood-producing cells. This mutation causes the blood cells to produce abnormal, inef | Factors that may increase the risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia include: Your age. This disease occurs most often in older adults. On average, people diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia are in their 70s. Your race. Whites are more likely to dev | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia may cause complications such as: Frequent infections. People with chronic lymphocytic leukemia may experience frequent infections. In most cases, these infections are common infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. | |
358 | 2018-02-01 05:05:51 | Chronic myelogenous leukemia | Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is an uncommon type of cancer of the blood cells. The term "chronic" in chronic myelogenous leukemia indicates that this cancer tends to progress more slowly than acute forms of leukemia. The term "myelogenous" (my-uh-LO | How the Philadelphia chromosome formsHow the Philadelphia chromosome formsAn abnormal chromosome called the Philadelphia chromosome is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Your cells each contain 23 pairs of chromosomes that are made of DNA and h | Factors that increase the risk of chronic myelogenous leukemia: Older age Being male Radiation exposure, such as radiation therapy for certain types of cancer | Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) can cause a variety of complications, including: Fatigue. If diseased white blood cells crowd out healthy red blood cells, anemia may result. Anemia can make you feel tired and worn down. Treatment for CML also can cause | ||
359 | 2018-02-01 05:05:52 | Colon cancer | Colon cancerColon cancerColon cancer can occur in any part of the colon. An examination of your entire colon using a long, flexible tube equipped with a camera (colonoscopy) is one way to detect colon cancer and polyps. Colon cancer is cancer of the large | Signs and symptoms of colon cancer include: A change in your bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation or a change in the consistency of your stool, that lasts longer than four weeks Rectal bleeding or blood in your stool Persistent abdominal disco | If you notice any symptoms of colon cancer, such as blood in your stool or an ongoing change in bowel habits, do not hesitate to make an appointment with your doctor. Talk to your doctor about when you should begin screening for colon cancer. Guidelines g | In most cases, it's not clear what causes colon cancer. Doctors know that colon cancer occurs when healthy cells in the colon develop errors in their genetic blueprint, the DNA. Healthy cells grow and divide in an orderly way to keep your body functioning | Factors that may increase your risk of colon cancer include: Older age. The great majority of people diagnosed with colon cancer are older than 50. Colon cancer can occur in younger people, but it occurs much less frequently. African-American race. Africa | |
360 | 2018-02-01 05:05:53 | Endometrial cancer | Endometrial cancerEndometrial cancerEndometrial cancer begins in the lining (endometrium) of the uterus. Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus. The uterus is the hollow, pear-shaped pelvic organ in women where fetal development | Doctors don't know what causes endometrial cancer. What's known is that something occurs to create a genetic mutation within cells in the endometrium — the lining of the uterus. The genetic mutation turns normal, healthy cells into abnormal cells. Healthy | Female reproductive systemFemale reproductive systemThe ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina (vaginal canal) make up the female reproductive system. | |||
361 | 2018-02-01 05:05:54 | Esophageal cancer | EsophagusEsophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects your mouth and your stomach. Rings of muscle (sphincters) in the upper and lower portions contract and relax to allow food and liquid to pass. Esophageal cancerEsophageal cancerEsophageal ca | Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Weight loss without trying Chest pain, pressure or burning Worsening indigestion or heartburn Coughing or hoarseness Early esophageal cancer typically causes no signs or sy | It's not exactly clear what causes esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer occurs when cells in your esophagus develop errors (mutations) in their DNA. The errors make cells grow and divide out of control. The accumulating abnormal cells form a tumor in the | It's thought that chronic irritation of your esophagus may contribute to the changes that cause esophageal cancer. Factors that cause irritation in the cells of your esophagus and increase your risk of esophageal cancer include: Having gastroesophageal re | As esophageal cancer advances, it can cause complications, such as: Obstruction of the esophagus. Cancer may make it difficult or impossible for food and liquid to pass through your esophagus. Pain. Advanced esophageal cancer can cause pain. Bleeding in t | |
362 | 2018-02-01 05:05:55 | Eye melanoma | Where eye melanoma occursWhere eye melanoma occursEye melanoma most often affects the middle layer of your eye (uvea). Parts of your eye's uvea that can develop melanoma include the colored portion of your eye (iris), the muscle fibers around your eye's l | Eye melanoma may not cause signs and symptoms. When they do occur, signs and symptoms of eye melanoma can include: A growing dark spot on the iris A sensation of flashing lights A change in the shape of the dark circle (pupil) at the center of your eye Po | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you. Sudden changes in your vision signal an emergency, so seek immediate care in those situations. | It's not clear what causes eye melanoma, also called ocular melanoma. Doctors know that eye melanoma occurs when errors develop in the DNA of healthy eye cells. The DNA errors tell the cells to grow and multiply out of control, so the mutated cells go on | Risk factors for primary melanoma of the eye include: Light eye color. People with blue eyes or green eyes have a greater risk of melanoma of the eye. Being white. White people have a greater risk of eye melanoma than do people of other races. Increasing | Complications of eye melanoma may include: Increasing pressure within the eye (glaucoma). A growing eye melanoma may cause glaucoma. Signs and symptoms of glaucoma may include eye pain and redness, as well as blurry vision. Vision loss. Large eye melanoma |
363 | 2018-02-01 05:05:57 | Gallbladder cancer | Gallbladder cancerGallbladder cancerGallbladder cancer begins in the cells of the gallbladder. Your gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath your liver. Gallbladder cancer is cancer that begins in the gallb | Gallbladder and bile ductGallbladder and bile ductGallbladder and bile ductThe gallbladder serves as a reservoir for bile, a yellow-green fluid produced in your liver. Bile flows from your liver into your gallbladder, where it's held until needed during t | Factors that can increase the risk of gallbladder cancer include: Your sex. Gallbladder cancer is more common in women. Your age. Your risk of gallbladder cancer increases as you age. A history of gallstones. Gallbladder cancer is most common in people wh | |||
364 | 2018-02-01 05:05:59 | Stomach cancer | Gastroesophageal junction and stomachGastroesophageal junction and stomachThe area where the lower end of the esophagus meets the upper part of the stomach is called the gastroesophageal junction. Cancer of the gastroesophageal junction has become more co | Stomach and pyloric valveStomach and pyloric valveYour stomach is a muscular sac about the size of a small melon that expands when you eat or drink to hold as much as a gallon of food or liquid. Once your stomach pulverizes the food, strong muscular contr | The main risk factors for gastroesophageal junction cancer are a history of GERD and obesity. Factors that increase your risk of stomach cancer located in the stomach body include: A diet high in salty and smoked foods A diet low in fruits and vegetables | |||
365 | 2018-02-01 05:06:02 | Hairy cell leukemia | Hairy cell leukemiaHairy cell leukemiaHairy cell leukemia cells, which appear as the darker cells in this photo, are surrounded by a halo of fine projections (villi). To diagnose hairy cell leukemia, your doctor may take a sample of bone marrow from your | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs and symptoms that worry you. | It's not clear what causes hairy cell leukemia. Doctors know that cancer occurs when cells develop errors in their DNA. In the case of hairy cell leukemia, mutations in the DNA cause your bone marrow stem cells to create too many white blood cells that do | Certain factors may increase your risk of developing hairy cell leukemia. Not all research studies agree on what factors increase your risk of the disease. Some research indicates that your risk of hairy cell leukemia increases based on your: Exposure to | Hairy cell leukemia progresses very slowly and sometimes remains stable for many years. For this reason, few complications of the disease occur. Untreated hairy cell leukemia that progresses may crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to serious complicati | |
366 | 2018-02-01 05:06:05 | Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease) | Parts of the immune systemParts of the immune systemYour body's lymphatic system is part of your immune system, which protects you against infection and disease. The lymphatic system includes your spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and lymph channels, as well as | Swollen lymph nodesSwollen lymph nodesLymph nodes, such as these lymph nodes in the neck (inset), are located throughout your body. The inset shows three swollen lymph nodes below the lower jaw. Signs and symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma may include: Painle | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you. | Doctors aren't sure what causes Hodgkin's lymphoma. But it begins when an infection-fighting cell called a lymphocyte develops a genetic mutation. The mutation tells the cell to multiply rapidly, causing many diseased cells that continue multiplying. The | Factors that can increase the risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma include: Your age. Hodgkin's lymphoma is most often diagnosed in people between 15 and 30 years old and those over 55. A family history of lymphoma. Having a blood relative with Hodgkin's lymphoma o | |
367 | 2018-02-01 05:06:07 | Hurthle cell cancer | Thyroid glandThyroid glandYour thyroid gland is located at the base of your neck, just below the Adam's apple. Hurthle (HEERT-luh) cell cancer is a rare cancer that affects the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the base of your nec | Signs and symptoms of Hurthle cell cancer may include: A fast-growing lump in your neck, just below your Adam's apple Pain in your neck or throat Hoarseness or other changes in your voice Shortness of breath Swallowing difficulty These signs and symptoms | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you. CausesIt's not clear what causes Hurthle cell cancer. Doctors know that cancer begins when a cell develops errors in its DNA — the genetic material that contains instru | It's not clear what causes Hurthle cell cancer. Doctors know that cancer begins when a cell develops errors in its DNA — the genetic material that contains instructions for biochemical processes in your body. When DNA is altered or damaged, these genes ma | Factors that increase the risk of developing Hurthle cell cancer include: Being female Being older Having a history of radiation treatments to the head and neck | Possible complications of Hurthle cell cancer include: Problems with swallowing and breathing. They can occur if the tumor grows and presses on the food tube (esophagus) and windpipe (trachea). Spread of the cancer. Hurthle cell cancer can spread (metasta |
368 | 2018-02-01 05:06:09 | Throat cancer | Parts of the throat (pharynx)Parts of the throat (pharynx)The throat (pharynx) is a muscular tube that runs from the back of your nose down into your neck. It contains three sections: the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx, which is also called th | Signs and symptoms of throat cancer may include: A cough Changes in your voice, such as hoarseness or not speaking clearly Difficulty swallowing Ear pain A lump or sore that doesn't heal A sore throat Weight loss When to see a doctorMake an appointment wi | Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice any new signs and symptoms that are persistent. Most throat cancer symptoms aren't specific to cancer, so your doctor will likely investigate other more common causes first. | Throat cancer occurs when cells in your throat develop genetic mutations. These mutations cause cells to grow uncontrollably and continue living after healthy cells would normally die. The accumulating cells can form a tumor in your throat. It's not clear | Factors that can increase your risk of throat cancer include: Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing tobacco Excessive alcohol use A sexually transmitted virus called human papillomavirus (HPV) A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables Gastroesophageal | |
370 | 2018-02-01 05:06:12 | Kidney cancer | Kidney cancerKidney cancerKidney cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your kidneys. Kidney cancer begins in the kidneys. Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of your fist. They're located behind your abdominal organs, with | It's not clear what causes renal cell cancer, the most common form of kidney cancer, though there are several risk factors. Doctors know that kidney cancer begins when some kidney cells acquire mutations in their DNA. The mutations tell the cells to grow | Factors that can increase the risk of kidney cancer include: Older age. Your risk of kidney cancer increases as you age. Smoking. Smokers have a greater risk of kidney cancer than nonsmokers do. The risk decreases after you quit. Obesity. People who are o | |||
372 | 2018-02-01 05:06:14 | Leukemia | Leukemia is cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. Many types of leukemia exist. Some forms of leukemia are more common in children. Other forms of leukemia occur mostly in adults. Leukemia usually | Leukemia symptoms vary, depending on the type of leukemia. Common leukemia signs and symptoms include: Fever or chills Persistent fatigue, weakness Frequent or severe infections Losing weight without trying Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen Ea | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you. Leukemia symptoms are often vague and not specific. You may overlook early leukemia symptoms because they may resemble symptoms of the flu and other common i | Parts of the immune systemParts of the immune systemYour body's lymphatic system is part of your immune system, which protects you against infection and disease. The lymphatic system includes your spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and lymph channels, as well as | Factors that may increase your risk of developing some types of leukemia include: Previous cancer treatment. People who've had certain types of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for other cancers have an increased risk of developing certain types of leuk | |
373 | 2018-02-01 05:06:16 | Mouth cancer | Lip cancerLip cancerLip cancer may appear as a sore on your lip that doesn't heal. Mouth cancer — white patchesMouth cancer — white patchesMouth cancer signs may include bleeding, swelling, white patches or redness in your mouth. Mouth cancer — red soreMo | Signs and symptoms of mouth cancer may include: A sore that doesn't heal A sore that bleeds A growth, lump or thickening of the skin or lining of your mouth Loose teeth Poorly fitting dentures Tongue pain Jaw pain or stiffness Difficult or painful chewing | Make an appointment with your doctor or dentist if you have any persistent signs and symptoms that bother you and last more than two weeks. Your doctor will likely investigate other more common causes for your signs and symptoms first, such as an infectio | Mouth cancer occurs when cells on your lips or in your mouth develop changes (mutations) in their DNA. These mutations allow cancer cells to continue growing and dividing when healthy cells would die. The accumulating abnormal mouth cancer cells can form | Factors that can increase your risk of mouth cancer include: Tobacco use of any kind, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff, among others Heavy alcohol use Excessive sun exposure to your lips A sexually transmitted virus called hu | |
374 | 2018-02-01 05:06:19 | Liver cancer | Liver cancerLiver cancerLiver cancer begins in the cells of the liver. The most common form of liver cancer begins in cells called hepatocytes and is called hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your live | It's not clear what causes most cases of liver cancer. But in some cases, the cause is known. For instance, chronic infection with certain hepatitis viruses can cause liver cancer. Liver cancer occurs when liver cells develop changes (mutations) in their | Factors that increase the risk of primary liver cancer include: Chronic infection with HBV or HCV. Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases your risk of liver cancer. Cirrhosis. This progressive and irreversi | |||
375 | 2018-02-01 05:06:21 | Lung cancer | Lung cancerLung cancerLung cancer begins in the cells of your lungs. Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. Your lungs are two spongy organs in your chest that take in oxygen when you inhale and release carbon dioxide when you exhale. L | Lung cancer typically doesn't cause signs and symptoms in its earliest stages. Signs and symptoms of lung cancer typically occur only when the disease is advanced. Signs and symptoms of lung cancer may include: A new cough that doesn't go away Coughing up | Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you. If you smoke and have been unable to quit, make an appointment with your doctor. Your doctor can recommend strategies for quitting smoking, such as counselin | Smoking causes the majority of lung cancers — both in smokers and in people exposed to secondhand smoke. But lung cancer also occurs in people who never smoked and in those who never had prolonged exposure to secondhand smoke. In these cases, there may be | A number of factors may increase your risk of lung cancer. Some risk factors can be controlled, for instance, by quitting smoking. And other factors can't be controlled, such as your family history. Risk factors for lung cancer include: Smoking. Your risk | Lung cancer can cause complications, such as: Shortness of breath. People with lung cancer can experience shortness of breath if cancer grows to block the major airways. Lung cancer can also cause fluid to accumulate around the lungs, making it harder for |
377 | 2018-02-01 05:06:23 | Merkel cell carcinoma | Merkel cell carcinomaMerkel cell carcinomaMerkel cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive skin cancer. It appears as a painless, flesh-colored or bluish-red nodule growing on your skin. Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that usually appears | The first sign of Merkel cell carcinoma is usually a fast-growing, painless nodule (tumor) on your skin. The nodule may be skin colored or may appear in shades of red, blue or purple. Most Merkel cell carcinomas appear on the face, head or neck, but they | If you notice a mole, freckle or bump that is changing in size, shape or color, growing rapidly, or bleeding easily after minor trauma, such as washing your skin or shaving, make an appointment with your doctor. | It's not clear what causes Merkel cell carcinoma. Merkel cell carcinoma begins in the Merkel cells. Merkel cells are found at the base of the outermost layer of your skin (epidermis). Merkel cells are connected to the nerve endings in the skin that are re | Factors that may increase your risk of Merkel cell carcinoma include: Excessive exposure to natural or artificial sunlight. Being exposed to ultraviolet light, such as the light that comes from the sun or from tanning beds, increases your risk of Merkel c | Cancer that spreads to other parts of the body Even with treatment, Merkel cell carcinoma commonly spreads (metastasizes) beyond the skin. Merkel cell carcinoma tends to travel first to nearby lymph nodes. Later it may spread to your brain, bones, liver o |
378 | 2018-02-01 05:06:26 | Mesothelioma | Malignant mesothelioma (me-zoe-thee-lee-O-muh) is a type of cancer that occurs in the thin layer of tissue that covers the majority of your internal organs (mesothelium). Mesothelioma is an aggressive and deadly form of cancer. Mesothelioma treatments are | Signs and symptoms of mesothelioma vary depending on where the cancer occurs. Pleural mesothelioma, which affects the tissue that surrounds the lungs, causes signs and symptoms that may include: Chest pain under the rib cage Painful coughing Shortness of | See your doctor if you have signs and symptoms that may indicate mesothelioma. Signs and symptoms of mesothelioma aren't specific to this disease and, due to the rarity of mesothelioma, are more likely to be related to other conditions. If any persistent | In general, cancer begins when a series of genetic mutations occur within a cell, causing the cell to grow and multiply out of control. It isn't clear what causes the initial genetic mutations that lead to mesothelioma, though researchers have identified | Asbestos exposure: The primary risk factor for mesotheliomaAsbestos is a mineral that's found naturally in the environment. Asbestos fibers are strong and resistant to heat, making them useful in a wide variety of applications, such as in insulation, brak | As pleural mesothelioma spreads in the chest, it puts pressure on the structures in that area. This can cause complications, such as: Difficulty breathing Chest pain Difficulty swallowing Pain caused by pressure on the nerves and spinal cord Accumulation |
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